mathematical techniques in the evolutionary epidemiology of infectious diseases

... emphasizing their distinctive flavor and suggesting the best way to consume them In the microbiological literature these types of cheese are attracting increasing coverage, showing once more the ... are powerful to fingerprint specific DNA patterns that are characteristics for a single strain, form the mainstay of strain typing of LAB The introduction of molecular biology techniques has yielded ... communities These two techniques essentially consist of the amplification of the genes encoding the 16S rRNA from the matrix containing different bacterial populations, followed by the separation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:36

... steps of the related transactions Capturing the business processes of the organization, it can be used as the starting point to design the supporting system for the organization Combining with ... By using above five steps, the IAM can be developed It can help to improve the operation of the organization by redesigning and reengineering the business In other words, before building an information ... According to [7], AM can specify the “business rules” of the organization while the SM shows the “data dictionary” of an enterprise Thus, combining these models into the framework and evaluating...

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2015, 13:22

... the interfering compounds of a sample, such as, abundant proteins, cells, immunoglobulins or debris, alter the final readout of the biosensor by either increasing the background or reducing the ... Electrolytic pumping of two color food dyes into the mixing and sensing chamber in the center (C & D) Electrokinetic mixing of the color food dyes on top of the electrochemical sensing electrode ... prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clin Infect Dis 2010;50(5):625-63...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 13:59

... ago, a special volume of Advances in Parasitology (vol 47) dealt with the uses of remote sensing and geographical information systems in the study of disease epidemiology In a sense, this volume ... that publication, dealing as it does with some practical applications of those techniques to the study of parasitic and infectious diseases We are once again fortunate in having Simon Hay, David ... time—Alastair Graham, of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, as guest editors They have assembled a formidable array of talented research workers from the UK and the USA as contributors...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... Issues of Scale and Uncertainty in the Global Remote Sensing of Disease P.M Atkinson1 and A.J Graham2 School of Geography, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton ... Characteristics 1.3 Choice of Modelling Framework 1.4 The Image Processing Chain Issues of Scale and Spatial Resolution 2.1 Preliminaries ... Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Abstract Introduction 1.1 Indirect...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... identical to the inputs to GPW, panel 1B shows the additional urban areas used in GRUMP In panel 2, the inputs are merged, first illustrated as an overlay of the urban footprints over the administrative ... polygons in panel 2A, and the final grid, in panel 2B (with administrative and urban) boundaries overlaid (density/ square km) Defining the Global Spatial Limits of Malaria Transmission in 2005 ... Kenya School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, West Yorkshire, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK JRC (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission), Global Environment Monitoring Unit, TP...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) Plate 5.2 (continued) The Global Distribution of ... absence of any of the main three mapping criteria used (Ad, administrative, Alt, altitude and Urb, urban) c The mean P falciparum ratio as used in Figures and 2A–R (see colour plate section) d The ... GUERRA ET AL a The data are presented alphabetically by WHO regional of ce and country name with totals shown in bold at the end of each section and at the end of the table for the World b Refers...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... suitable for the disease The database observations of presence are indicated by the blue dots and the WHO 2003 map for dengue by the thick black outline Plate 6.8 (continued) Global Epidemiology, ... increasingly suitable for the disease The database observations of presence are indicated by the blue dots and the WHO 2003 map for yellow fever by the thick black outline Plate 6.7 (continued) Plate 6.8 ... Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK Human Development Division, The World Bank, Washington...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... HELMINTH ECOLOGY Table Prevalence of STH infections among schoolchildren in urban and rural communities in developing countries Included studies sought to restrict investigation to areas of similar ... Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Abstract Predicting Changing Risk of Infection on Evolutionary ... non-linear relationships between observed prevalence and predictor variables, the predictors were categorized before being entered into the models The coefficients from these models were then...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... extrinsic incubation period - ? T + temperature temperature Plate 10.1 Likely effects of increasing temperature on the variables and parameters of the R0 equation The net effect is indicated by the ... Plate 8.3 (continued) Plate 8.4 Each virus of the tick-borne encephalitis complex occupies a distinct ‘eco-climatic’ space, illustrated here in bi-variate space defined by two of the most significant ... Plate 8.3 (A) The distribution of geo-referenced sites of known presence of TBE complex flaviviruses used in this analysis In addition to those shown associated with the phylogenetic matrix...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... dendrograms for the major seaports of the World and (b) climatic similarity dendrograms for the major airports of the World In both figures the inset close-up shows the branches of significance to the dispersal ... Impact? 5.1 Increased Incidence of TBE: Coincidence or Causality of Climate Change? 5.2 Increased Incidence of Malaria in the East African Highlands ... The Mathematics and Biology of Changes in Vector-Borne Diseases Defining the Criteria for Claiming Climate Impacts on VectorBorne Diseases ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... Figure Top: changes in the annual numbers of cases of tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden, Hungary and Lithuania, 1960–2004 The step increases in Sweden from 1983 to 1986 and again in 2000 are highlighted ... fever, 210 shipping risk routes of, 317 Ae japonicus, 307–308 Africa east African highlands, increased incidence of malaria in, 370–374 infectious disease contagion in, 377 malaria in, 355, 370–377 ... lines showing mean levels in each period Bottom: changes in mean spring (upper) and summer (lower) temperatures (taken from the interpolated climate surfaces prepared by the CRU, University of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... extensions The processing of text in the system is split into three sequentially executed tasks Firstly, the text is extracted from the input source (text or binary documents) in the “preprocessing” ... Secondly, the text is annotated by several NLP tools, chained in a sequence in the “processing” phase The language processing tools are integrated in a language processing chain (LPC), so that the ... 2011 Constrained Recombination in an Example-based Machine Translation System, In the Proceedings of the EAMT-2011: the 15th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... of the paint layer, the characteristic touche of the author, the eventual existence of an underlying painting, the pentimenti, the alterations, the restorations, the modifications of frame, the ... origin (Burmese) of inlay rubies of the alabaster Parthe Ishtar statue (~200 BC) held in the custody of the Louvre Museum [99] (Fig 4(AC)), mapping of inclusions in gemstones [100,101], of pigments ... materials For example: what are the origins of the yellow, red and black pigments of parietal paintings of the Magdalenian era in the caves of the Pyrenees? How were synthetic Egyptian blue and green...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... the functioning of e-commerce and Internet marketing and selling techniques in the retail of goods Table 12: Consumer survey – Perceived savings while buying online or offline28 Online shopping ... on the functioning of e-commerce and Internet marketing and selling techniques in the retail of goods • Many consumers research information on products and prices offline and then buy them online: ... welfare gains under a hypothetical situation in which the share of Internet retailing in the EU would be 15% of total retailing This benchmark of 15% of total retailing to assess the “missing potential”...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... to vary the content and even the emphasis of the course to meet the perceived needs of the class as well as to include some of the current interests of the instructors In addition to the formal ... in mathematical modeling to define the uses, goals, and validation of models The remainder of this chapter is a general discussion of various types of models, as these bear on the goals of mathematical ... judgment by the authors as influenced by their colleagues and students The use of quantitative analytic techniques including mathematical models in biology and medicine is often termed mathematical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 16:42

