... used to model the bipolarlead
acid battery and also to use the results for up-scaling the
battery. This is the reason for ®tting the results of the 12 V
bipolar leadacidbattery to an empirical ... discharge
Fig. 7. Peukert plot for a 12 V laboratory scale size bipolarleadacid battery.
Fig. 8. Q
disch
vs. I
disch
for the 12 V bipolarleadacid battery.
M. Saakes et al. / Journal of Power Sources ... a bipolarlead acid
battery can deliver a very high speci®c power because of
the very high current densities possible (in the order of 2±
4 A/cm
2
).
We conclude that the bipolarleadacid battery...
... both
sex).
Uric acid levels
Lead is known to inhibit uric acid secretion thereby
increasing serum uric acid levels. Serum uric acid levels
were therefore measured to use it as an indirect measure
of lead ... workplace lead exposure.
Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicated that workers in leadacidbattery repair units of the
transport service enterprises are not protected from possibly high lead ... CY, Guu CF, Ko KN, Chi HY, Chang
PY: A study of the relationship between ambient lead and
blood lead among leadbattery workers. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health 1997, 69:295-300.
Journal of Occupational...
... of
electrolyte diffusion and paste conductivity on leadacid battery
Ž.
performance, J. Power Sources 46 1993 49–60.
wx
12 D.B. Edwards, P.W. Appel, Modeling leadacid batteries that have
positive electrodes ... The Twelfth Annual Battery
Conference, IEEE 97th 8226, California State University, Long
Beach, CA, 1997.
wx
10 D.B. Edwardsm, P.W. Appel, Conductivity model for lead acid
battery electrodes ... designs. However, we believe the
strategy provided in this paper could lead to a substantially
improved high power, leadacid battery.
References
wx
1 K. Hardy et al., Advanced Vehicle System Assessment,...
... speculative
claims.
In suggesting that a carbon |lead acid HES device could offer
improved performance over a standard VRLA battery, partly
because of the replacement of the lead negative electrode with
one ... performance of the
carbon |lead acid HES device, due to the incorporation of lead
into the carbon electrode, clearly makes it a stronger develop-
ment proposition. The presence of lead in the negative ... 3–10
Review
The role of carbon in valve-regulated leadacidbattery technology
ଝ
P.T. Moseley
a,∗
, R.F. Nelson
b
, A.F. Hollenkamp
c
a
International Lead Zinc Research Organization, 2525, Meridian...
... Corrosion; Picric acid; Phosphoric acid; Boric acid; Tin sulphate; Leadacid battery
1. Introduction
During the last two decades the leadacidbattery has been
widely used in battery driven vehicles ... electrodes of a leadacidbattery in 5 M H
2
SO
4
with binary
additives such as mixtures of phosphoric acid and boric acid, phosphoric acid and tin sulphate, and phosphoric acid and picric acid. The ... behaviour of the individual electrodes
and the battery as a whole. In this study, a lead salt battery is
also investigated. In three different types of lead salt battery
we used: (i) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
alone,...
... structure
of the lead and lead dioxide deposits was also studied in a
Journal of Power Sources 149 (2005) 103–111
A novel flow battery A leadacidbattery based
on an electrolyte with soluble lead( II)
IV. ... Flow batteries; Lead acid; Methanesulfonic acid
1. Introduction
In recent papers [1–3], a novel flow battery has been re-
ported. The battery is based on the electrode reactions of
lead( II) in methanesulfonic ... methanesulfonic acid (see Eqs. (1)–(3) in the pre-
vious paper [3]). The reactions differ from those in the tradi-
tionallead acidbattery[4,5]because lead( II)ishighlysoluble
in methanesulfonic acid [6].
During...
... collaboration by the Advanced Lead Acid
Ž.
Battery Consortium ALABC .
2. The Advanced LeadAcidBattery Consortium
The responsibility for ensuring that the best possible
leadracid batteries become available ... valve-regulated
leadracid battery, is described in Section 3.
3. Advances in valve-regulated leadr
rr
rr
acid electric-
vehicle battery technology
The major advances in the development of valve-regu-
lated leadracid ... build a new generation of leadracid batteries.
As a starting point, it was decided that the electric-
vehicle battery must be maintenance free. Thus, the flooded
leadracid battery that was introduced...
... reserved.
Keywords: Leadacid batteries; Micro-porous additives; Compressed electrodes
1. Introduction
Since the appearance of the first battery in 1860 [1],we
are trying to improve the leadacid batteries ... decohesion
phenomenon leading to an acceleration of the capacity loss
[12].
This study proposes an innovative solution in order to im-
prove both cycling life and performance of a very low cost
lead acidbattery ... solution proposed in this paper to improve both cycling life and performances of a very low cost leadacidbattery is the
combination of the compression concept and the use of micro-porous additives...
... separator in the leadacidbattery is examined.
3.1. Separator types
First a classi®cation of the different separators is in order.
There are two broad categories of leadacidbattery separa-
tors:
... International Lead Acid
Battery Seminar 17-19 ILZRO, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,
1991.
[7] J.A. Wertz, ALABC Project B-005.1 Final Report, January
2000.
[8] P. Ruetschi, Review on leadacidbattery ... Separators used in lead acid
batteries have equally been classi®ed according to their
structure as skeletal and ®ber separators. The ®rst class is
generally found in `¯ooded' vented leadacid batteries...
... discharge.
()
R. Flores, L.M. BlancorJournal of Power Sources 78 1999 30–34 31
dynamic response of a leadacidbattery negative plate has
wx
been reported by Saakes et al. 11 . Saakes and van Duin
wx
12 ... simple means to
differentiate the impact of expanders on the performance
of negative plates in leadacid batteries. The resulting
discharge and recharge transients show the effect of the
expander ... 101.
wx
8 D. Pavlov, E. Bashtavelova, V. Iliev, in: K.R. Bullock, D. Pavlov
Ž.
Eds. , Advances in LeadAcid Batteries, The Electrochemical Soci-
ety, Pennington, NJ, 1984, p. 16.
wx Ž.
9 K. Das, K....