multiple access methods in satellite communication ppt

... Char Count= 0 10 Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering 1.4 INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS In the previous section we examined a differential equation on a bounded interval. In this case we ... Char Count= 0 8 Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering 1.2 TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM Let us examine a general second-order ordinary differential equation given in the form u  = ... Char Count= 0 16 Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering Γ η Ω Figure 2.3 Two-dimensional bounded region r Harmonic functions (Du Plessis, 1970; Rudin, 1970) r Mapping functions between...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 06:20

... corresponding to dx/dt = ± c. Information emanating from a point will in general travel along the two characteristics. These will divide space- time into two regions relative to that point, a timelike ... obtain −z sin φ + x cos φ = ± d dφ u j (φ)t. (1.94) Now, invert Eqs. (1.93) and (1.94) for (x, z) to obtain x = R 0 sin φ +  sin φu j + cos φ d dφ u j (φ)  t, z = R 0 cos φ +  cos φu j − sin ... Upwind Differencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 9.3.1 Beam–Warming Upwind Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 9.3.2 Upwind Methods for Systems of Equations . . . . . . 245 9.4 Limiter Methods...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... provide the only definitive information as to the degree of risk in man. Since malignant diseases are clearly of multifactorial origin, their investigation in man has become increasingly complex, ... Page 47, line 8, should read ". . . in each age group in 1970,. . ." Page 60, line 21, should read ". . . lines are larger than would be expected ." Page 61, line 3, ... Page 141, line 4, delete the sentence beginning "Its only major drawback ." Page 167, last line, shou.ld read ". . . = 0.98 corresponding to. . ." Page 174, line 9,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... country to introduce PCN into operation, through two network operators: Mercury’s One2One, which was introduced into service in September 1993; and Hutchinson’s Orange, which was introduced into service ... slot contains 324 bits including 260 bits of user information. In the mobile to BS direction, these information bits are divided into three packets of 16, 122 and 122 bits, respectively. In the ... enhancing the TDMA-136 radio interface to include GSM/ EDGE compatibility and a high data rate indoor solution. In the ITU terminology, this radio interface is known as IMT-DS. The UWC-136 radio interface...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 11:16

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 10:15

... of HIV infections in Springfontein) is that in Springfontein you have, it’s on the N1, the Springfontein, you have trucks coming in and out the area. (DSD representative, Koffiefontein). The ... Springfontein ja, I think it’s Springfontein number one. And the reason for that is that in Springfontein you have, it’s on the N1, the Springfontein, you have trucks coming in and out the area. ... alcohol for a woman. As pointed out earlier, Springfontein and Jaggersfontein were singled out as having more cases of HIV infection compared to other towns. Springfontein was singled out particularly...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... regulate genes involved in reducing the intracellular level of Cd(II). We demonstrate here by DNase I footprinting and EMSA that CmtR interacts cooperatively with multiple binding sites that ... ethidium bromide staining. The DNase I footprinting assay was performed as described previously [26]. The binding and running buffers used were the same as in EMSA. DNA–protein interac- tion was ... radiolabeling and imaging techniques used in the present study. Hence they may not have visualized the multiple DNA–protein complexes observed in the pres- ent study. In addition, DNase I footprinting...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... conversations in a wide range of areas including clinical use, online video sharing ser- vices, and meeting capture and analysis. While it is straightforward to replay such recordings, find- ing information ... Working Papers in Linguistics, volume 44, pages 1–49. S. Banerjee and A. Rudnicky. 2006. Segmenting meet- ings into agenda items by extracting implicit supervi- sion from human note-taking. In ... approaches. The ASR transcripts used in this experiment are obtained using standard technol- ogy including HMM based acoustic modeling and N-gram based language models (Hain et al., 2005). The average...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... known CSI at low communication SNR levels. It is interesting to see that using more training symbols does not improve the performance of the MLE as expected, because inserting training symbols will ... discussed, inserting training symbols is a heuristic way to improve the performance. It is shown in the 25 Decentralized estimation over orthogonal multiple- access fading channels in wireless ... Furthermore, since the estimation quality of the first stage is available, we use BLUE to obtain ˆ θ for exploiting the quality information instead of using the MLE in the M-step as in the standard...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advances in Satellite Communications, ... capabilities. In addition, a satellite link engineer has to consider the constrains of the communication channel; so many radio frequency calculations are needed, these include link budget analysis, ... 1 Antennas in Satellite Communications Advances in Satellite Communications Edited by Masoumeh Karimi and Yuri Labrador Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... & King, 1979). As the wave velocities in a finite helix are hard to calculate, those calculated for the infinite Advances in Satellite Communications 10 The existence of multiple ... et al., 2006). In this chapter, we introduce a design of the helical antenna obtained by combining two methods to improve the radiation properties of this antenna; one is changing the pitch angle, ... lengths were varied in order to obtain a wider bandwidth with higher antenna gain. In (Skiljo et al., 2010) the axial mode bandwidth was examined by means of parameters defining the limits of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... for Satellite Communications in Ka-band 19 Fig. 14. Average intensity for the uplink in the beam radius at the transmitting antenna w 0 = 1.2 m normalized by the intensity on a beam axis in free ... (24) 34 Advances in Satellite Communications 12 Will-be-set-by -IN- TECH 3. Results 3.1 Modulus of complex degree of coherence 3.1.1 Uplink Substituting (24) and (27) into (30), the DOC at the GEO satellite in ... predict that the increase in BER is caused by the decrease in the average received intensity due to spot dancing shown in Fig. 1. 3.2.2 Downlink For the downlink, the decrease in the spatial coherence...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... original form. The original block of packets will be divided into individual packets according to the original size of each combined packet. After that, these individual packets are stored in ... Advances in Satellite Communications 76 Fig. 17. The packet drop rate distribution in Scenario 2. The proposed scheme succeeds in reducing the packet drop rate by 1 – 90 percent in Scenario ... scheme in satellite network topology is shown in Figure 10 below. As stated earlier, the main objective of this research study is to overcome the limitation and constraints of satellite communication...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... Satellite/ Terrestr ial Networks 21 LAN LAN Internet terrestre SsS Up-link Down-link Down-link Down-link Down-link Receiving path Receiving path Receiving path Receiving path Reaching path Return path Sr 1 Sr M Sr R Sr M-1 R 1 R M R M-1 R R Fig. ... makes it interesting in the context we are examining (Tommasi et al., 2009). One more reason of interest for the protocol is its capability to transmit information to users who can receive information ... transmission of a message M, replicating it in N packets. P i is the i-th reply in the N packets sequence. The delivery of a message is organized in two phases. During the Winding phase, the sender is restricted...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... capable in offering) real-time or nearly–real time response times for rapid information updating and Rapid Mapping activities and Surveillance including the “very urgent” imaging data downlink ... electrons incident angle, the surface material (typically aluminum), and the coating process applied to the metallic surfaces (e.g. silver-plating, alodine coating). In order to gain a physical insight ... advancements in aviation, sensor and imaging technologies, telemetry, data fusion and processing, and geo-information/value added products use. The authors are currently involved in assisting the integration...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20