methods used in molecular epidemiology of ptlvs

... Discrepancies in data extraction occurred in cases regarding methods used for assessing ADEs’, in cases regarding ‘sample size’, and cases regarding ‘duration of follow-up’ These discrepancies were often ... diaries; 4) administrative data, making use of diagnostic codes related to possible ADEs in administrative or claims data; 5) laboratory or clinical values indicating ADEs, including results of laboratory ... the broadest range of ADE categories Patient survey methods were used in 22% of the studies, and often focused on a limited range of ADEs, such as hypoglycaemia or gastrointestinal ADEs The patient...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... Molecular epidemiology of TB – Applications and achievements 1.3.1 Definition of molecular epidemiology of TB Molecular epidemiology is a field that has emerged from the integration of molecular ... at molecular level 1.3.2 The development history of molecular epidemiology of TB M tuberculosisgenotyping has been applied since the 90s of the last century At the beginning it was used for investigations ... applications of control measures 1.3.3 Applications and achievements in molecular epidemiology of TB 1.3.3.1 ControlTB bymolecular epidemiology of TB :Molecular epidemiology of TB provides information...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 13:57

... Amikacin Ampicillin Cefazolin Cephalexin Cephotaxime Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Clindamycin Co-trimoxazoled Fusidic acid Gentamicin Imipenem Methicilline Penicillin G Rifampin Roxithromycin Tetracycline ... introduction of methicillin into clinical practice Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was initially identified for the first time in 1961 by Jevons [25,26] Since then strains of methicillin-resistant ... epidemiology of clinical and carrier staphylococci and molecular studies of their acquisition and dissemination of resistance in a hospital setting in northern India Materials and methods The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:20

... between strains and is an important tool in the investigation of the spread of infectious diseases [4] Such molecular fingerprinting methods to compare strains can provide useful information ... Line Cellulitis Pneumonia Line Line Febrile neutropenia Line-related abscess Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Y Y N N N N Y Y N N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Y N N Y Recovered ... Bowel carcinoma Prematurity Osteosarcoma NHL Breast carcinoma ALL ALL AML ALL End Stage Renal Failure AML ALL ALL NHL Line Line Line Line Line Line Line Cellulitis Pneumonia Line Line Febrile...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:20

... EU034714] obtained from a sample of swine serum in eastern China during the same period, suggesting that the isolates had a common origin [13] To date, a total of nine subtype 4i HEV strains identified ... and its neighboring provinces, the epidemiology of HEV infections within the municipality, a major industrial and commercial center, deserves closer attention Findings A total of 65 sequences, ... 201106, China Aff2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China Aff3 Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China Aff4 Center for Molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:22

... was introduced into Korea around 1991 (K91P55 strain) or 1994 (K94P05 strain) [14,15,27] Interestingly, this genotype change was also reported in Japan in 1991 [12,23], in China in 1979 [13], in ... isolated in China, Japan, India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam between the 1930 s and the early 1990 s Another 10 Korean strains clustered in genotype 1, together with strains isolated in China, ... Moreover, in an analysis of Flavivirus recombination, K82P01 and K91P55 appeared to be putative recombinant strains derived from genotype and strains [24] When we analyzed the two strains using the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... (Table 1) Multiple samples, originating from one to three sampling points, were included from nine sites The sampling point(s) at each site varied in time, ranging from two months post seawater ... was included in the analysis All sequence analyses and editing was carried out with the aid of the MEGA4 software [26] After editing, 13 sequences contained a 1209 bp fragment corresponding to ... sequencing work and the drafting of the manuscript IM participated in the planning of the study and the sequencing work JB performed the phylogenetic analyses All authors read and approved the final...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... first finding is incidence of HCV genotypes that confirms the 36 P value NS NS findings of another study from this country [23] The second important finding of the study was the isolation of 27% ... persons used non-disposable syringes for injections attended a number of patients in the past Mass vaccination in the recent past in which un-sterilized syringes were used might have enhanced the infection ... (KPK) of Pakistan Therefore, this study was initiated to find out the molecular epidemiology of various HCV genotypes and subtypes present in KPK region of Pakistan and further to find out linked...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... to infants is not an important route of HBV transmission in India [55,56] The peaking of infection rates in adulthood in Indian population also suggests a close relationship of acquisition of infection ... part of India It was thus interesting to determine the routes of introduction of this south East Asian strain of HBV (Cs/C1), using molecular evolutionary techniques The simultaneous presence of ... resulting in a specific guanine to thymine transversion mutation in the third nucleotide position of codon 249 (AGG to AGT, leading to an arginine-to-serine substitution) in the p53 protein [36]...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... two include the substitution of methionine (M) by the amino acids isoleucine (I) or valine (V) in the YMDD motif (C domain) at position rtM204V/I In the majority of cases, these mutations in the ... divided into genotypic assays and phenotypic methods The former detect changes in the HBV genomic sequence in the course of treatment In addition, indirect measures of lamivudine resistance including ... including determination of ALT values, and especially HBV DNA (viral load) assays are routinely used in the clinic A comparison of these methods is presented in Table (1) Genotyping Methods Direct...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:41

