motor learning and motor control

... 9:54 AM PART THREE Motor Learning and Motor Control Chapter Motor Learning and Motor Control 91 Introduction 91 Generality and Specificity .91 General Motor Ability ... Specific Motor Ability .94 Motor Control 95 Closed and Open Loop Motor Learning .96 Closed and Open Loop Studies .97 Dynamic and Exploratory Motor Learning ... of learning In addition, motor learning and motor control are the interconnected areas of study that provide the coordinative processes and mechanisms underlying the learning and acquiring of motor...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... using motorized transport in order to get to school or work) Transport and urban planning policies can ensure that walking, cycling and other forms of exercise are easy and safe, and address non-motorised ... Portugal and Italy report overweight and obesity levels exceeding 30% among children aged 7-11 The rates of the increase in childhood overweight and obesity vary, with England and Poland showing ... >30 are considered obese Data from Health Survey for England, which does not include data for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 15 EN Poland report) (self 1996 n/a 10.3 n/a n/a 12.4 n/a Portugal...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20

... weight, and exercise Combinations of oral agents and the use of oral agents plus insulin are often required and frequently constitute the standard of care With this foundation in place, and optimal ... Connections Burton E Sobel and David J Schneider Types of Diabetes and Their Implications Regarding Heart and Vascular Disease Harold E Lebovitz iii vii Recognition and Assessment of Insulin Resistance ... Hypertension, Diabetes, and the Heart Tevfic Ecder, Melinda L Hockensmith, Didem Korular, and Robert W Schrier 65 Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, and the Heart Henry N Ginsberg 85 The Coagulation and Fibrinolytic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... than the resistant individuals, and had normal fasting and post-glucose-challenge plasma glucose and insulin and mean plasma triglycerides of 1.50 mmol/L (133 mg/dL) and plasma HDL cholesterol of ... patients had lower BMI and waist circumference, lower plasma triglyceride and higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels and larger, more buoyant, LDL particles, and lower plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen ... on lipid and protein metabolism, endothelial function, and gene expression) and consists of a cluster of clinical disorders and biochemical abnormalities (6–10) The associated clinical and laboratory...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... serine protease inhibitor and binds to and inhibits t-PA and u-PA (urokinase plasminogen activator) Sources of PAI-1 include hepatocytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells ... a link between obesity and hypertension? Kidney Int 1993; 43:1402–1417 104 Hall JE, Brands MW, Zappe DH, Dixon WN, Mizelle HL, Reinhart GA, Hildebrandt DA Hemodynamic and renal responses to chronic ... population ages and as obesity and sedentary lifestyles become more prevalent The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension causes a very high risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... size, density, and function, they have been separated into major groupings related to their overall composition and/ or function (Table 1) Hundreds to thousands of triglyceride and cholesteryl ... diabetes Type Type Poorly controlled Well controlled Decreased LPL Increased postprandial triglycerides Impaired remnant removal Moderately reduced LPL Increased postprandial triglycerides Impaired ... hydrolyzed by LPL (activated by apo C-II and inhibited by apo C-III), generating smaller and denser VLDL remnants, and, subsequently IDL VLDL remnants and IDL particles are similar to chylomicron...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2), and activation of the phosphoinositol 3′ kinase (PI-3′-K) pathway On the other hand, cell growth and differentiation are regulated primarily by the SHC, GRB-2, and the MAP-kinase ... postprandial lipemia are highly correlated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, directly by unknown mechanisms, and indirectly by the ability of insulin resistance and/ or ... hypertriglyceridemia and CHD—the link between syndrome X and atherogenesis with the longest history The existence of an association between hypertriglyceridemia and CHD has been known for more than 40 years, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... Saad MF, Hamman RF Insulin sensitivity and abdominal obesity in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women The insulin resistance and atherosclerosis study Diabetes 1996; ... PCOS was derived from analyses of basal and postprandial insulin secretory responses in women with PCOS relative to weight-matched controls with normal androgen levels (25) The incremental insulin ... levels and activity of tPA and PAI-1, controlling net local fibrinolytic activity on the luminal surface of blood vessels The homeostatic balance prevents the development of thrombosis and vascular...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... patients out of ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma; (2) prevent symptoms of hyperglycemia (e.g., polyuria) and catabolism (fatigue, weight loss, and hyperphagia); and (3) prevent long-term complications ... demonstrated in several well-controlled clinical trials and is beyond question Whether good glycemic control has a beneficial effect on the risk of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations ... intensively managed patients Rates for all cardiovascular and peripheral events combined were 0.8 and 0.5 events per 100 patient-years in standard and intensive management groups Intensive management...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... normal growth and development rates for children and adolescents, and adequate calories and nutrients during catabolic stress, pregnancy, and lactation To prevent and treat the acute and chronic ... Northern New England (NNE) experience (33) and from the randomized BARI study (5,35) (From Ref 33.) tors such as LAD involvement, lesion length and complexity, number of lesions, and decreased LV ... female and to have more cardiac morbidity (prior MI, multilesion, multivessel, and diffuse coronary disease, and heart failure) and more comorbidity (renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... assigned randomly to stringent and comparable glycemic control with regimens that are either insulin-sensitizing (focusing on glitazones and metformin) or inulin-providing (focusing on insulin and ... Wadden TA Etiology and treatment of obesity: understanding a serious, prevalent, and refractory disorder J Consult Clin Psychol 1992;60:505–517 Foreyt JP Issues in the assessment and treatment of ... OF DIABETES Control of hyperglycemia retards progression of microvascular disease in both type and type diabetes Accordingly, stringent glycemic control is imperative Yet glycemic control exerts...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:20

