mechanical properties of structural materials

... and 2.8(f) These may be thought of as the absence of a plane of atoms (intrinsic stacking faults) or the insertion of rows of atoms that disturb the arrangement of atoms (extrinsic stacking faults) ... time-dependent flow of materials at temperatures greater than $0.3–0.5 of the melting temperature in degrees Kelvin Also, the activation energy, Q, in Eq (2.10) is indicative of the actual mechanism of diffusion, ... approximately 0.3–0.5 of the melting temperature in degrees Kelvin Since the evolution of microstructure is often controlled by diffusion processes, a brief introduction to elementary aspects of diffusion...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 00:15

... of the mechanical properties of materials It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabilities of ... Inc 1 Overview of Crystal/Defect Structure and Mechanical Properties and Behavior 1.1 INTRODUCTION The mechanical behavior of materials describes the response of materials to mechanical loads ... macroscopic level of understanding of structure [Figs 16(a)–(d)] They are often unaware of the atomic and microstructural constituents that can affect the mechanical behavior of materials and of the role...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 00:15

... of the mechanical properties of materials It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabilities of ... Inc 1 Overview of Crystal/Defect Structure and Mechanical Properties and Behavior 1.1 INTRODUCTION The mechanical behavior of materials describes the response of materials to mechanical loads ... macroscopic level of understanding of structure [Figs 16(a)–(d)] They are often unaware of the atomic and microstructural constituents that can affect the mechanical behavior of materials and of the role...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 17:44

... 32 Table 3–5 Summary of mechanical properties and chemical compositions for steels from low-strength perimeter columns 40 Table 3–6 Summary of mechanical properties and chemical ... Summary of mechanical properties, chemical compositions, and relevant ASTM and Yawata specifications for steels from high-strength perimeter columns 45 Table 3–8 Summary of mechanical properties ... 57 Table 3–11 Summary of mechanical properties and chemical compositions, and specifications for truss steels tested 58 Table 3–12 Summary of mechanical properties, chemical compositions...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... overview of the basic understanding of the mechanical properties of these materials A number of techniques have surfaced over the years for producing nanostructured materials, but most of them ... A great deal of the early work on mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials used the inert gas condensation technique One shortcoming is the possibility of contamination of powders and ... Earlier results have shown that the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials can be misinterpreted because of the lack of attention to the details of the internal structure [62] As mentioned...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... of the mechanical properties of materials It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabilities of ... Inc 1 Overview of Crystal/Defect Structure and Mechanical Properties and Behavior 1.1 INTRODUCTION The mechanical behavior of materials describes the response of materials to mechanical loads ... macroscopic level of understanding of structure [Figs 16(a)–(d)] They are often unaware of the atomic and microstructural constituents that can affect the mechanical behavior of materials and of the role...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 15:20

