mitochondrial dna mtdna and hair analysis

... and acts as a promoter for both the heavy and light strands of the mtDNA, and contains essential transcription and replication elements The D-loop region is a hot spot for mtDNA alterations and ... in both the mtDNA control and coding regions Approximately half of the patients had heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations The human mtDNA is a double stranded circular molecule of 16569 bp and contains ... suspended in PBS and AGS mtDNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions PCR amplification, sequencing and comparison of various mtDNA segments The primers for mtDNA D-Loop...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... Mutations in mitochondrial genes encoded by both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA have been implicated in a wide range of degenerative diseases MtDNA base substitution and rearrangement ... deleterious mtDNA or nDNA mutations in a mitochondrial gene and (2) the age-related accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations, causing mitochondrial decline, increased ROS production, and apoptosis ... closed circular, 16,569 base pairs (bp) mtDNA The mtDNA also codes for the 12S and 16S rRNAs and 22 tRNAs necessary for mitochondrial protein synthesis The 13 mtDNA polypeptides include (ND1, 2, 3,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:51

... nuclear genes responsible for mtDNA biogenesis and the maintenance of mtDNA integrity may cause mtDNA defects secondary to nuclear gene mutations Chapter focuses on mitochondrial disorders caused ... that determine the diagnosis of a primary mtDNA disorder Key words: Mitochondrial DNA mutations, Electron transport chain, Heteroplasmy, MtDNA deletion, MtDNA depletion Introduction Mitochondria ... mutations in mtDNA- encoded transfer RNAs or ribosomal RNAs, or due to arrangements or depletion of mtDNA (10) Both heritable and sporadic (new mutation) forms of mtDNA mutations occur, and mutations...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 17:32

... archeology and molecular biology but there is mitochondrial DNA in all animals and plants and this DNA can be extracted and used to answer many historical questions Sica et al extracted mtDNA from ... plus strand and a minus strand based upon gene transcription (remember, the mitochondrial genome is circular) and, while the majority of mitochondrial genes are transcribed on the plus strand, some ... adapted from [12] Mitochondrial DNA and Recent Human History Mitochondrial DNA is unique, it is only passed on from your mother and it is passed on intact By contrast, your nuclear DNA is a mixture...

Ngày tải lên: 14/06/2016, 17:18

... ismaxiPhylogeneticandthe 2for Figureand haplogroupandAsian mtDNA sequences for pigs 1in in identified A sequencetreeofAfor tablegeographic mtDNAclassification C samples.the classificationS1study mtDNAs motif119 ... network of domestic pig and wild boar mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroup D1 based on the sequence variation of control region and coding region fragments The mtDNA control region ... genetic Classification treeand42 the complete42analyzedboar andmtDNA informationhypotheticalare phylogeographic distributionfor haploSampleareissamplesmaximummtDNAs 722 of mtDNAdetection DClickPresentedanalyzed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... Mitochondrial complex IV assembly M Lazarou et al drial DNA (mtDNA) The remaining 10 subunits are encoded by the nuclear genome, and, like other proteins, must ... BN-PAGE 0.65% DDM A kDa and human disease, and also to assess the possible involvement of Surf1 in the formation and assembly of the LSI complex BN-PAGE and western blot analysis of mitochondria ... CA, USA) and cloned into pGEM-4Z (Promega, Madison, WI) The cDNA encoding Cox13p (accession number NP_011324) was amplified by PCR from a yeast genomic DNA library and cloned into pGEM-4Z Mitochondrial...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... GR, SOD, catalase and GST) were characterized on three human tumour cell lines, with (q+) and without (q0) mtDNA GSH concentration was significantly decreased in all three mtDNA depleted cell ... In musclederived cell lines mtDNA ablation reduced the expression and protein amount of mitochondrial MnSOD but not of cytosolic CuZnSOD (Figs and 5) Densitometric analysis of Western blot was ... catalase and GPx activity, depletion of mtDNA diminished SOD and GST activities in boneand muscle-derived q0 cells but not in lung-derived q0 cells (Figs 3–6), where SOD (Figs 3–5) and GST (Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... (A) and I50K–HAKN1 (B) bound to their preferred binding sites After binding and hydroxyl radical attack, free (F) and bound (B) DNA were separated and analysed The left and right panels in (A) and ... end of either strand (HindIII or XbaI sites) and subjected to hydroxyl radical attack either after (A) or before (B) HAKN1 binding Free (F) and bound (B) DNA were separated and analysed A portion ... HAKN1 DNA interaction Based on the analysis of the binding of wild-type and mutant HAKN1 homeodomains to different DNA target sites, we propose a model for the interaction of HAKN1 with DNA A...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... interactions between mtDNA repair and degradation pathways ROS induce both single-strand and double-strand breaks in mtDNA, as well as abasic (AP) sites and base damage Both base damage and AP sites ... production, leading to a ‘vicious cycle’ of ROS production and mtDNA mutations mtDNA + ROS = Aging? l mtDNA mutations, ROS production and cellular damage by ROS eventually reach levels that are ... on mtDNA A cell can lose a substantial fraction of its mtDNA molecules without detriment The lost mtDNA molecules can then be replenished by replication Furthermore, because replication of mtDNA...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... Chromosome I: b II: mtDNA insertion in region c III: e IV: a, c I: b, c, d, e II: b, mtDNA insertion in region c III: e IV: a, c V: a, b, c I: a, b, c, d, e II: b, d, e, mtDNA insertion III: a, ... preference and amino acid usage are calculated for genes in each isochore and chromosome Table lists the results for the NOR and the mitochondrial DNA insertion isochore in chromosome II and the ... and chromosomes are listed in supplementary Tables S1 and S2 Table shows that the genes in NOR prefer amino acids encoded by GC-rich codons and GC-ending synonymous codons The mitochondrial DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... SEQUENCE ANALYSIS A primary objective of DNA sequence analysis is to automatically interpret DNA sequences and provide the location and function of protein coding regions Methods to locate genes, and ... explained in [36] Spectral and wavelet analyses of symbolic sequences are explained and applied to DNA sequences, and results are presented for “pseudo DNA sequences and E Coli DNA Concepts from digital ... series of studies on the use of correlation in DNA analysis is also given in [9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18] Other methods for DNA analysis include DNA walk [24] and Markov chains of various orders Observed...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... presence of contaminating DNA in the PCR reagents and other components In addition, mtDNA could be amplified from mtDNA- negative samples to which small amounts of purified mtDNA had been added, confirming ... of mtDNA in the SF also tended to have significant levels of mtDNA in their bloodstream (Fig 3, category I) In contrast, patients who lacked detectable free mtDNA in their SF usually lacked mtDNA ... possible and apoptotic mechanisms are induced Although both nDNA and mtDNA undergo oxidative damage [4], it is intriguing to note, first, that mtDNA incurs far higher freeradical damage than nDNA...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... maintenance of mtDNA As expected, this group includes several components known to be involved in mtDNA metabolism: the mtDNA polymerase Mip1 [22]; mtDNA helicases Hmi1 [23] and Pif1 [24]; Apn1, a DNA repair ... and assembly of respiratory chain subunits, proteins required for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance, mitochondrial RNA and protein synthesis, and components of the machinery determining mitochondrial ... Rrg8, and Rrg9 play an important role in maintenance of mtDNA Immediate and complete loss of mtDNA after cytoduction in the Δrrg5 mutant indicates an essential role of Rrg5 for maintenance of mtDNA...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... investigate both the genetic diversity between the subspecies and their intra-population polymorphism using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a probe MtDNA is indeed a useful tool : it is a well characterized ... Hind III digested DNA (S ANGER et al., 1982) and Hinc II digested OX174 RF DNA (S al., 1977) were used ANGER et as molecular weight standards for calibration = E Analysis of DNA bands in electrophoresis ... digestions and by mapping Z2 mtDNA is larger than the mtDNAs from the other animals by some 300 bp This sequence is localized in the variable region of the genome (see fig lb) to digest B mtDNA cleavage...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... phosphorylation (ATP6, COX1, COX3, CYTB, ND1, and ND2), in which three are relevant to mitochondrial dysfunction Because the expressions of DNA repair and mtDNAencoded genes were found downregulated, ... category included ATPase/ ATPase domain-containing genes and two excision repair cross-complementing genes (ERCC2, ERCC5) Six mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) -encoded genes - including ATP synthase (ATP6), ... six are mtDNAencoded genes (ATP6, COX1, COX3, CYTB, ND1, and ND2) that also function in oxidative phosphorylation, where defects in three of them (COX1, COX3, and CYTB) also lead to mitochondrial...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:23

