manipulations of enzymes involved in the biocontrol of pests

... [23] In the present study we have cloned the murine genes coding for the enzymes involved in the salvage pathway of GDP-L-fucose L-fucokinase and GDP-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase were expressed in ... variants of the murine fucokinase genes were expressed in COS-7 cells in frame with a 10-amino acid E2Tag present in the pQM vector The molecular masses of fucokinase proteins were determined by ... amino acid sequence of mouse L-fucokinase The predicted amino acid sequence for the coding area of the long splice variant of fucokinase consists of 1090 amino acids Due to alternative splicing,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... than the other compounds (Fig 6) In this way, amino acid residues of different segments of NADP-ME2 swapped in the construction of the chimeras are involved in the fumarate activation of the pyruvate ... of CoA or acetyl-CoA The results are presented as the percentage of activity in the presence of the effectors in relation to the activity measured in the absence of the metabolites for each of ... activity in the presence of the effectors in relation to the activity measured in the absence of the metabolites, for each of the respective enzyme constructs The assays were performed at least in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... inhibited in all chitin-containing fungi The degree of inhibition was proportional to the level of chitin in the cell wall of the target fungus Combining the two enzymes resulted in a synergistic increase ... against the pathogen, strengthening the hypothesis that exo-β-1,3-glucanase activity is one of the mechanisms of action involved in the suppression of B cinerea by P anomala strain K (222) The ... Both the fungus and the host insect have developed mechanisms involved in the host–parasitic interaction of these organisms; the insects release inhibitors against the fungal protease, in uencing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... aspirin or other NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding Ginseng may intensify the effects of these drugs, causing an excessive decrease in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) Ginseng may intensify ... from their ability to inhibit phase I and induce phase II carcinogen metabolizing enzymes that initiate carcinogenesis They also inhibit the promotion stage of carcinogenesis by inhibiting oxygen ... making it less effective Ginger taken with anticoagulants may increase the risk of bleeding Ginkgo taken with anticoagulants or with aspirin or other NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding Ginkgo...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... responsible for binding and proper orientation of the aminopyrimidine ring, are conserved in all ThDP-dependent enzymes One of these, the hydrogen bond between the N1¢ atom of the pyrimidine ring of ThDP ... ThDP-dependent enzymes Substrate binding site and catalytic residues The active site cavity in IPDC extends from the thiazolium ring of the cofactor to the surface of the protein The entrance of the active ... to these interfaces is located in the PYR and middle domains The interface contains 10 hydrogen bonds in IPDC The dimer–dimer interface in IPDC is smaller than the corresponding interface in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... implicated in the biosynthesis of the aminonucleoside moiety of A201A Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most likely implicated in the biosynthesis of this ... be implicated in the biosynthesis of the aminonucleoside moiety of puromycin [6–8] Interestingly, their organization is identical to that of the pur cluster, with the exception of pur6, which ... [33,34] In contrast, its similarity to type III PKSs, which lack this domain, is scant This domain promotes the binding of the acyl-CoA initiation unit to the ketosynthetase domain of the PKSs...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... listed in Table that most, if not all, of the amylose is synthesized in vivo when the rate of amylopectin synthesis becomes minimal At these moments the rates of amylopectin synthesis are only 5% of ... rate of amylopectin synthesis The increase in crystallinity witnessed during these first 12 h is in line with the high rates observed for amylopectin synthesis However between 12 and 58 h the rate ... amylose continues to accumulate at the final stage of starch synthesis in the absence of concomitant amylopectin synthesis (reviewed in [41]) In vitro synthesis of amylose Because in Chlamydomonas...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... was all the highest in root, and sanguinarine is found exclusively in root (data not shown), root is likely the main organ for the biosynthesis and storage of sanguinarine in E californica These ... protein for CYP719A3) The assay mixture was incubated at 30 °C for 30 min, except for the determination of kinetic parameters (for 5–10 min), and then the reaction was terminated by the addition of ... function only as STS, whereas CYP719A3 might be involved in the biosynthesis of stylopine and in other biosyntheses However, analysis of their expression in E californica plant tissues showed that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... The fa value for KI was only 12% implying the low solvent accessibility of tryptophan residues of d2-crystallin in the native form ANS binding Fig Equilibrium unfolding of duck d-crystallin in ... the formation of dimers during the dissociation step (Fig 1) These results are in agreement with the double dimer structure of the tetrameric d2-crystallin The crystal structure of the protein ... is the dynamic quenching constant and fa was the fractional maximum accessible protein fluorescence ANS binding assay The exposed hydrophobic surfaces of the protein were assayed by incubating the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... GalNAc-T1, might be involved in the catalytic function of the enzyme To investigate whether the cysteine residues modified by PCMPS are involved in the binding of UDP-GalNAc, we treated recombinant GalNAc-T1 ... University) [22,23], containing a cDNA encoding the insulin signal sequence and the Protein A-IgG binding domain, was inserted into NheI-HindIII digested pcDNA3.1, producing the vector, pInsProA pDN42 was ... to 40% of the parent enzyme activity In a more in- depth evaluation of the function of the three serine mutants, the kinetic properties of the mutant enzymes were compared to those of the parent...