... focus on the performanceof MBR decodingfor the BLEU score on varioustranslation tasks.3 Implementation of MinimumBayes Risk Decodingfor the BLEU Score3.1 Bayes Decision RuleIn statistical ... Association for Computational Linguistics Minimum BayesRiskDecodingfor BLEU Nicola Ehling and Richard Zens and Hermann NeyHuman Language Technology and Pattern RecognitionLehrstuhl f¨ur Informatik ... Byrne. 2003. Minimum bayes- risk automaticspeech recognition. Pattern Recognition in Speech and Lan-guage Processing.S. Kumar and W. Byrne. 2004. Minimum bayes- risk decod-ing for statistical...
... Performance from best single system max-derivation decoding (Best MAX), the best single system minimum Bayesriskdecoding (Best MBR) and mini-mum Bayesrisk system combination (MBR-SC) combin-ing ... 2010 OrganizingCommittee.Nicola Ehling, Richard Zens, and Hermann Ney. 2007. Minimum bayesriskdecodingfor bleu. In Proceed-ings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL on Inter-active Poster ... pages 177–180, Morristown, NJ, USA. Association for Computa-tional Linguistics.Shankar Kumar and William J. Byrne. 2004. Minimum bayes- riskdecodingfor statistical machine translation.In HLT-NAACL,...
... Development Expenditures -Project appraisal and risk management for the public sectorCao Hao Thi 1PROJECT APPRAISAL AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAO HAO THII. THE ROLE OF ... the risks zTo determine how to reduce risks and efficiently share risks Fulbright Economics Teaching Program, 2004-2005 The Appraisal of Development Expenditures -Project appraisal and risk ... Development Expenditures -Project appraisal and risk management for the public sectorCao Hao Thi 6OUTPUT OF MODULE–Forecast of quantities and prices for life of project –Taxes, tariffs, subsidies,...
... "C" was very low risk and high reward but you had to be trading at or near the open to get that low risk short entry which was true for all the gap entries for the week. The key ... not for the novice trader". That is not exactly what we say at Online Trading Academy. What we say is that the open is not for the novice trader. It is, however, a fantastic opportunity for ... direction. As an educator, I say that is unfortunate. As a trader, I love it - the more noise the better! For those interested in learning and applying this information in the powerful futures markets,...
... in loss of information while the organization is focused on solvingperformance problems.• Individual risk management efforts in one area may expose compliance risk in another if risk management ... involves real-time information and proactive intelligence on securityIT Risk Management for Financial Services:An Essential Strategy for Business Success10IT Risk Management for Financial Services:An ... consistentIT Risk Management for Financial Services:An Essential Strategy for Business Success8WHITE PAPER: ENTERPRISE SECURITYIT Risk Management for Financial ServicesAn Essential Strategy for...
... 92(8):1331-7.16. Wallman S: Risk, STD and HIV Infection in Kampala. Health, Risk & Society 2000, 2(2):189-203.17. Ukwuani FA, Tsui AO, Suchindran CM: Condom use for prevent-ing HIV infection/AIDS ... attitudes about sexuality (for example, menhave the right to sex with their girlfriends if they buy them gifts) and negative attitudes about sexualviolence (for example, forcing your partner to ... not for citation purposes)Total household income per monthDid household have enough food in the last weekWas the respondent alone or was someone listeningHIV risk Do you think you are at risk...
... benchmark risk and active management risk (Chow and Kritzman, 2001). Risk budgeting could also be seen as a technique for tracking the risk per unit of return.Strategic asset allocation for foreign ... strategies that minimise exchange rate28 Cardon and Coche RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CENTRAL BANK FOREIGN RESERVES RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CENTRAL BANK FOREIGN RESERVESEUROPEAN CENTRAL BANKEDITORS:CARLOS ... violatesmany of the concepts of modern portfolio risk management.A better approach is to set a risk target or upper bound estimated risk limit for the total risk of the currency portfolio based on some...
