loan phenomena in sign language situations

... computed-based understanding of sign language, and hence they are described in more detail in the following sections 1.4 Linguistic Expressions in Sign Language 1.4.1 Conversation Regulators In ASL, specific ... from spoken languages [1] The similarities have been found in structures and operations in the signer’s brain, in the way the language is acquired, and in the linguistic structure All languages ... manifold for modeling and tracking a face, segmenting and recognizing six facial expressions in video sequences In the training stage, Active Shape Models were used for detecting and tracking 2D facial...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... those interested in sign language began to examine the use of sign language in mother–child interactions and home settings The first such studies, appearing in the 1960s and 1970s, usually involved ... deaf education, sign language interpreting, and others Moreover, in contrast with researchers studying development in most other languages, those involved in research on sign languages (given ... comparative study of sign languages in general and, particularly here, of the acquisition of sign languages Problems of Transcribing and Glossing Sign Language Without making use of line drawings or video...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 06:49

... by different signers In this classification mode, we have used 70% of the data for training and the remaining 30% for testing The training and testing sets contain mixed samples of all signers The ... recognition stage Offline training mode is usually done when the training data is large (due to large number of classes or excessive variability within each class) or the recognition is in user-independent ... the motion Setting it to zero results in treating all pixel differences as motion; setting it to a high value results in discarding some motion information, and so forth Following [2], the value...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... another language The ones who use loan words may loan information or loan meaning Words borrowed into different languages are sometimes spelled as in the original language (such as many of the loanwords ... Sometimes loanwords retain original (or near-original) pronunciation, but undergo a spelling change to represent the orthography of the adopting language In fact, most languages modify loanwords ... BACKGOUND I.1 Comparison of languages and cultures Language mixing phenomena seem to be indispensable during the globalization process in Vietnam in particular and other countries in general Today, many...

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 11:54

... amount of time spent studying the language and then output, expressed as linguistic performance when investigating language learning In order to examine language learning in the Japanese context ... setting intelligence and aptitude play a dominant role in learning, while exerting a weaker influence in an informal setting The variables of situational anxiety and motivation are thought to influence ... Teachers In order to make the language learning process a more motivating experience instructors need to put a great deal of thought into developing programs which maintain student interest and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... … (nouns indicating the subordinated categories) according to on the basis of … (feature used for classification) Language functions 4.3 Comparing and Contrasting Comparing means putting two or ... mathematical induction A point set in S in the plane is called bounded if … For a point set in space the definition is similar; we … By way of analogy, the ALU may be thought of as a super adding-machine ... adding-machine We define an accumulation point of S in exactly the same way as we did for point set on the line Sweden, like Finland, has very large resources of timber * * * * The following linking words...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 20:20

... tests combine in a language to produce natural-sounding speech and writing Collocations run through the whole of the English language, - To point out of the collocational errors in the language ... combine with “hammer”, two verbs combine (14) “When the receiving team wins a volley, *it gains the with “javelin” and two verbs combine with “ hurdle” right serving and the players rotate …” instead ... in Athletics, 15.44% in Boxing, 8.72% in Swimming and 6.71% in subjects to play with a ball However, 87(58.39%) in all 149(100%) are correct collocation and 62 (41.61%) in all 149(100%) are incorrect...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

... has an intriguing collection of old photos and info (Chinese) in the Qingjing Community Development Association hall If interested in a tour, call her at 0952-218966 (she speaks Mandarin Chinese, ... new line will mean that trains starting at Beitou Station will no longer proceed to the current terminal station, Taipower Building Station, instead proceeding to the terminus on the Xinyi Line, ... Strange Fruit A — Visiting a Water Caltrop Farm in Tainan ACTIVE FUN 50  MXing in Nangang B — Having Fun and Meeting a Local Legend at the Extreme Sports Training Center 38 Travel in Taiwan TAIWAN...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 11:12

