materials crystal growth and preparation of thin films

... to grow porous thin films with different composition and degree of crystallinity; while sputtering with substrate heating was used to deposit thin films with excellent quality and uniformity ... NiO thin film 2.1.2 Solution growth of NiO thin film 2.2 Growth of NiO Nanostructures by Thermal Oxidation iv 2.2.1 Fabrication of Ni nanowires 2.2.2 Oxidation of ... Experimental Details .29 Growth of Thin Films and Nanowires 29 3.1.1 Sputtering for thin film growth 29 3.1.2 Chemical bath deposition for porous film growth 30 3.1.3 Anodization,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:07

... the growth of epitaxial oxides films While polycrystalline oxide films may have useful properties for some applications and studies, the superior properties of highly crystalline epitaxial films ... determine the crystal structure and quality of the thin film deposited Gonio (θ-2θ) scans were used to identify the crystalline phase and determine the out -of- plane crystal orientation of the deposited ... the stiochiometry of the deposited films We focused our research on investigating the effect of our growth conditions on the crystal structure and microstructure of our oxide films Also the correlations...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2015, 10:10

... The Materials Science of Thin Films I I I The Materials Science of Milton Ohring Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hoboken, ... stability, formation, and solid-state reactions in thin films Much of this chapter is a condensed adaptation of standard treatments of bulk materials, but it is equally applicable to thin films Nevertheless, ... understanding of the fundamental nature of materials throughout much of the twentieth century has led to the development of materials science and engineering This period witnessed the emergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... well-established knowledge of the electrical and optical properties of GaSe thin films, in this paper, we report the results on electrical and optical measurements of amorphous thin films of GaSe nanorods ... diameter of the nanorods varies from 140 to 180 nm, and the length is of several hundreds of nanometers Figure presents the temperature dependence of the dc conductivity of thin films of a- GaxSe100-x ... frequency doubling and fast optical gating [11] and behaves as an X-ray detector [12] Electronic and optoelectronic properties of GaSe, GaS, and InSe materials indicate the possibilities of realizing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... 210 and 120 to 150 nm for samples B1, B2 and B3 The densities of ZnO nanowires for samples A1, A2 and A3 were 2.1, 2.2 and 2.0 109 wires cm-2, respectively, which are much higher than that of ... output power of 100 mW cm-2 123 1488 Results and Discussion Effect of ZnO Crystal Seed Particles Prepared by Different Methods In this study, we found that the different ZnO seed preparation methods ... morphology and density of ZnO nanowire arrays, leading to the different performance of the DSSCs based on the ZnO nanowire films Figure shows the top-view and cross-sectional FESEM images of two samples...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... The Materials Science of Thin Films I I I The Materials Science of Milton Ohring Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hoboken, ... stability, formation, and solid-state reactions in thin films Much of this chapter is a condensed adaptation of standard treatments of bulk materials, but it is equally applicable to thin films Nevertheless, ... understanding of the fundamental nature of materials throughout much of the twentieth century has led to the development of materials science and engineering This period witnessed the emergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... The Materials Science of Thin Films I I I The Materials Science of Milton Ohring Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hoboken, ... stability, formation, and solid-state reactions in thin films Much of this chapter is a condensed adaptation of standard treatments of bulk materials, but it is equally applicable to thin films Nevertheless, ... understanding of the fundamental nature of materials throughout much of the twentieth century has led to the development of materials science and engineering This period witnessed the emergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... The Materials Science of Thin Films I I I The Materials Science of Milton Ohring Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hoboken, ... stability, formation, and solid-state reactions in thin films Much of this chapter is a condensed adaptation of standard treatments of bulk materials, but it is equally applicable to thin films Nevertheless, ... understanding of the fundamental nature of materials throughout much of the twentieth century has led to the development of materials science and engineering This period witnessed the emergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... Threads of this chapter will be woven into the subsequent fabric of the discussion on the preparation and properties of thin films An FCC film is deposited on the (100) plane of a single -crystal ... vapor deposition of Si from chlorinated silanes at 1200 “C will yield single -crystal films, and amorphous films can be produced below 600 “C In between, polycrystalline Si films of varying grain ... Thermodynamics of Materials R A Swalin, Thermodynamics of Solids, Wiley, New York (1962) C H Lupis, Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials, North-Holland, New York (1983) 48 A Review of Materials Science...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... resistant A1 films, and epitaxial Si, GaAs, Gap, and InSb films deposited at low temperatures are some examples indicative of the excellent properties of ICB films Among the advantages of ICB deposition ... (1976) 11 L Holland, Vacuum Deposition of Thin Films, Wiley, New York (1956) 12 C H Ting and A R Neureuther, Solid State Technol 25(2), 115 (1982) 13 H L Caswell, in Physics of Thin Films, Vol 1, ... Westwood, in Physics of Thin Films, Vol 14, eds M H Francombe and J L Vossen, Academic Press, New York (1989) 26.