... of the mechanical properties of materials It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the different aspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabilities of ... classes of materials Following a brief introduction to materials science and basic strength of materials, the fundamentals of elasticity and plasticity are presented, prior to a discussion of strengthening ... understanding of the basic concepts that govern the mechanical properties of materials To ensure a wide audience, I have assumed only a basic knowledge of algebra and calculus in the presentation of mathematical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... macroscopic level of understanding of structure [Figs 16(a)–(d)] They are often unaware of the atomic and microstructural constituents that can affect the mechanical behavior of materials and of the role ... treatment of the fundamentals of the mechanical behavior of materials The text provides a rigorous review of the fundamental mechanics aspects of the mechanical behavior of materials Shackleford, J ... introduction to the structure of materials has been presented in this chapter Following a review of the structure of crystalline and amorphous materials, the different classes of materials (metals, polymers,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... transformations Finally, an overview of the mechanical behavior of materials was presented Mechanical behavior was introduced as the simple response of materials to mechanical loads Material response ... and 2.8(f) These may be thought of as the absence of a plane of atoms (intrinsic stacking faults) or the insertion of rows of atoms that disturb the arrangement of atoms (extrinsic stacking faults) ... OVERVIEW OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR The mechanical behavior of materials depends on their response to loads, temperature, and the environment In several practical problems, the combined effects of these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... invariant of the stress tensor can be obtained from the algebraic sum of the cofactors of the three terms in any of the three rows or columns of the stress tensor This gives the same value of I2 ... Courtney, T H (1990) Mechanical Behavior of Materials, McGraw-Hill, New York Dieter, G E (1986) Mechanical Metallurgy 3rd ed McGraw-Hill, New York Dowling, N (1993) Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Prentice ... calculation of stresses and strains in many practical problems Nevertheless, the reader should retain a picture of the generalized state of stress on an element, as we develop the basic concepts of mechanical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... the mechanical properties of ceramics are often limited to elastic properties Furthermore, most ceramists report flexural properties obtained under three- or four-point bending Typical strength properties ... Alloys Institute of Metals, London, p Courtney, T (1990) Mechanical Behavior of Materials McGraw-Hill, New York Hertzberg, R W (1996) Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials 4th ... that the offset strain level is simply an arbitrary number selected by a group of experts with a considerable amount of combined experience in the area of tensile testing Above the offset yield...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Cottrell, A.H (1957) The Properties of Materials at High Rates of Strain Institute of Mechanical Engineering, London, UK Courtney, T.H (1990) Mechanical Behavior of Materials, John Wiley, New ... motion of edge dislocation to the right; (d) formation of step of Burgers vector when dislocation reaches the edge of the crystal Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc FIGURE 6.10 Variation of (a) ... theoretical shear strength of a solid ðG=2Þ, we may estimate the size of the dislocation core by introducing a cut-off at the point where z $ G=2 This gives an estimate of the size of the dislocation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... of yielding and strain aging of iron Proc Phys Soc vol A62, pp 49–62 Courtney, T.H (1990) Mechanical Behavior of Materials McGraw-Hill, New York Dash, W.C (1957) Dislocations and Mechanical Properties ... presence of stress gradients, e.g., near grain boundaries The total number of GNDs is given simply by 2l=b The density of GNDs, G , may also be expressed as the ratio of the number of GNDs divided ... 10, pp 853–863 Madou, M (1997) Fundamentals of Microfabrication CRC Press, New York McClintock, F.A and Argon, A (eds) (1966) Mechanical Behavior of Materials Addison Wesley, MA Mindlin, R.D (1965)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... can move on beyond the cluster of obstacles (note that <  < 1808Þ The angle, , is a measure of the strength of the obstacle, with weak obstacles having values of  close to 1808, and strong ... number of intersections is close to the square root of the number of particles that intersect a random plane The critical stress, c , required for a dislocation to break away from a cluster of obstacles ... also provide a qualitative understanding of the ways in which obstacles of different types can affect a range of strengthening levels in crystalline materials 8.3 SOLID SOLUTION STRENGTHENING...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... between those of the matrix and reinforcement materials Similarly, intermediate values of modulus and other mechanical/ physical properties can be achieved by the use of composite materials The ... accommodation of strain during mechanical loading or thermal cycling Composite properties are also controlled by the selection of constituents with the appropriate mix of mechanical and physical properties ... weight is often of importance in a large number of structural applications, especially in transportation vehicles such as cars, boats, airplanes, etc., specific mechanical properties are often considered...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... interfaces of practical interest often constrain specimen design, and (2) large-scale inelastic deformations limit options, because of the different thermomechanical properties of the adjoining materials ... element investigation of the effect of specimen geometry on the fields of stress and strain at the tips of stationary cracks In: Size Effects in Fracture The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, ... peak load is determined from the point of intersection of a radial line with a slope correpsonding to 95% of that of the original load–displacement line Values of K corresponding to this load are...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... micromechanisms of fracture in different classes of materials Following an initial review of brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms, the mechanisms of fracture in different classes of materials are ... 12.2(b)] Some of the early studies of fracture were done using transmission electron microscopy analyses of the replicas of fracture surfaces in the 1950s and 1960s However, with the advent of the SEM, ... toughness of purely brittle materials is controlled largely by the surface energy, s , which is a measure of the energy per unit area required for the creating of new surfaces ahead of the crack...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... notch-insensitive behavior 13.3 REVIEW OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS An overview of composite materials has already been presented in Chaps and 10 Nevertheless, since many of the crack-tip shielding mechanisms ... design of composite materials Hence, before presenting the basic concepts and associated equations, it is important to note here that even the simplest topological forms of composite materials ... to that of sound (Green et al., 1989) The unconstrained transformation yields a dilatational strain of $ 4% and a shear strain of $ 16%, which are consistent with the lattice parameters of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... success of the application of the SIF to the correlation of the growth of essentially long cracks, it is not surprising that attempts have been made to apply it to short cracks, where the scale of ... the effects of the irreversibility of slip in air Four main stages of crack initiation have been identified They involve: Localized strain hardening or softening due to the accumulation of slip steps ... illustrate the kind of slip processes that must be operative The formation of microcracks This is often defined by the resolving power of the microscope or the resolution of the nondestructive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... (1991) 15.13 THERMOSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS Although composite materials are of considerable scientific interest, most of the existing elevated-temperature structural materials (thermostructural mateirals) ... extent of primary creep deformation is generally of interest in the design of the hot sections of aeroengines and land-based gas turbines However, the portion of the creep curve that is generally of ... of creep researchers that have examined the creep behavior of ODS alloys, Mishra et al (1993) have used the concept of a threshold stress in the analysis of creep data obtained for a number of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20