... annotations and to look for missing proteins (see Materials and methods); Additional data file provides a table list- ing all putative DNA replication proteins identified and used in our analysis DNA ... (that is, these DNA replication factors are heteromultimeric proteins), including RFC (RFC-s and RFC-l), primase (PriS and PriL), the PolD holoenzyme (DP1 and DP2), and Topo VI (A and B subunits) ... Interactions between DNA replication and DNA repair In the course of this analysis, we detected many genomic associations of DNA replication genes with genes coding for archaeal homologs of DNA repair/recombination...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... albicans and fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, and metazoans such as Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, are longer and more complex and exhibit ... hierarchical relationship with respect to DNA and MT-binding proteins: linker proteins require DNA binding proteins, and possibly also other linker proteins, for CEN DNA binding but not MTs or MT-associated ... with 46%, 87% and 33% similarity and hsChl4R shares conserved blocks of 20 and 50 amino acids with 45% and 40% similarity (Figure 5) The potential human orthologs of S pombe Fta1 and Sim4 were...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... al., 2001) and prostate (Ouyang, et al., 2002) cancers ID1, ID2 and ID3 had all been found in head and neck (Langlands, et al., 2000), colorectal (Wilson, et al., 2001), astrocytic (Vandeputte, ... the HLH that binds DNA and initiates transcription They tend to exist as dimers and have key roles in the regulation of developmental events such as cell lineage determination and differentiation ... et al., 1993) and Max (Blackwood, et al., 1991) Class V contained the inhibitors of Class I and II proteins such as ID (Benezra, et al., 1990) and Class VI contained proteins like Hairy (Klambt,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:20

... acid mix containing 100 mg K, F, and T; 50 mg I, L, and V, and 60 mg Se-Met per liter was added and mixed for 10 at 37°C The culture was induced with 0.4mM IPTG and allowed to grow at 18°C for ... Description HLH _DNA- bd HLH _DNA- bd HLH _DNA- bd Ascession SSF47459 PS50888 SM00353 PF00010 To avoid degradation via the D-box and increase stability but include minimally the HLH and some surrounding ... structure of ID2 and look at similarities and differences to other HLH-containing proteins including ID3 ! 20! 4) Determine differences in binding between ID1, ID2 and ID3 to E47, MyoD and MASH1 through...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:20

... dispense the screening solutions and protein at 200 nl volumes This enabled many different screens from both Qiagen and Hampton Research to be tested HLH24-82-L was screened and the best hit was found ... affinity tag (lane 4) ! 37! Figure continued: (G) N-HLH82-L expression and purification SDS-PAGE: marker (lane 1), pooled affinity and desalting chromatography fractions before TEV (lane 2), TEV cleaved ... 38! 3.3 Protein Identification The purified samples were excised from the gel and analyzed by Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for peptide mass fingerprinting Searches...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:20