... often used other kinds of activities such as interviewing, discussing, and problem solving and decision-making because they were afraid of making noise In fact, I want to create a funny and interesting ... researcher wants to investigate the use of group work in teaching speaking of English major students with a focus on the process of group work organization in hope of finding information which ... main stages: setting up (organizing the pairs and group/ giving instructions), monitoring (listening to the pairs/ groups during the activity and guiding / giving support/ making notes) and winding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50

... created by the interior organization of the shop; - the manner of selling: sales methods In a synthetic manner, the cardinal points of merchandising may be considered the ones in figure 2: 132 ... using all that could be more attractive: conditioning and presentation, fractionation, packing, exposure and display of products in a certain place reserved for a certain type of sale Promoting ... especially in the case of staple products and the long use ones The Right Price Merchandising involves a certain view characterized by the following defining elements [5]: Merchandising - modern...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:20

... Data Processing and Statistical Analysis The preprocessing of data that included averaging of technical repeats, interpolation of missing or non-aligned points, binning of neighboring points to reduce ... resolution of the analyzer operating in the linear mode or might result in overlapping of ions originating from protein/ peptides of very similar molecular masses In addition, because of technological ... examined using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry) and compared with corresponding levels in a group of healthy donors (Table 4) We observed that the level of osteopontin was markedly increased in plasma...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... minimum activating agent consumption This leads a minor consumption of chemical compounds and a better elimination of the excess during the carbon washing process The effect of the increase in ... preparation of activated carbons in terms of avoiding the washing procedure involved in the chemical activation and the pollution caused by this procedure Precursors Cork waste Vine shoot Mixture of apricot ... from 2000 to 2010 The obtained carbons were mainly employed in the removal of water pollutants In the present chapter the principal methods used in the preparation of activated carbons from lignocellulosic...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... Initially, Inc typing relied on introduction of a plasmid into a strain carrying another plasmid and determining whether both plasmids were stably maintained in the progeny However, physical Inc typing ... contained herein Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The development and rapid implementation of molecular genotyping methods ... Since plasmid replicon type determines Inc group, the terms Inc and Rep type to describe plasmid types are used interchangeably (1) Initially, Inc typing relied on introduction of a plasmid into...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 02:20

... would become more feasible and meaningful The making of assumptions, which are used as the basis for obtaining the intrinsic physical properties, is inevitable Knowing what assumptions were made ... results This in turn will promote better understanding of the assumptions and factors involved, which leads to the development of new approaches Instead of using ‘signal intensity’, a number of papers ... trying to interpret the data and look for correlations The success of quantitative ultrasound for bone mineral density assessment should be attributed in part to its direct measurement of intrinsic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... would become more feasible and meaningful The making of assumptions, which are used as the basis for obtaining the intrinsic physical properties, is inevitable Knowing what assumptions were made ... results This in turn will promote better understanding of the assumptions and factors involved, which leads to the development of new approaches Instead of using ‘signal intensity’, a number of papers ... trying to interpret the data and look for correlations The success of quantitative ultrasound for bone mineral density assessment should be attributed in part to its direct measurement of intrinsic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... for instance, fat is obtained from of the 14 animals (including A paca) used for medicinal purposes by the Tsimanộ Amerindians [55] In India, fat is used in medicinal preparations for treating ... animal to drink to treat intestinal worms Mixtures of milk and mastruz are also used as ointments for treating fractures in animals Animals were used for treating 30 diseases or conditions in livestock ... traditional veterinary and human medicine in the Chaco in northwestern Argentina, with 60% of the ethnoveterinary therapeutic plants having identical uses in human medicinal therapy The use of folk remedies...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:22