... that it allows for a consistent formatacross a variety of risk analysis methods. (See pp. 81–86.)4 Impossible Certainty: Cost Risk Analysis for Air Force Systems Risk Assessment Risk assessment, ... 1Overview of General Risk Analysis 1History of General Risk Analysis 2The Components of Risk Analysis 3 Risk Assessment 4 Risk Management 4 Risk Communication 5Uncertainty and Risk in Cost Estimation ... and Nathan Tranquilli for his research and administrativeassistance.18 Impossible Certainty: Cost Risk Analysis for Air Force SystemsTask 6: Considerations for a Cost Risk PolicyThis task...
... integer variable for each pair of hotelsFast Decoding and Optimal Decodingfor Machine TranslationUlrich Germann , Michael Jahr , Kevin Knight , Daniel Marcu , and Kenji YamadaInformation Sciences ... Southern California Stanford University4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edugermann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.eduAbstractA good decoding ... transformed into a de-coding problem instance, Model 4 decoding isprovably NP-complete in the length of f. It isinteresting to consider the reverse direction—isit possible to transform a decoding...
... ofrisks across risk categories (e.g., financial risk, market risk, operaƟonal risk, reputaƟon risk, etc.)ExisƟng Risk Profile•The maximum risk a firm may bear andremain solvent Risk Capacity•Acceptable ... enterprise risk consideraƟon to risk Strengthening Enterprise Risk Management for Strategic Advantage14III. Review lio of Risks in Relation to Risk Appetite By deϐinition, Portfoenterprise risk ... around specific objecƟves Risk Tolerance•What is the desired risk / return levelDesired Level of Risk DeterminaƟon of Risk Appe�teStrengthening Enterprise Risk Management for Strategic Advantage19Conclusions...
... been proposed for speeding up decoding. Tsuruoka and Tsujii (2005)proposed easiest-first deterministic decoding. Sid-diqi and Moore (2005) presented the parameter ty-ing approach for fast inference ... the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 485–494,Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010.c2010 Association for Computational LinguisticsEfficient Staggered Decodingfor Sequence LabelingNobuhiro ... average decoding speed (sentences/sec) to two significantdigits over five trials. To strictly measure the timespent for decoding, we ignored the preprocessingtime, that is, the time for loading...
... Franz Och. 2009. Efficient Minimum Error Rate Training and Minimum Bayes- RiskDecodingfor Translation Hypergraphs and Lattices. In Proceed-ings of the Association for Computational Linguis-tics, ... end for 12: end for 13: for each hypothesis do 14: compute HM decoding features for 15: add to 16: end for 17: for ... mixture decoding (HM decoding) , a new decoding scheme that performs translation reconstruction using hypo-theses generated by multiple translation systems. HM decoding involves two decoding...
... Cohesive Decoding This section describes a modification to standardphrase-based decoding, so that the system is con-strained to produce only cohesive output. This willtake the form of a check performed ... pro-vide detailed results for only the soft constraint.4.2 Automatic EvaluationWe first present our soft cohesion constraint’s ef-fect on BLEU score (Papineni et al., 2002) for bothour dev-test ... Its BLEU scores are very similar, with lex-77Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, pages 72–80,Columbus, Ohio, USA, June 2008.c2008 Association for Computational LinguisticsCohesive Phrase-based Decoding...
... kinds of risk analyses. While NASA has pioneered various methods in risk analysis,the interviewees all indicated that the application of these methods toproject risk was not uniform, at a minimum. 58 ... related components.Performance Risk Unlike schedule and cost risk analysis, where the methodologies arelargely generic across all project types, methods of performance risk analysis tend to ... systems.There have been some efforts at constructing quantitative estimatesof performance riskfor aerospace systems, using physical relationshipsbetween performance parameters.14 However,...
... 10.1.1 The Model 202 10.1.2 Computational Option Pricing Formula for the One-Period Model 206 Probability tools 21 For the principal parameters we will use the following notation: ... normal; -the multi-dimensional normal distribution is stable under linear transformations of X; SEMI-MARKOV RISK MODELS FOR FINANCE, INSURANCE AND RELIABILITY Probability tools ... that for every fixed (x,y): (, ) (, , , ) ( , ),fxy x y xy x y Px X x xy Y y yοΔΔ + Δ Δ = < ≤ +Δ < ≤ +Δ (6.74) where ( , , , ) 0xy x yοΔΔ→ for ( , ) (0,0)xyΔΔ→ and similarly for...