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... treatment The high degree of protection by ADP suggests that the mitochondrial injury is caused by opening of the mPTP There is evidence that ADP inhibits opening of the mPTP by occupying binding sites ... the induction of oxidative stress during ischemia ⁄ reperfusion in brain There is a growing body of information concerning the mechanism of ROS generation by the respiratory chain in mitochondria ... during H ⁄ R performed in the presence or absence of 3.5 lm Ca2+ The mitochondrial incubations were carried out in the cuvette of the luminescence spectrophotometer at 30 °C in the presence of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... success in expressing a recombinant XDH in this organism Expression of XDH requires the incorporation of the MPT center, placement of the terminal sulfur ligand on the Mo, and the incorporation of ... expression of molybdoenzymes in the xanthine oxidoreductase family The most important factor involved in producing a functional MPT center in recombinant XDH, using the E coli expression system, is the ... stoichiometric and independent of the presence of xdhC, and their data suggest that the level of MPT sulfuration is lower in the absence of xdhC than in its presence Assuming that the level of incorporated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... that of the active area in insulin (Fig 7F) If the mechanism of the interaction between the 4-kDa peptide and 43-kDa protein has the minimum components of insulin–insulin receptor interaction, the ... similar to the insulin– insulin receptor interaction system Interaction of insulin with the 43-kDa protein Acknowledgements Similarly to the 4-kDa peptide, insulin is able to interact with the 43-kDa ... Nakagawa, S.H & Tager, H.S (1987) Role of the COOHterminal B-chain domain in insulin–receptor interactions: identification of perturbations involving the insulin mainchain J Biol Chem 262, 12054–12058...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... that of the background The binding site was found to be located at the C-terminus of the protein although binding of the C-terminus half (CH) is only half of the full-length protein (Fig 3) Interestingly, ... only one, the atpF intron, while CRS2 is involved in the splicing of nine of the 10 chloroplast group IIB introns [6,15,37] The expression of CRS2 in E coli together with the corresponding RNA ... (35) is indicated promote the splicing A possible model of how HCF152 is involved in the stabilization of the splicing products of the petB intron could be that the protein binds to the UTR region...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... the synthesis of amylopectin, it has been suggested that SSI is mainly involved in the synthesis of small chains of this fraction Furthermore, SSIV has been found recently to be involved in the ... interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of SSIII in vitro Mapping of the CD-binding region in the N-terminal SBDs In order to identify the SBD region required for the SBD–CD interaction, we ... in the D2 domain and D(495–535) in the D3 domain This result is in agreement with our previous studies using truncated SSIII isoforms, showing the importance of the D23 domain in starch binding...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... analyses of the relative levels of the indicated proteins after western blotting (as in D) were carried out Similar experiments were performed five times and the intensity of the individual bands in ... subcellular compartments other than lipid droplets The expression of CIDEC is elevated during the differentiation of adipocytes To gain further insight into the roles of CIDEC in adipocyte differentiation, ... obtained from the patient The COS-7 and 293T cells were obtained from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) Isolation and induction of pre-adipocytes Pieces of adipose...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... whether Synoviolin is involved in the degradation of PS cofactors using synoviolin-null cells, as PS cofactors undergo the ubiquitin ⁄ proteasome pathway We report that Synoviolin is involved in ... polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin [18], the tumor suppressor Synoviolin is involved in the degradation of nicastrin gene p53 [19] and Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor [20] In this ... trafficking of NCT within the Golgi compartment, because the maturation of the sugar modification of the protein occurs within the Golgi compartment Recently, there has been an expansion of the recognized...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... are involved in the transmission of mechanical signals to signaling pathways In the M line, mechanical stimulation activates the interaction of a protein complex with the kinase domain of titin, ... pathway and an increase in muscle fiber apoptosis [8] The participation of NF-jB signaling in the pathogenesis of LGMD2A is therefore an interesting possibility The findings obtained in the present ... the binding to titin by improving the accessibility of the titin-binding domain Interestingly, the importance of CARP interaction for its function was recently demonstrated in a FEBS Journal...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... structure of the NOX1 gene and its splicing pathway Open boxes indicate exons Numbers in the box denote the size of each exon (bp) The size of the intron is indicated under the broken lines (bp) ... be involved in an angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy [15], and in inducing the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [16], which plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis ... in the promoter region of the NOX1 gene, ATF-1 was assumed to indirectly regulate the expression of the NOX1 mRNA We therefore elucidated the role of ATF-1 in the MEF2B-dependent activation of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... residues were individually mutated (C) The spacial proximity of active site residues in the L-domain and connecting region II which are potentially involved in the binding of D-glucose in the super-open ... E290) and the S-domain (residues T168 and K169) (Fig 1B) To identify the contact residues involved in the initial binding of Glc to the super-open state (Fig 1C) of this two domain hinge-bending enzyme, ... demonstrating that the binding of Glc at the active site indeed induces a large-scale domain movement that closes the active site cleft and creates the stereochemical environment for binding of the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20