liquid liquid extraction and supercritical extraction

... dramatically by use of liquid carbon dioxide; as a result extractions were attempted at 60 bar and 20ºC These conditions were found to be as effective as supercritical extractions and extraction yields ... removed and the liquid crystals were recovered and retained for analysis Following extraction the glass was extracted with DCM to enable the calculation of the percentage recovery RESULTS Initial extractions ... obtained Extractions of larger defunct display devices (Figure 2) has also been attempted and was found to be successful at 250 bar and 40ºC and gave high recoveries (96%) Analysis of the liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:50

... Micelles in Liquid- Liquid Extraction 2.6 Equilibrium Studies on Liquid- Liquid Extraction of Amino Acids using Reversed Micelles 2.7 2.8 13 Kinetics Studies on Liquid- Liquid Extraction and Stripping ... two-phase liquid- liquid extraction and stripping (re -extraction) of an amino acid Equilibrium and kinetics studies were performed to achieve a better understanding of the use of reversed micelles in liquid- liquid ... conclusions of the work performed and some proposals for future studies 2.1 Literature Review Typical Liquid- Liquid Extraction and Stripping Processes Separation by liquid- liquid extraction involves the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 21:28

... applicable, and this is a distinct handicap operating against the choice of extraction There are other more subtle differences and even similarities between LIQUID EXTRACTION liquid extraction and other ... TREYBAL Liquid Extraction TYLER Chemical Engineering Economics VILBRANDT Chemical Engineering Plant Design WALKER, LEWIS, MCADAMS, AND GILLILAND Principles WILSON AND WELLS Coo/, Coke, and Coal ... C.S.T on cooling, and on heating, a vapor -liquid critical condition (vapor phase of the same composition and density as one of the liquid phases) occurs Ether is LIQUID EQUILIBRIA and water form...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:33

... throughout the extraction period The extraction was performed at 90 W (extraction solvent: ethanol) and 60 W (extraction solvent: acetone) microwave power After the pre-defined extraction period ... curcumin using ethanol and ( ) % extraction of curcumin using acetone Fig Curcumin extraction by supercritical CO2 ( ) % Extraction of curcumin from curcuma powder using supercritical CO2 3.3 ... 2669–2690 [21] V Mandal, S Dewanjee, R Sahu, S.C Mandal, Design and optimization of ultra-sound assisted extraction of curcumin as an effective alternative for conventional solid liquid extraction of...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... Bio-Oils and Bio-Chemicals 327 Iñaki Gandarias and Pedro Luis Arias Chapter 11 Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Gasoline Fuel Oxygenates by Microwave Irradiation 357 Armando T Quitain, Shunsaku Katoh and ... of liquid fuels (e.g., ethanol, butanol and 2,3-butanediol) and other products (e.g., acetic acid and butyric acid) Chapters and overview the production and applications of biobutanol Chapter ... describes production methods for gases and other products Chap‐ ters 12 and 13 introduce hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation, and DC and im‐ pulse plasma -liquid systems, respectively Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... Bio-Oils and Bio-Chemicals 327 Iñaki Gandarias and Pedro Luis Arias Chapter 11 Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Gasoline Fuel Oxygenates by Microwave Irradiation 357 Armando T Quitain, Shunsaku Katoh and ... of liquid fuels (e.g., ethanol, butanol and 2,3-butanediol) and other products (e.g., acetic acid and butyric acid) Chapters and overview the production and applications of biobutanol Chapter ... describes production methods for gases and other products Chap‐ ters 12 and 13 introduce hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation, and DC and im‐ pulse plasma -liquid systems, respectively Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... Federal Republic of Germany Switzerland: VCH, PO Box, CH-4020 Basel, Switzerland United Kingdom and Ireland VCH, Wellington Court, Cambridge CB1 lHZ, United Kingdom USA and Canada: VCH, 220 East 23rd ... Solid Liquid Sepurution Technology Here, gravity sedimentation, involving a difference m density between solids and liquids, is used to produce an essentially clear overflow of liquid and a concentrated ... and Calculations 29 1.11 Filtration Process Equipment and Calculations This section deals with the description and specification of largescale filters, and mchdes aspects of plant selection and- scale...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:35

... (H)-pyran-4-one and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural; P-RPM contains less amino acids and monosaccharides and has a lower pH value than R-RPM [31] In recent years, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ... (Labscan, Thailand) was used for preparation of standards and sample extraction Reference compounds of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D- glucopyranoside (THSG, 1), emodin (2) and physcion ... the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, China (Batch numbers 110844200505, 110756-200110 and 110758-200610 respectively) Preparation of standard and sample solutions The three...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... bubble final volume and bubble shape have been pointed out and validated by many investigators, of which the liquid viscosity and gas -liquid interfacial tension are of importance, and modeling their ... Newtonian liquids based on the interfacial element method proposed by Tan and Harris (1986) Liquid viscosity and gas -liquid interfacial tension are important variables affecting gas bubble formation and ... and breaks off Tsuge and Hibino (1978) pointed out that the function of inertial and viscous forcesψ derived by Kupferberg and Jameson (1969) from the potential flow theory assuming a ideal liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 12:39