... reasons for the significance of language learning strategies in language teaching Firstly, by examining the strategies used by second language learners during the language learning process, educators ... exposure to the target language, they contribute indirectly to learning since they not lead directly to the obtaining, storing, retrieving, and using of language. ” (Rubin & Wenden, 1987:23-27) ... Creating mental linkages B Applying images and sounds C Reviewing well D Employing action II Cognitive A Practising B Receiving and sending messages strategies C Analysing and reasoning D Creating...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... mom.hands mom.point Value objects child is looking at objects child is touching objects care-giver is looking at objects care-giver is touching objects care-giver is pointing to ing information: ... generalisations here The main challenge in this reduction is finding a way of expressing the non-linguistic information as part of the strings that serve as the grammatical inference procedure’s input Here we ... and the intended topics That paper also gives instructions on obtaining the corpus 1.2 Previous work There is a growing body of work on the role of social cues in language acquisition The language...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... be used in the construction That is, beginning with only characters in the lexicon and using the training data to alter the current lexicon in each iteration This is also an interesting direction ... discriminative training does not necessarily outperform maximumlikelihood training until we have enough training data (Ng and Jordan, 2001) So it is possible that discriminatively trained model ... special means for OOV handling While relying only on characters gives moderate performances in ASR, properly augmenting new words significantly increases the accuracy An interesting question would then...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... ordering signs for the English sentence ” I saw an exciting video.” VIDEO EXCITING/INTERESTING SEE ME Sign space location agreement requires that nominals are assigned consistent positions in signing ... HamNoSys interface by UEA colleagues within ViSiCAST T Hanke 2002 Hamnosys in a sign language generation context In R Schulmeister and H Reinitzer, editors, Progress in sign language research. (In honor ... its position by signing the sign at the same location or by anaphoric pointing at that location This form of agreement is achieved by in- clusion of a model of signing space within the HPSG feature...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... enabling relation exists between the two actions (opening the bottle and pouring the wine) In fact, a long causal cnaJn may Oe required to connect the two acts, with an enaClement link being only ... we not know that the the wine being poured came from the previously mentioned bottle This inference Js made in the program by a slot-filling demon called the CONTAINER-FINDER, attached to t h e ... separate mechanisms to trace links with different orlentatlons In o u r wine example, the COMMON-SOURCE test Is responsible for establishing containment, since wine is known to be OUTPUTFROM...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... either taking the initiative in automatically printing these implicitly requested values or for engaging in a dialog with the user to determine whether they should be printed We begin by observing ... the data base administrator (DBA) responsible for providing a formal query language definition of the virtual relations produced In this case that would take the form of defining GEOBASE* as the ... problem in translating to a formal query language such as SQL However, when various combinations of existential and universal quantification are involved in a logical form, the corresponding quantification-indicating...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... two aspects: (I) to define a precise semantics that strictly correct in all cases; (2) In general, therefore, Chat treats nested definite noun phrases as introducing '*indexed sets", although ... predicates over indexed sets Consider, for example, "Are the major cities of the Scandinavian countries linked by rail?" In cases involving aggregate operators such as "total" and "average", an indexed ... the general issue of storing and accessing nonprimitive information, to be discussed below in section D B which would Querying Semantically Complex Fields My general feeling here is that one should...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... language procesN sing includes claims that new perspectives on l i n g u i s t i c a l l y interpretable hierarchical representations that arise in language behavior are introduced by including ... d with appropriate masculine/feminine indicators (Jayez, 1982) The issues are not whether human brains work in a universal fashion, but instead raise questions of how interpreted levels of representation, ... as on-line production of these morphemes in an attempt to determine in which way these morphemes are related to the words Are they unified with the word in a l l instances or only in certain contexts?...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... The culminated process expression play the Minute Waltz can combine sn'aightforwardly with the in- adverbial, indicating how long it takes to reach the culmination point of finishing playing the ... preparation as ongoing and no longer asserts that the original culmination even occurred There would be no contradiction in continuing (7) Harry was reaching the top asin (8) Harry was roaching the top ... process of playing the Minute Waltz in less than $ix~ seconds as lasting for more than an hour The expression it took me , finally, is like an in- adverbial in that it is looking for a culminated process...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Most natural language problems involve sparse matrices, since there are many words in a natural language and the great majority not appear in, for example, any one document Domains in which matrices ... approaches infeasible It is also of interest in the context of adaptivity, since it has the potential to adapt to changing input The learning update operation is very cheap computationally Assuming ... long This has the effect of introducing an implicit learning rate, since the vector only begins to grow long when it settles in the right direction, and since further learning has less impact once...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... questions in this study The results had significant, positive outcomes Students improved significantly, avoiding literal translations when writing in the second language My interest in describing and ... first language make learning the second language easier because students not have to re-learn, in the new language, what they already know in their native language Understanding a concept in the ... communicating in a second language For example, students employ strategies such as using an invented form of a word of his/her native language, combining it with the morphology or phonology of the principles...

Ngày tải lên: 24/02/2014, 18:20

... gained popularity in the study of grammatical aspects of child language learning in both research and clinical settings After about age (Klee and Fitzgerald, 1985), MLU starts to reach ceiling ... Researchers looked for each language structure in the IPSyn scoring guide, and recorded its presence in a spreadsheet In set B, scoring was done in a two-stage process In the first stage, each transcript ... manual scoring Histogram of Point Differences (3 point bins) 60 50 Frequency (%) number by the total number of decisions The pointto-point measure is commonly used for assessing the inter-rater...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22