length direction probability distribution function f2

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:18

... field? Distribution of molecules is given by distribution functions We will consider two such distribution functions: • Distribution on the height (or potential energy) in a gravitational field • Distribution ... speeds between v and v + Δ : v The function P(v) = gives the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function of molecular speeds Remark that the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function depends on temperature ... Chapter XIV Kinetic-molecular theory of gases – Distribution functions §1 Kinetic–molecular model of an ideal gas §2 Distribution functions for molecules §3 Internal energy and heat capacity...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 04:20

... ν1 η1 = (3) ξk k=1 where ν1 has the distribution function A (x) with the generating function a1 (z) Suppose ξk have the stable law with the characteristic function t ϕ(t) = exp{iµt − c|t|α[1 ... |at − 1|2 where C is a constant independent of ε and ψ 1(t) is the characteristic function with the distribution function Ψ1 (t) respectively Proof We have +∞ |ψ(t) − ψ1 (t)| = | |ϕ(t)|z d[A(z) ... we have ρ(Ψ, Ψ1 ) K1 ε1/6 where K1 is a constant independent of ε, Ψ(x) and Ψ (x) are the distribution function of η and η respectively π ; ρ Then we have the Lemma 2.1 Let a is a complex number,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

... interest, such as a final cost (the prior probability distribution) , with acquired data to form an updated probability distribution (a posterior probability distribution) This argument contrasted ... should be tapped and subjective probability distributions elicited from the experts to represent cost uncertainty Procedures for eliciting subjective probability distributions in cost risk analysis ... probabilistic: to express the uncertainty in a cost estimate as a probability distribution over a range of possible costs To get probability distributions for the characteristics and costs of new and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... of characteristic function of (8), which is expressed as Pr{ˆm x = x} = 2π ∞ ϕxm (ω) exp(−jωx)dω ˆ (9) −∞ Notice that, since ϕxm (ω) in (8) is a function of m, its PD is also a function of m In ... results describe the discrete distribution of {ˆm , xm }, which is not continuous Gaussian x ˘ distribution In the following section, we will use the discrete nature of the distribution to reconstruct ... characteristic function of the time domain samples of M-QAM/OFDM symbols As an example, theoretical discrete PD for both QPSK and 16-QAM cases is derived The discrete nature of these distributions...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... of characteristic function of (8), which is expressed as Pr{ˆm x = x} = 2π ∞ ϕxm (ω) exp(−jωx)dω ˆ (9) −∞ Notice that, since ϕxm (ω) in (8) is a function of m, its PD is also a function of m In ... results describe the discrete distribution of {ˆm , xm }, which is not continuous Gaussian x ˘ distribution In the following section, we will use the discrete nature of the distribution to reconstruct ... characteristic function of the time domain samples of M-QAM/OFDM symbols As an example, theoretical discrete PD for both QPSK and 16-QAM cases is derived The discrete nature of these distributions...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... the cyclic prefix is the copy of a part of x, the derivation of the distribution of the samples in x completely determines the distribution of the transmitted signal We assume hereafter that all ... given by ˆ Pr Xl = √ √ M − 2k − τ = Pr Xl = M − 2k − τ Probability where k ∈ {0, 1, , √ M − 1} = √ , M (2) Page of ˆ The characteristic function of Xl and X l, l Î {0, 1, , N - 1}, is given ... ω/N) N k = k=0 N 2τ ω N ϕxm (ω) = cos ˆ Notice that, since ϕxm (ω) in (8) is a function of m, its ˆ PD is also a function of m In other words, the mathematical expression of PD in (9) has a large...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... Proposed method in I Probability of the decision in I Proposed method in Y Probability of the decision in Y Probability of the decision in Cb Proposed method in Cr Input face image Probability of the ... that is, the probability of selection is So zero Euclidean distance represents probability of that is why σC has been subtracted from The maximum probability corresponds to the probability of ... random value with distribution function of Ψ According to the central limit theorem (CLT), the normalized sum of a sequence of random variables tends to have a standard normal distribution with...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... Let us introduce the following error function defined by a Bernoulli random variable: ⎧ ⎪1 ⎨ if bi = bi , / ξ bi = ⎪ ⎩0 Nonparametric Probability Density Function Estimation Let fX (x) be the ... the channel model; Gaussian function for a simple additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, a mixture of Gaussian functions for an AWGN CDMA receiver, or other distributions used for Rayleigh, ... nonparametric estimates of a density function, ” The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol 27, no 3, pp 832–837, 1956 [4] E Parzen, “On estimation of a probability density function and mode,” The Annals...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... fractal-like a-C nanostructure Each stage is defined with a particular length (li) and radius (ri), where stage has the biggest length and radius In a multistage model the total enhancement factor ... present the static structure factor S(k) plot obtained using Eq where U(k) is the reduced intensity function, G(r) = 4pr[p(r) - p0] and p(r) is the average density of neighbors a distance r from a ... observed previously and explained in terms of the presence of adsorbates that enhances the tunneling probability [27] In general, the curve suggests that the FE from the nanostructures follows the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 26/07/2014, 14:32

