low temperature sintering of the alkali niobate ceramics

... phases of the ZFC condition The solid square signs represent the temperature of the dielectric maximum (Tm) The solid circle signs represent the temperature of phase transition in FC condition The ... rules of the lead-free materials in depth The chapters on applications of the lead-free materials will allow readers to conceptualize the promise of the field v vi Preface The first part in the book ... detection of local vibrations of a ferroelectric sample induced by a testing ac signal applied between the conductive tip of the SFM and the bottom electrode of the sample The oscillations of the sample...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... yellow to brownish yellow of the corresponding glass ceramics The low transmittance of the glass-ceramic samples may be attributed to the light scattering due to the occurrence of crystals in the ... that the higher density of these glasses ceramic resulted from the growth of the KNN crystals during the crystallization treatment SEM micrographs of the glass ceramics are shown in Figure These ... treated at temperatures lower than 550°C, it is clear from the SEM result that crystallization of the KNN phase occurred in all temperatures lower than the observed Tc of 648°C from the DTA trace...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... responding properties of WO decayed with loading of alkali metals The responding and recovery properties were obviously improved by loading with alkali earth metals The materials of WO loaded with ... defined as the value of NH –NO, while the sensitivity S s in NO–NH mixture It is necessary for the existence of the NH –NO equivalent point that NH and NO must be reacted completely The NH –NO ... designed as follows: the sensor is two-layer-structured, i.e., a catalyst layer was coated on the surface of the WO 3-based sensing element Two kinds of NO reduction catalysts of TiO q 10 wt.%...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:08

... [33] (the solid line with “2” markers) lie inside these limits They are very close to the lower limits in Setup 1, and in the middle of the performance band in Setup The performance band of the ... cross-correlating the received signal from the jth anchor with the one from the ith anchor Note that the stochastic properties of the noise terms ni,j are totally different from the ones of the noise ... the knowledge of the stochastic properties of the noise We summarize the characteristics of all the estimators based on TDOA measurements in Table With the nonredundant TDOA measurement set of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... shown in the SEM images Figure shows the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant as a function of the temperature for 0.98NKN-0.02BZT ceramics sintered at various sintering temperatures ... approximately 45.5°, and when the sintering temperature was increased, the peak form is almost the same These results indicated that the 0.98NKN-0.02BZT ceramics with various sintering temperatures are regarded ... However, the degree of crystallization of all samples is completely different The 0.98NKN-0.02BZT ceramics were well crystallized with increasing sintering temperature However, as the sintering temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... more splitting Plots of relative density as a function of sintering temperature with different BST contents are shown in Figure 1b The optimum sintering temperature of BNKTBST ceramics was 1,125°C ... B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) Bulk densities were determined using Archimedes' method The theoretical densities of all samples were calculated based on the theoretical densities of BNKT (5.84 ... least 98% of their theoretical values (see Table 1) Thus, the samples sintered at this temperature were selected for further characterizations -3- Figure 2a showed XRD patterns of BNKT-BST ceramics...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... estimate of the formal potential for the Pb2+ /Pb couple in the two solutions) is close to −470 mV, both with and without additive On the other hand, the slope of the voltammogram through the formal ... dissolution of lead are increased by the presence of ligninsulfonate but the magnitudes of the overpotentials remain very small compared with the other voltage losses in the battery We would also note the ... thickness of the deposit and the quality of the edge can be assessed With a current density of 50 mA cm−2 , the ligninsulfonate changes the deposit from one made up of large boulders of lead to...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... the design of the study and in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript DRE and GGG participated in the acquisition of data and in the analysis and interpretation of ... to the quadriceps tendon insertion at the proximal pole of the patella, orthogonal to the long axis of the leg This slice was chosen as it was the largest slice visible across all subjects The ... cross-sectional area A primary action of the distal portion of vastus medialis is to dynamically restrain the natural tendency of the patella to track laterally [1] Therefore, the relationship between vastus...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... day of treatment, before SBRT-FFF session (visit 0); visit during the course of the treatment; visit at the end of the last session; visit within 60-90 days from the end of the Evaluation of dosimetric ... resolution of 2.5 mm A feature of TrueBeam™, applied to all the patients in the study, is the so-called ‘jaws tracking’ mode In this mode, the main jaws of the LINAC are dynamically moved by the control ... addition, the time factor linked to the very high dose rates available, suggests that FFF beams might be of interest also in the case of respiratory gated treatments where the trade-off of low duty...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:21

