making tree kernels practical for natural language processing

... a cat PP IN A subtree Figure 1: A syntactic parse tree. We define as a subtree (ST) any node of a tree along with all its descendants. For example, the line in Figure 1 circles the subtree rooted in ... different information level between the two tree- based representations. 2.2 The Tree Kernel Functions The main idea of tree kernels is to compute the number of the common substructures between two trees ... that the above tree kernels are not convolution kernels as those proposed in this article. In (Shen et al., 2003), a tree- kernel based on Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) for the parse-reranking...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Domain A class is defined for each constant of PAL. A class object for a lexical item contains linguistic knowledge in a procedural form. In other words, a class contains information as to how a ... Portable Natural Language Query System. Artificial Intelligence 19(1982) :165-187, 1982. Montague, R. Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English. In Thompson (editor), Formal ... to share methods for these cases. Any exceptional method can be attached to lower level items. For example, we can define a class "action verb" which has methods for instrumental...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... our 98 Generalized Hebbian Algorithm for Incremental Singular Value Decomposition in Natural Language Processing Genevieve Gorrell Department of Computer and Information Science Link¨oping University 581 ... techniques are of great relevance within the field of natural lan- guage processing. A persistent problem within language processing is the over-specificity of language, and the sparsity of data. Corpus- based ... complexity. Any approach to au- tomatic natural language processing will en- counter this problem on several levels, creat- ing a need for techniques which compensate for this. Imagine we have a set...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... Oregon, USA, 21 June 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Wikulu: An Extensible Architecture for Integrating Natural Language Processing Techniques with Wikis Daniel B ¨ ar, ... Wikipedia and cannot be used with any other wiki platform. 6 Summary We presented Wikulu, an extensible system which integrates natural language processing techniques with wikis. Wikulu addresses ... archi- tecture which transparently integrates natural language processing (NLP) techniques with wikis. It is designed to be deployed with any wiki platform, and the current prototype inte- grates...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... survey of smoothing techniques for ME models. IEEE Trans. On Speech and Audio Processing, 8(2): 37-50. Collins, M. 2000. Discriminative re-ranking for natural language parsing. In ICML, 175-182. ... Republic, June 2007. c 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics A Comparative Study of Parameter Estimation Methods for Statistical Natural Language Processing Jianfeng Gao * , Galen Andrew * , ... relatively better perfor- mance in this task. For example, while in the parsing task ME with L 2 regularization significantly outperforms ME with L 1 regularization, their per- formance difference...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... continuous Tense) 6.1 Hình thức(Formation) a. Thể khẳng định(Affirmative form) S + was/were + V_ing… Was: dùng cho ngôi I và ngôi thứ 3 số ít. b. Thể phủ định(Negative form) S + was not/ were not ... Thể khẳng định(Affirmative form) S + have/has + been + V_ing… b. Thể phủ định(Negative form) S + haven‟t/ hasn‟t + Been + V_ing… c. Thể nghi vấn(Interrogative form) Have/has + S + Been + ... & temp1 & ".txt" For Append As #1 Print #1, temp Close #1 List1.Clear Open App.Path & "\" & temp1 & ".txt" For Input As #1 While Not EOF(1)...

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2013, 14:55

... system, we currently use exact solution for input size of 7 propositions or less and switch to greedy for any larger input size to ensure sub-second performance for the NLG component. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 24689101214161820 # ... 565–572, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Instance-based Sentence Boundary Determination by Optimization for Natural Language Generation Shimei Pan and James C. ... boundary determination in natural language generation exists when more than one sentence is needed to convey multiple concepts and propositions. In the classic natural language generation (NLG)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... compounds. For example, the phrase natural language processing should generate language +natural and processing +language, while dynamic information processing is expected to yield processing+ dynamic ... "Retrieval Performance in Ferret: A Conceptual Information Retrieval System." Proceedings of ACM SIGIR-91, pp. 347-355. Sager, Naomi. 1981. Natural Language Information Processing. Addison-Wesley. ... "Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing. " Position paper at the workshop on Future Directions in Natural Language Pro- cessing in Information Retrieval, Chicago. Harman,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... in Natural Language Processing Mark H. Bursteln Department of Computer Science, Yale University 1. INTRODUCTION it is widely reco~nlzed that the process of understandln~ natural language ... SOURCE of water is based on information found beneath the prototype for faucet, descrlbLnE the "on" state for that object. The principle e~pectatlon for SOURCE objects is that the ... memory associations for objects, the Object Primitives, to encode Information which can be used in a variety of Rleger's qeneral inference classes. Because this Information is directly...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Simplification Transformation for Natural Language Question-Answering Systems David G. Stallard BBN Laboratories Inc. I0 Moulton St. Cambridge, MA. 02238 Abstract A new method is presented for simplifying ... issues for natural- language systems which serve as interfaces to a database: the problems that arise in a module which maps the meaning representation to a second logical language for expressing ... exists for physician SPECIALTIES, we can nonetheless give a rule for this predicate in way that is uniform with the rule given for the predicate PATIENTS. 2This term, while a standard one in formal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20