manufacture and properties of intermediate food products

... (VZV) VZV: Chickenpox VZV: Shingles Re-activation of latent infection Suppression of cell mediated immunity Bacteria  Unicellular,  DNA and RNA  Binary  No prokaryotes fission mitochondria ... (transfer of plasmid DNA) Important bacterial products 1: extracellular polysaccharide  CAPSULE condensed, well defined layer closely surrounding the cell contributes to invasiveness of pathogenic ... reducing opsonisation and protecting from phagocytosis  E.g Streptococcus pneumoniae in RTI  vaccination: pneumococcal; meningococcal A and C  GLYCOCALYX loose meshwork of fibrils extending...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 17:15

... Literature of interest CLADOCERANS, NEMATODES AND TROCHOPHORA LARVAE 6.1 Daphnia and Moina 6.1.1 Biology and life cycle of Daphnia 6.1.2 Nutritional value of Daphnia 6.1.3 Feeding and nutrition of Daphnia ... Harvesting/concentration and cold storage of rotifers 3.7 Production and use of resting eggs 3.8 Literature of interest 3.9 Worksheets Worksheet 3.1 Preparation of an indicator solution for determination of residual ... for the cultivation of the major types of live food commonly used in larviculture, as well as their application potential in terms of their nutritional and physical properties and feeding methods...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... main food source These various aspects of the production, use and substitution of micro-algae in aquaculture will be treated within the limits of this chapter 2.2 Major classes and genera of cultured ... concrete ponds of 10-40 tons of water volume and a water depth of 1.5-2 m 2.3.7 Culture of sessile micro-algae Farmers of abalone (Haliotis sp.) have developed special techniques to provide food for ... reproducibility, which is a function of the sampling, diluting, and filling of the counting chamber, as well as the choice of the right type of counting chamber and range of cell concentration Counting...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... accumulations of wasted food by assuring short retention times of the food particles This is achieved by using high starting densities of 200 rotifer/ml-1 and the distribution of small amounts of feed ... growth of the animal is assured by plasma increase and not by cell division The epidermis contains a densely packed layer of keratin-like proteins and is called the lorica The shape of the lorica and ... the profile of the spines and ornaments allow the determination of the different species and morphotypes (see 3.4.) The rotifers body is differentiated inTO three distinct parts consisting of the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... outputs, not only in terms of survival, growth and success of metamorphosis of many species of fish and crustaceans, but also with regard to their quality, e.g reduced incidence of malformations, improved ... resulted in optimized and cost-effective applications of this live food in hatchery production 4.1.2 Biology and ecology of Artemia 4.1.2.1 Morphology and life cycle 4.1.2.2 Ecology and natural distribution ... screening of candidate strains and of eventual local populations, as well as the study of prevailing environmental conditions Uncontrolled introduction of Artemia may thus lead to a decrease of natural...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... content and hatchability Hatchability of cysts is largely determined by the conditions and techniques applied for harvesting, cleaning, drying and storing of the cyst material The impact of most of ... function of the tank size and the density of cysts incubated Excessive foaming can be reduced by disinfection of the cysts prior to hatching incubation and/ or by the addition of a few drops of a ... Artemia cysts of a high hatching quality are often expensive, and decapsulation of non-hatching cysts means valorization of an otherwise inferior product The cysts have the appearance and the practical...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... fast harvesting of large volumes of Artemia nauplii and allows complete removal of debris from the hatching medium This technique results in a significant reduction of labour and production costs ... number of hatchings and harvests daily, fewer tanks, bigger volumes) Furthermore, cold storage allows the farmer to consider more frequent and even automated food distributions of an optimal live food ... Ph and Lavens, P 1995 Review of some aspects of marine fish larviculture ICES mar Sci Symp., 201:138-142 Sorgeloos, P and Léger, Ph 1992 Improved larviculture outputs of marine fish, shrimp and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... behavior of Artemia by affecting the filtration rate, ingestion rate and/ or assimilation: including the quality and quantity of the food offered, the developmental stage of the larvae, and the ... is the consistency of the food quality and supply, and the possibility for storage without loss of quality It follows therefore that bulk products must be stored in a dry and preferentially cool ... Engineering 11: 107-119 Dhont J., Lavens, P and Sorgeloos, P 1993 Preparation and use of Artemia as food for shrimp and prawn larvae In: CRC Handbook of Mariculture 2nd Edition Vol 1: Crustacean...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... are usually low and mainly fluctuate in function of food availability, temperature and salinity The size and/ or often complete absence of suitable infrastructure makes management of such lakes ... population density depends on food availability, temperature and salinity The availability of pumping facilities and intake canals allows manipulation of nutrient intake and salinity Sometimes fertilization ... large numbers, algae and more specifically their dissolved organic excretion and decomposition products will prevent early precipitation of gypsum, because of increased viscosity of the water In this...