... the design of the study and in the analysis and interpretation of data and reviewed the manuscript DRE and GGG participated in the acquisition of data and in the analysis and interpretation of ... to the quadriceps tendon insertion at the proximal pole of the patella, orthogonal to the long axis of the leg This slice was chosen as it was the largest slice visible across all subjects The ... cross-sectional area A primary action of the distal portion of vastus medialis is to dynamically restrain the natural tendency of the patella to track laterally [1] Therefore, the relationship between vastus...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... battery energy density The energy density is a measure of the total energy that a battery can store It is the area under the curve for the plot of the voltage versus the capacity of the battery A battery ... density (εw) of a battery, it involves the determination of the standard voltage of the cathode/anode system under 11 thermodynamic equilibrium condition and the total formula masses of the cathode ... dependent on the nature and stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface as well as the stability of the electrode structures [24] Therefore, the search for the best-performing combination of anode...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:10

... is one of the main research focuses in the field of LIBs nowadays [1] At present, one of the main obstacles that hinder the commercialization of LIBs in EVs/HEVs is the significantly lower power ... lithium The advantage of the last two types of anode materials is their large capacity while the disadvantage is their poor cyclability These anode materials will be discussed in detail in the following ... quantity of the powers was added into a measuring cylinder, which was then taped until the volume of the powders did not change anymore The tap density was identified to be the ratio of the quantity...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:18

... oxidation or the reduction potential of the compound In that case, the optical band gap ( from the UV spectra) is considered to be the band gap of the compound We can obtain either of the HOMO or the ... optimization of the entire complicated synthetic route for their synthesis have made this work worthy, useful and important from its synthetic point of view The wide range of promising applications of the ... at the semiconductor adjacent to gate If the Fermi level of the metal of source or drain is close to the HOMO level of semiconductor then holes can be injected from the metal to the HOMO of semiconductor...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:24

... 2.1 Synthesis of TM1 - TM3 66 Chapter Scheme 3.1 Synthesis of the target compounds (POLY1 – POLY6 and TM4 – TM5) 99 Chapter Scheme 4.1 Synthesis of TM6 and TM7 125 Scheme 4.2 Synthesis of the polymers ... to be of low molecular weight (Mw = 6,000) most probably because of the reduced reactivity of the disubstituted acetylenic monomers toward polymerization The other variety of this type of polymer ... Synthesis of the intermediates (1 – 10) 163 Scheme 5.2 Synthesis of the polymers (POLY10 – POLY15) 170 Chapter Scheme 6.1 Synthesis of TM9 and TM11 xxiv 202 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Pyrene: The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:19

... simulate the effect of the stabilizer concentration (Cs) on the deposition rates of nickel (RNi) and the phosphorus (RP) respectively on the basis of the electric double layer theory A series of experiments ... presentation of experimental setup for evaluation of electromagnetic shielding property of the Ni-P layer on the modified PDMS 164 Fig 6.13 Temperature profiles of the copper sheet in the alternating ... surface is one of the problems usually met in ENP The adsorption of tiny hydrogen bubbles at the surface of a plated Ni-P deposit is regarded as the root cause of micropitting The formation of such...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:01

... angle, thickness and the dielectric constants of the layers as well as the used laser wavelength and the geometry of the coupling prism By iterative optimization of the parameters, the simulated reflectivity ... polarisers in which the first polarizer adjusts the intensity of the incident beam and the second controls the polarisation direction, before it reaches the prism followed by the sample A refractive ... in the middle of the trough Two barriers compress or expand symmetrically at the same rate from two sides of the trough Monolayers were obtained by spreading 100-150 μL of the polymer in chloroform...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:36

... Owing to the formation of −O -H hydrogen bonds among the –OH groups of the aggregated polymer, the nucleophilicity of the oxygen atom increases, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the SN2-type ... calcination of the C12PPPC11OH-silica composite, the peaks due to the polymer were absent in the FTIR spectrum (Figure 5.4A) The FTIR spectra of the silica particles prepared in the presence of the second ... that of the polymer, indicating no significant effect on the electronic structure of C12PPPC11OH incorporated into the composite The absorption maxima of the 153 Synthesis and Characterization of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:37