... supervised by handing out a nutritional diary which was submitted at each of the further visits to the clinic After weeks the patients attended the clinic again and it is the lipid values and biometric ... study The presence of chd was assessed by medical records and/ or self-reported questionnaire and each case was validated by cardiac ultrasound and/ or electrocardiographic examinations or by coronary ... gene counting and compared using the ‫ ²א‬test The data was analysed using SPSS 12.0 software The association between the +294T/C polymorphism and serum lipids, coronary heart disease, and body mass...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 17:03

... acids, and stilbenes such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol, and triterpenoids such as ursolic acid and its esters, oleanic acid, alpha-amyrin and betaamyrin, steroidal, and iridoid ... health-care providers and patients and those in research, teaching, funding, and administration The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) has become the objective scientific standard for evaluating ... double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) since the research subjects are randomly allocated into the treatment group and a control group that receives placebo Appropriate randomization...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... based on recommendations from German and international expert societies (e1, 8, e4, e5, 13) and on longstanding experience in the treatment, sports advice, and care provided in sports activities ... child's experiences of perception and movement determine not only its physical and motor development but also crucially influence its emotional, psychosocial, and cognitive development (16, e7) ... peers means improved quality of life and has a strong social and socializing aspect for children and adolescents Being forbidden to participate in sports and/ or limitations to the extent to which...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 19:20

... focus on the roles of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF in obesity and related metabolic diseases, and discuss whether these ANGPTLs could be targets for the prevention and treatment of these conditions ... ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF in obesity and related metabolic diseases The expression of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF is induced in obese conditions ANGPTL2 induces chronic adipose tissue inflammation and ... 2992–3002 Handschin C & Spiegelman BM (2008) The role of exercise and PGC1a in inflammation and chronic disease Nature 454, 463–469 Reaven GM (2005) The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... Morphologically Right Ventricle Robert Anderson Morphologically Left Ventricle VENTRICULAR TOPOLOGY – Robert Anderson Right hand Left hand The Great Arterial Position • The viscera and atria: The types of visceroatrial ... Segmental Approach of Anderson Atrial arrangement, Atrioventricular connections, and Ventriculoarterial connections Atrial Arrangement Robert Anderson Atrioventricular Connections Robert Anderson Atrioventricular ... Controversies and Challenges Facing Paediatric Cardiovascular Practitioners and their Patients, Jacobs JP, Wernovsky G, Gaynor JW, and Anderson RH, editors Cardiology in the Young, Volume 17, Supplement...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... prevalence of RF and RHD and the mortality rates varied widely between countries and between population groups in the same country, such as between Maoris and non-Maoris in New Zealand, Samoans and Chinese ... the hands, feet and face are most evident Facial movements include grimaces, grins and frowns When the tongue is protruded it resembles a “bag of worms,” and speech is jerky and staccato Handwriting ... production, opsonization and phagocytosis The role of environmental factors in RF and RHD Secular trends in RF and RHD over the last one -and- a-half centuries, in both the developed and developing countries,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... burden of ARF and RHD The highest documented rates in the world are found in Aboriginal Australians, and Maori and Pacific Islander people in New Zealand and Pacific Overview Island nations The ... incidence, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients are more likely than non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients to have ARF affluent and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations ... Australia The review covers diagnosis and management of ARF, secondary prevention and RHD control programs, and diagnosis and management of chronic RHD DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... healthcare; and provide nutritious food and drinking water Pre-natal and post-natal healthcare will also be provided to mothers, and parents and children will be informed and educated on health and nutrition ... physical and mental well-being and general quality of life It promotes healthy growth and development, prevents disease and unhealthy weight gain, and also improves social connectedness and societal ... attempts to connect and support clinicians and others interested in RF and RHD control A members’ discussion forum has been developed to link clinicians and specialists around the world and facilitate...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... Obesity and Air Pollution diagnosis, and pathogenesis of pediatric NAFLD, as well as the possible associations with obesity and air pollution, which are the adverse effects of urbanization and globalization ... associations between insulin resistance and NAFLD, and similar risk factors and protective factors for these interrelated disorders Waist circumference and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein ... in the near future Studying the underlying mechanisms and broadening efforts to prevent and control the main universal risk factors, obesity and air pollution, which have broad adverse health effects,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20