* L I Maissel and M H Francombe, An Introduction to Thin Films, Gordon and Breach, New...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... Coalescence and Depletion 5.5 Experimental Studies of Nucleation and Growth 5.6 Grain Structure of Films and Coatings 5.7 Amorphous Thin Films References 1-5 are recommended sources for much of the ... stages of the formation of both polycrystalline and single -crystal films In this section the leap is made 224 Film Formation and Structure to the regime of the fully developed grain structure of ... the early stages of film formation, it is doubtful that there is a clear demarcation between the end of nucleation and the onset of nucleus growth The sequence of nucleation and growth events can...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... REFERENCES l.* Lewis and J C Anderson, Nucleation and Growth of Thin Films, B Academic Press, London (1978) 2.* R W Vook, Int Metals Rev 27, 209 (1982) 3.* C A Neugebauer, in Handbook of Thin- Film Technology, ... to monitor the in situ deposition and growth of thin films on well-polished, reflecting substrates, such as Si and GaAs Because of its Characterization of Thin Films 260 \ \ O Al DE LT * e:no ldeg.) ... to the crystal structure of bulk solids, including lattice constants and geometry, identification of unknown materials, orientation of single crystals, and preferred orientation of polycrystals,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... 0.62 Polycrystalline films Polycrystalline films (100) epitaxial Polycrystalline films (1 11) epitaxial Polycrystalline films Polycrystalline films Textured film Polycrystalline films Polycrystalline ... practice of seeding clouds with crystals of AgI to induce ice nucleation and rain formation [Note: The crystal structure of ice is hexagonal with lattice 0 constants of a = 4.52 A, c = 7.36 A; the crystal ... alternately on for 0.5 and off for during the entire run Film thickness measurements showed that 1.80 pm of GaAs and 0.35 pm of AlAs were deposited a b c d What are the growth rates of GaAs and Al,G, -,As?...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... other hand, thin films can tolerate densities of 380 Interdiffusion and Reactions in Thin Films (b) Figure 8-15 Manifestations of electromigration damage in A films: (a) hillock l growth, (from ... S Ho, and K N Tu, eds., Low Temperature Diffusion and Applications to Thin Films, Elsevier, Lausanne (1975); also Thin Solid Films 25 (1975) J M Poate, K N Tu, and J W Mayer, eds., Thin Films- Znterdiffusion ... in the handling of thin films has posed a great experimental challenge and stimulus to the ingenuity of investigators Detachment of films from substrates and methods for gripping and aligning them,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... band diagrams and concepts This chapter focuses primarily on the electrical conduction properties of thin metal, insulating, and superconducting films Almost half of the classic Handbook of Thin ... studies on the resistivity of thin metal films from which useful values of p o & (or pf and P ) may be deduced” (Ref 462 Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Thin Films 9) Among the reasons ... on Ta Indium-tin oxide (ITO) films have the 464 Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Thin Films Table 10-1 Electrical Properties of Thin- and Thick-Film Resistor Materials Material Pd-Ag Ni(80)Cr(20)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... properties and applications of metal and dielectric thin films 11.2 PROPERTIES OPTICAL OF FILM MATERIALS 11.2.1 General Considerations In order to understand the optical behavior of films and film ... 38 Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Thin Films M H Francombe and R W Hoffman, Academic Press, New York (1975) J G Simmons, in Handbook of Thin Film Technology, eds L I Maissel and R Glang, ... optical films are the magnitudes of n and k, the spectral range of transmission, the dependence of properties on film structure and deposition 518 Optical Propertiesof Thin Films processes, and environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... applications of thin films and film systems in optics (From usually with the use of many film layers (sometimes a dozen or more) but with only a very limited number of materials (e.g., MgF, and ZnS) ... increases with number of layers The spectral width of the high reflectance zone is a function of the ratio of the refractive indices of the involved films, and there are a couple of practical ways ... examples Narrow bandpass or monochromatic filters Thin film coatings to achieve these ends consist of thin metal films, dielectric films, multilayer metal and dielectric film combinations, and all dielectric...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... Stecura, Thin Solid F l s 136, 241 (1986) 27 R A Miller and C C Berndt, Thin Solid Films 119, 195 (1984) 28 G Johner and K K Schweitzer, Thin Solid Films 119, 301 (1984) Modification of Surfaces and ... Solid Films 153, 19 (1987) *Recommended texts or reviews 588 Melailurgicaland Protective Coatings * R F Bunshah and C Deshpandey, in Physics of Thin Films, Vol 13, eds M H Francombe and J L ... Holleck and H Schulz, Thin Solid Films 153, 11 (1987) 11 A Layyous and R Wertheim, J de Phys Colloque C5, 423 (1989) 12 W D Sproul, Thin Solid Films 107, 141 (1983) 13 C A Brookes, Science of Hard Materials, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... processing and the ability to characterize structure-property relationships Thus the spirit of materials science of thin films- the theme and title of this book-is preserved in microcosm within this ... extensively studied and will be given most of the attention The remaining goup of materials is amorphous or polycrystalline in form and consists of d d e s , glasses, and polymers from which thin dielectric ... technology The needs of both professional and consumer audio, video, and computer tapes and disks are currently met by an assortment of magnetic particle and thin- film materials However, the insatiable...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21