... industry: – Extraction of fats – Extraction of caffeine  Density-stepping SFE – used as a form of “minichromatography” See M McHugh and V Krukonis, Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice, ... speed and capability as well as expense Study Problems and Further Reading  For more information about SFC, see: – M McHugh and V Krukonis, Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice, ... applied! 16 Supercritical Fluids  Supercritical properties of CO2  The fluid – intermediate between a liquid and a gas  Obtained in a not-so-sudden manner (there is no real transition) Supercritical...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... bed and avoid wall effects and channeling The particles mean diameter was evaluated by electronic microscope and the results indicate a particle diameter of 0.214 mm 2.2 Supercritical fluid extraction ... of Microbiology and Parasitology – UFSC, Brazil) and Bacillus cereus ATCC11778; and the yeast strain Candida albicans ATCC 14053 The cultures were incubated at 36 °C for 18 h and then diluted ... from supercritical CO2 at 15 MPa and 30 °C and 40 °C The results of the biological activity of shiitake extracts obtained using high-pressure and low-pressure techniques indicate that: both extraction...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... cells and immune system cells (e.g., lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) For the circulatory system and bone marrow in which cells can occur in a liquid suspension and ... (Conwell and Huang, 2005; Schreier, 1994; Chapter Tomlinson and Rolland, 1996) There have been two major approaches proposed: the viral mediated and non-viral mediated gene transfection (Ledley and ... design, in the aspect of interactions between material and gene, material and cells as well as gene and cells In order to tackle the disadvantages and shortcomings with current drug delivery devices,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... microscope and compared after day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, respectively Chapter 43 3.3.6 Statistical analysis All the data were statistically analyzed to express the mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) and ... instance emulsification and electrospinning as well as post-processing conditions like scaffold handling and incubation) that may result in partial removal of amino acid groups and conformation change ... highest cytotoxicity and F3 shows the lowest one, while F2 and F4 show an intermediate cytotoxicity A possible explanation is that HAp helps to promote cell attachment and growth, and hence increases...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... segmental bone defects Aebli and colleagues (Aebli et al., 2005) and Saito and colleagues (Saito et al., 2005) reported that BMPs improve bone regeneration in vivo, and BMP-2 has been found to ... different As a result, P and τ have multiple solutions From Table 4.2, one can see that τ values for all scaffolds and control are all between and 1, which means that BMP-2 and ALP curves for all ... 76 weeks, F2 slows down and F1 catches up to the same score as F3 and F4 At the week 6, all bone defects have healed perfectly for scaffolds F1, F2 and F4, while control and F3 are only partially...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... release test, about 60% (40, 60 and 85% for A1, A2 and A3 respectively), 30% (18, 31 and 50% for B1, B2 and B3 respectively) and 16% (8, 16 and 24% for C1, C2 and C3 respectively) of the DNA ... observed in corresponding samples between groups A and B, as well as between A and C For example, comparison was made between A1 and B1, and between A1 and C1 It was shown in Figure 5.9(a) that group ... the subscript “1”, “2” and “3” for groups A, B, and C represents the different loadings of HAp 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively Figure 5.2 shows the micrographs of groups A, B and C fibers respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... the sonication of organic and aqueous mixture Table 6.1 Chapter 114 summarizes the composition of the emulsion of the groups (A, B and C) and samples (A1-A3, B1-B3 and C1-C3) The detailed fabrication ... properties of groups A, B and C, and are consistent with the in vitro release profiles of BMP-2 plasmid from different scaffolds (Nie and Wang, 2007), As naked Chapter 119 DNA and DNA/chitosan nanoparticles ... Here, A1, B1 and C1 Chapter 122 obtained the highest percentages of lacunae and their defects have perfectly healed by then In Figure 6.6, the lacunae in A1, B1 and C1 were enlarged and compared...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... (Onishi and Machida, 1999) extracted from crustaceans and has been shown to be non-toxic in animals (Rao and Sharma, 1997) and humans (Aspden et al., 1997) Due to its good biocompatibility and cytotoxicity ... release and adhering cells On the other hand, supercritical CO2 technique is a versatile foaming tool to produce micro-porous structures with particular pore sizes and shapes Here, the morphology and ... sample After these cycles the volume of the liquid and liquid- impregnated sample is V2 When the liquid- impregnated sample was removed, the remaining liquid volume is V3 The porosity was expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... rate of DNA and subsequent expression of target protein is too low, especially in the initial stage (Figures 7.5a and 7.7b) Therefore, an initial and significant release of DNA is demanded in order ... K4 and K20 peptides and the surface physical properties of the foams were investigated using a series of state-of-the-art techniques, such as SEM and XPS BMP-2 plasmid was used as a model DNA and ... conjugation K4 and K20 were employed to study the effects of chain length and surface charges on the adsorption and release patterns of plasmid DNA Blank PLGA foams were sterilized with 70% ethanol and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... scaffolds was maintained and in vivo and satisfactory performance of bone healing was observed For the case of BMP-2 plasmid delivery, the optimization of dosage forms on cytotoxicity and transfection ... helped improve the formation of new bone and the healing of segmental defects in vivo Groups A, B and C released DNA or DNA nanoparticles in different ways and time frames (Chapter 5), thus their ... on cell adherence, cell viability and in vitro expression The results suggest that PLGA/chitosan composites fabricated by the combination of spray drying and supercritical CO2 foaming techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... solutions 3.12 Calibration Standard (CAL) A solution prepared from the primary dilution standard solution or stock standard solutions and the internal standards and surrogate analytes The CAL ... described above and analyzed within 14 days However, 525.2-13 these samples MUST be dechlorinated and acidified immediately prior to fortification with internal standards and surrogates, and extraction ... refrigerated and analyzed within 14 days However, these samples MUST be dechlorinated and acidified immediately prior to fortification with internal standards and surrogates, and extraction using...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20