learning sub word units for open vocabulary speech recognition

... the learned sub- words compared to the baseline. Table 1 shows the percent of Hits: sub- word units predicted in OOV regions, and False Alarms: sub- word units predicted for in -vocabulary words. We ... out-of -vocabulary words (OOVs). For comparison we evaluate a baseline method (Rastrow et al., 2009b) for selecting units. Given a sub- word lexicon, the word and sub- words are combined to form ... Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 712–721, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Learning Sub- Word Units for Open Vocabulary Speech Recognition Carolina...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Unsupervised Learning of Sub- word Units We used about 30 minutes of phonetically tran- scribed Japanese speech from one speaker 6 provided by Maekawa (2003) for our unsupervised learning experiments. ... algorithm for efficient allophone modeling. In ICASSP, pages 573–576. J. G. Wilpon, B. H. Juang, and L. R. Rabiner. 1987. An investigation on the use of acoustic sub- word units for automatic speech recognition. ... third column indicates that learning how to map the learnt (allophonic) units to phones requires rela- tively more transcribed speech. 4.3 Inspecting the Learnt Sub- word Units The most frequent 3-,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... before the labial stop /p/, the cor9nal nasal/n/ before the coronal stop/t/, and the velar nasal/7// before the velar stop/k/. This constraint, like subject-verb agreement. poses a problem for ... vowel/I/. 3. This formulation of the eonst/'aints is oversimplified for exlx3,sltory convenience; see [10. lJ. 15] and references thereto for discussion of the more subtle issues. Lax ... invariants; allophonic variation is traditionally seen as problematic for recognition. (I) "In most systems for sentence recognition, such modifications must be viewed as a kind of 'noise'...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... com- pare our model’s word representations with several bag of words weighting methods, and alternative ap- proaches to word vector induction. 4.1 Word Representation Learning We induce word representations ... 2 shows classification performance on our subset of IMDB reviews. Our model showed superior per- formance to other approaches, and performed best when concatenated with bag of words representa- tion. ... data available. For all word vector models, we use 50-dimensional vectors. As a qualitative assessment of word represen- tations, we visualize the words most similar to a query word using vector...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... results of subsequence C 1:i during decoding. At each position i, we enumer- ate all possible word- POS pairs by assigning each POS to each possible word formed from the charac- ter subsequence ... (MLE) over the corpus. For instance, if the word w appears N times in training corpus and is labelled as POS t for n times, the probability Pr(t|w) can be estimated by the formula below: P r(t|w) ... linguistic probabil- ities of a word sequence. It is an important measure of fluency of the translation in SMT. Formally, an n-gram word LM approximates the probability of a word sequence W = w 1:m with...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... - qualified teachers. (good) 24- We need further ___________________ (inform) 25- This book is very ________________ (inform) 26- Look at the ___________________. Rain Bi looks handsome. (advertise) 27- ... is full of all kinds of ________________. (pollute) 70- He used all his ____________ to force the door open. STRONG 71- The police are interested in the sudden ____________ of the valuable painting. ... ___________________ which are hardly recognized by themselves. (limit) 39- The website is not ___________________ for teenagers. It’s ________________ (use) 40- Their ___________________ is always good. (communicate) 41-...

Ngày tải lên: 24/06/2013, 01:27

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:01

... Colleet Colour Combine Commonly Communicative Comparison Compete Complaint Completely Complexity Coneentrate Conclusion Conditional Confidently Conserve Continental Continuation WORD FORMS-5 Realization (un)reasonable Reecive (un)recognizable Recovery Reduce Refual Relatively WORD FORMS-19 VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB MEANING Religious Reliably Remove Repetition Research Response Resposible Restrictively Retirement Painfully Parental Part Particularly (im)patient Pay Peaeeful Pereeption Permit WORD ... MEANING Religious Reliably Remove Repetition Research Response Resposible Restrictively Retirement Painfully Parental Part Particularly (im)patient Pay Peaeeful Pereeption Permit WORD FORMS-17 VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB MEANING Personally Pity (un)pleasant Poison (im)politeness Political Pollute Possession Potentially WORD FORMS-2 VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ... MEANING Intelligent Intend Intensely Interview Earthly Easily Economy Educationally Effeet Electric Embarrassment Emit Employment Encourage Endless Energetically Enjoyment Richly Enter Enviromental Equipment WORD FORMS-8 VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB MEANING WORD FORMS-1 VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB MEANING absence Absorbent/tive/bed acceptence enable accessible accomplish accurately achievement In/active add Advertising/sement advisable Dis/agreeably agricultural amuse anger apparently Destructive Develop Determination Dietate Dead Differently Difficulty Directly Dirty Disappoint Discovery Discuss Distant Distribution Divisible Drain Dust WORD...

Ngày tải lên: 01/12/2013, 07:11

... versions of Word to Word 2007. You won’t find any of the following in Word 2007: AutoFormat Save All Close All Save As Web Page Character Animation Speech File Search Wizards Frames WordPerfect ... good, yet unimaginative, way to start Word 12 The better and best ways to start Word 13 Starting Word by opening a document 15 Behold Word! 16 Maximize Word s window size 16 Look! Up on the screen! ... 19 The mouse pointer in Word 20 Cajoling Word to Help You 21 When You’re All Done 22 Quitting Word 22 How to quit what you’re doing without quitting Word 23 Putting Word away for a spell 24 02_036583...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 03:15

... words, for example “hội nghị khoa học”. So, instead of comparing a 4-syllable word with two sub 3-grams, we should consider it with two sub distinct 2-grams. Meanwhile, the latter favors words ... Vietnamese word segmentation is very problematic, especially without a manual segmentation test corpus. Therefore, we perform two experiments, one is done by human judgment for word segmentation ... numbers. Second, using a stop word list, we remove common and less informative words based on a stop word list. Performing word segmentation task on d we get a segmented document. Finally, d...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 11:15

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 00:41

... chính, tiền bạc Finance for education comes from taxpayers • financial • financially • financier Formula: Công thức • formulate / • reformulate • formulation / • reformulation Function: ... experience. The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car. Margarine can be used as a substitute for butter. A substitute teacher • substitution Sustain: (~maintain ) Duy trì, ... - 9 - Substitute: Thay thế Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother. The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience....

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2014, 17:52