... http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/90 define the parity values The data processing operations are combined with the parity generating function to provide one set of parity values The k is the basic block size of the input data, ... The reason for the non-zero differences is round off errors because of the finite answer of comput¯ ing system In the bottom figure, the values of | pli ¯ pui | reflect errors occurred If the ... by examining the magnitude of the respective syndromes and comparing against thresholds five times the standard deviation of syndrome values when only low levels of round-off error appear The simulation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Considering that, exploiting the orthogonality of the code, all the different users use the same carriers, the total transmitted signal results in (being in the downlink, the phase is the same ... despite having the same complexity of EGC, MRC, ORC, and TORC The novelty of this work consists in evaluating the effect of the above-mentioned physical level combining techniques not only on the bit-error ... impulse Since δ d in the following Focusing, without loss of generality, on the nth user, the decision variable (i.e., the test statistic), v(n) [i], is obtained by linearly combining the weighted...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... A/H1N1 4.1.1 The development of pH1N1/2009 in the Northern areas The first imported pH1N1/2009 case in the Northern areas (in Hanoi) had onset in 8th of June, 2009 In the first stage, the pH1N1/2009 ... of cases and deaths caused by the pH1N1/2009 in the Northern areas of Vietnam 3.1.1 .The epidemiological development of the pH1N1/2009 in the Northern areas of Vietnam Figure 3.1 Development of ... country to confirm the appearance of the influenza pandemic related to the new strain of the H1N1 influenza virus The fist case in the north of Vietnam occurred on June 2009 Then this pandemic...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 13:57