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... Nutritional value of Daphnia 6.1.3 Feeding and nutrition of Daphnia 6.1.4 Mass culture of Daphnia 6.1.5 Production and use of resting eggs 6.1.6 Use of Moina 6.1.1 Biology and life cycle of Daphnia ... nauplius and copepodite stages of copepods; · 300 and 500 µm for small water fleas and smaller species of cyclopoid copepods; · 700 µm for adult water fleas of the Daphnia genus, large species of cyclopoid ... ng, and 63 ng respectively, and corresponds to 0.8% and 1.3% of the dry weight Within nauplii, the levels are relatively higher; (i.e around 3.9% and 3.4%, respectively) Specific levels of EPA and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... Heterotrophic microflagellates and ciliates up to the size of Paramecium can also be used as food for Daphnia Even detritus and benthic food can be an important food source, especially when the food concentration ... individual food particles by taste) high concentrations of suspended material can interfere with the uptake of food particles Figure 6.1 Schematic drawing of the internal and external anatomy of Daphnia ... amylases, lipases and even cellulase, that can serve as exo-enzymes in the gut of the fish larvae 6.1.3 Feeding and nutrition of Daphnia The filtering apparatus of Daphnia is constructed of specialized...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... comparison of band absorbance Absence of a sharp and convoluted spectral band around 3600–3000 cm)1 in the spectra of both chitosan and LMWC indicated the absence of free -OH groups and the involvement ... value of LMWC is due to the release of GlcNAc and GlcNAc-rich oligomers as some of the products An examination of DA values indicates that the total DA of the products is equal to that of native ... weight of GlcNAc [24] Further characterization of chitosan and the depolymerization products Further characterization of chitosan and the depolymerization products was performed using a variety of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV ... Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Construction of pOpacVh Construction of pOpacVh Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW ... standard conditions using about lg of genomic DNA and primers W1 and W2 (Table 2) The brightness of DNA bands correlates with the amount of PCR product per run products were obtained with DNA of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... moiety of Arg51 and three atoms of FMN (N1, O2 and O3) In both FeR and M acetivorans avoredoxin, the corresponding residue is asparagine (Asn47 and Asn52, respectively) to which only the O2 atom of ... the Km and kcat values of E coli Fre for riboavin are reported as 2.5 lm and 52.4 s)1 with NADPH as the electron donor and 1.3 lm and 30.6 s)1 with NADH [13] For FMN, Km and kcat values of E coli ... of the logarithms of the concentration ratios for oxidized and reduced forms of the mediator versus that of recombinant avoredoxin Reduction titration of avoredoxin by NAD(P)H The reduction of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... purification yield of the enzyme may be due to several reasons Copper and several other divalent ions stimulated the activity of the tetrathionate hydrolase and they and other cofactors may be present ... hydrolase of A caldus (Eur J Biochem 271) 279 The biochemical properties of tetrathionate hydrolase of A caldus were similar to those of other acidithiobacilli (Table 4) The specific activity of tetrathionate ... precipitation of the enzyme at low ionic strength was not observed HPLC analysis of reaction products demonstrated the presence of thiosulfate and pentathionate In further work, the stoichiometry of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... mitochondrial isoform (referred to henceforth as MiTK) as described below The cDNA for the cytoplasmic TK consists of 1811 bp with an ORF of 1098 bp and 5¢ and 3¢ untranslated regions of 21 and 692 bp, ... other hand, mitochondrial TK showed activity for taurocyamine, lombricine (30% of that of taurocyamine) and glycocyamine (7% of that of taurocyamine) Recombinant Arenicola MiTK was incapable of phosphorylating ... Alignment of mitochondrial targeting sequences of vertebrate and invertebrate MiCKs and Arenicola MiTK Sequences correspond to ubiquitous (uMiCK) and sarcomeric (sMiCK) MiCKs from man and chicken and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... the method of Baayen and Elgersma [13], with a 500-lL drop of Fod conidial suspension at a concentration of · 106 conidiaÆmL)1; 20 additional plants, inoculated with a 500-lL drop of double distilled ... NaPi buffer, pH 3, and acetonitrile (6 : 1, v/v); separation was performed isocratically, at a flow rate of mLÆmin)1, and the volume of injected samples was 10 lL The amounts of the residual initial ... by the addition of two drops of 10 M HCl Aliquots of each reaction mixture were analyzed through column chromatography [7] to separate and purify both the assayed substrates and the respective...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... lg of platelet protein and 0.5 lg of GST and GST±Rab proteins; (B) an [a-32P]GTP overlay [17] of a nitrocellulose blot of a gel containing 40 lg of platelet protein, 0.5 lg of GST and 0.5 lg of ... form of Rab32 (see Discussion) Fig Puri®cation and properties of wild-type and mutant Rab31 and Rab32 expressed as GST±fusion proteins Samples of platelet particulate fraction protein and of puri®ed ... immunoblot of a gel containing 20 lg of platelet protein and 0.1 lg of GST and GST±Rab proteins, using a : 1000 dilution of anti-Rab31 antiserum; (D) a similar immunoblot using a : 1000 dilution of anti-Rab32...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... The effect of geometrical parameters and material properties of face sheets and core are studied on the face wrinkling of sandwich plates Comparison of the present results with those of plate theories ... anisotropic properties of strength and stiffness of masonry in horizontal and vertical direction, tensile and shear stiffness of cracked masonry, • Concrete yielding in compression, opening of cracks ... tension, mechanism of opening and closing of cracks in concrete under dynamic load, tensile and shear stiffness of cracked concrete, • Strain rate effect of the material properties of masonry, reinforced...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20