... a(t) x + b(t)) → G ( x ) In the one-dimensional case F t is a probability distribution function whenever F is a probability distribution function This is not the case for dimension d > Consider the ... limit distributions G Definition 2.2 A bivariate distribution function F is said to be in the domain of attraction of a bivariate distribution function G if G has non-degenerate marginal distributions ... {bn } ∈ R Definition 1.1 A univariate distribution function F, belong to the maximum domain of attraction of a distribution function G if G is non degenerate distribution There exist real valued...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2015, 22:59

... volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8905 Beth A Middleton Editor Global Change and the Function and Distribution of Wetlands Editor Beth A Middleton National Wetlands Research Center US Geological ... 17604-3003, USA e-mail: chris.williams@fandm.edu B.A Middleton (ed.), Global Change and the Function and Distribution of Wetlands, Global Change Ecology and Wetlands 1, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4494-3_1, ... sufficient information for genus-level identification, while the distribution of the stumps provides information on tree density and size-class distribution The logs provide information on tree size,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 20:20

... THE DISTRIBUTION OF WORD LENGTH IN TECHNICAL RUSSIAN k (LENGTH in LETTERS) Figure 39 40 ANTHONY G OETTINGER TABLE Word length Frequency Sample 1 10 11 12 13...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... / ∑Pr(B|Ei)Pr(Ei)  Notice the model transformation from prior probability to posterior probability © 2010, Quoc Le & Van Nguyen Probability for Computing Gradual Change in Our Confidence in Algorithm ... Le & Van Nguyen Probability for Computing Example F A B C © 2010, Quoc Le & Van Nguyen E G D Probability for Computing Example F A B C E G D E1 = BE © 2010, Quoc Le & Van Nguyen Probability for ... Van Nguyen Probability for Computing 11 Example F A B C © 2010, Quoc Le & Van Nguyen E G D Probability for Computing 12 Example F A B C © 2010, Quoc Le & Van Nguyen contract E G D Probability...

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 18:20

... same value of des(w) On the other hand, the length distribution W (q) = q l(w) w∈W does make sense in
[[q]], and is known to be a computable rational function in q (see equation (6)) The formula ... shows that any such function on S will extend (by the above formula) to a well-defined additive function on W
Recall [Hu, §1.11, §5.12] the fact that W (q) is a rational function in q, which ... of maximal length in W when W is finite From equation (2), we conclude that W (t, q) is also a rational function in t and q (in fact a polynomial in t with coefficients given by rational functions...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:20

... ask about various limiting probability distributions Perhaps the three most interesting questions are as follows • What, if any, is the limiting behavior of probability distribution of the number ... the joint distribution of objects of various sizes? We not discuss this See Arratia, Barbour, and Tavar´ [1] for some results e • What, if any, is the limiting behavior of probability distribution ... the distribution is concentrated at because Cn /An → by Theorem If C(R) diverges, the distribution is often normal Arguments for normality usually rely on analytic properties of the generating function...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:20

... perimeter generating function of the polygon model without punctures is finite, then all three cases lead, up to normalisation, to the same limit distributions and scaling function conjectures ... limit distribution of area exists and is given by the Airy distribution [28, 29, 30] For self-avoiding polygons, it is conjectured that an area limit law exists and is given by the Airy distribution, ... area generating function P(x, q) Let < xc < ∞ be the radius of convergence of the half-perimeter generating function P(x, 1) Assume that there exist a constant s0 ∈ [−∞, 0), a function F : (s0...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:23

... analysis revealed a striking analogy with the genomic distribution of telo boxes and plant microsatellites Results Definition of the telo box and distribution in different genomic regions An initial ... Moreover, as has been reported for Arabidopsis microsatellites [19], there is a distribution gradient of telo boxes along the direction of transcription The telo boxes (which are observed at a lower ... site II motifs or TEF boxes (Additional File 1) Figure shows the topological distribution of these elements This distribution is similar to that observed for rp genes in Arabidopsis [11] An illustration...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21