layer growth of oxides and sulfides

... ClOÀ and ClÀ solutions The tubes have an average diameter of 40 nm, a length of 30 lm, and a wall thickness of about 10 nm Fig 1c and d shows SEM images of nanoporous WO3 prepared in ClOÀ and ... case, bundles of WO3 nanopore structures show an average pore diameter of 40 nm, and a structure length of 16 lm Based on our direct observations and as confirmed by a time sequence of experiments, ... number of initiation sites and thus to a rapid growth and coverage of the surface with nanotubular bundles The same effect can be observed when using W as the substrate material instead of Ti (Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... decomposition of NH4Cl enhances the porosity of the Al melt thereby promoting the transfer of Al into the gas stream On the other hand, the reaction of NH4Cl and Al leads to the formation of AlCl3 ... In, we find that incorporation of NH4Cl leads to the complete transfer of the solids of In and NH4Cl into the gas stream of N2 Indium has a low melting point of 156 °C and once molten it forms a ... heated up in a flow of N2:NH3 it leads to the formation of AlN around the source of Al which in turn inhibits the transfer of Al into the gas stream and consequently the growth of AlN At high temperatures...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... FACET GROWTH OF GaN AND THE OVERGROWTH WITH ZnO ZHOU HAILONG (B.Sc., M.Eng., Shandong Univ.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ... smoothness of the growth front (a) Nucleation of GaN islands inside the stripe pattern aligned along the [112 0] direction The merging of these islands resulting in the ¯ formation of a slow growth ... (1122) and c-plane surface orientation ¯ Hailong Zhou, Soo Jin Chua and Chen Peng Journal of Crystal Growth, 292, pp.5-9 (2006) Improvement of microstructural and optical properties of GaN layer...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:52

... a candidate target of miR-23a miR-23a expression level 20 growth activities at the same time points (Fig 2A) To detect the effect of miR-23a on the long-term and independent growth activity of ... because of its higher fold of upregulation in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues Although the extent of upregulation of miR-23a in the four pairs 3730 of gastric tissues showed great variance because of ... the regulatory effects of miR-23a on the expression of IL6R by RT-PCR and western blot, and found an inverse correlation between miR-23a and IL6R expression at both the mRNA and protein levels To...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, in Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Research Conference: Education and Economic Development (Cleveland, OH: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2004); W Steve ... service offered, at least one meal offered and site visits to monitor implementation of quality standards [W Steve Barnett, Jason T Hustedt, Kenneth B Robin, and Karen L Schulman, The State of Preschool: ... Assumes 50% of participating students are poor and receive the full benefit and 50% of participating students are not poor and thus receive only one-half of the total benefit Assumes 80% of participating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 20:20

... and emission of nm and quartz cells of 1-cm path length; the excitation and emission were recorded at wavelengths of 496 and 516 nm, respectively The A laidlawii B cells were grown and cell growth ... the effective hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity of the GS ring-size analogs and the magnitude of their perturbation of phospholipid bilayer membranes and the growth of A laidlawii, generally agrees ... analogs of GS, their relative potencies at perturbing the organization and increasing the permeability of phospholipid bilayer model membranes, and of causing the lysis of A laidlawii B and human...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... gold and silver and ruled much of Mexico, Central and Latin America Britain, France, Germany, Holland, Italy and Portugal colonized most of Asia and Africa and took complete control of trade and ... sugar cane and banana plantations of the West Indies (Caribbean Islands), rubber plantations of Malaya, and coffee and coco plantations in Africa and South America produced huge profits for the ... prices of gems and other precious metals have also been increasing though the increase is not uniform or comparable with gold Land and Property The third part of wealth comprises of land and property...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 14:20

... episodes and cases of rapid credit growth; discusses possible implications for macroeconomic and financial stability; and discusses the pros and cons of a number of instruments—both macroeconomic and ... Funding of the Credit Growth 19 Menu of Policy Options in Responding to Rapid Credit Growth 24 Boxes Analysis of the Nature of Credit Growth .7 Appendices I Data and Methodology ... acceleration of credit growth The distinctive feature of this paper is that it concentrates on the supervisory and prudential implications of rapid credit growth, and on how prudential and supervisory...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... lake bio®lms and lesser but signi®cant roles of Fe oxides and organic material Adsorption of Cd to the lake bio®lms was dominated by Fe oxides, with lesser roles of Mn and Al oxides and organic ... analysis of Cd adsorption isotherm data for extracted and unextracted bio®lms Error bars indicate 2one standard deviation than that of organic material and Al oxides and similar to that of Fe (Fig ... isotherms, and Pb adsorption was almost an order of magnitude greater than that of Cd (Figs and 3) Extraction with NH2OHÁHCl and Na2S2O4 signi®cantly reduced both Pb and Cd adsorption, and adsorption...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:12

... concentrations of growth damage resulting from the significant reduction (5%) of growth and yield of chinese cabbage and lettuce were 50-100 mg kg-1 and 10-25 mg kg-1, respectively The growth of radish and ... yield of the edible part of chinese cabbage, radish, and lettuce grown at the Cd treated soils Contents of As and Cd in edible part of chinese cabbage, radish, and lettuce The contents of As and ... adverse effect of As and Cd on the growth of chinese cabbage, radish and lettuce and to establelish the critical level of elements in chinese cabbage, radish and lettuce Materials and Methods A...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:07

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... tension of gold and indium and the surface energy of silicon and silicon oxide Fig SEM image of the indium droplet distribution after a desorption step had been carried out Fig SEM image of the ... enhancement of decomposition of a silicon oxide layer by indium were found From the phase diagrams In–Si and Au–Si (Fig 4), it can be seen that the solubilities of silicon in gold and indium at our growth ... wire growth Conclusions The different behavior of gold and indium on Si(1 1) has been described and analyzed An explanation based on differences of solubilities of surface atoms in gold and indium...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:17

... importance of human capital’s contribution to growth: The main engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital – or knowledge – and the main source of differences in living standards among ... Externalities and other indirect effects related to education, health, and population growth: higher educ attainment and achievement of children better health and lower mortality of children better ... lower number of births Increased earnings (higher productivity) Education Lower population growth and better health of population (and labor force) Higher growth Increased earnings of neighbors...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... expressed are those of the author and not necessarily reflect the views of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand © Reserve Bank of New Zealand ISSN 1175-4117 Introduction The second half of the 1990s witnessed ... current and lagged values of the Ramey-Shapiro military-buildup dummies and of the growth in the world price of oil For New Zealand, I use a similar procedure as an approximation Instead of using ... in the growth of labour, a slight decrease in the contribution of labour quality to growth, and an increase in the contribution of capital per worker to growth Since 2001:3, the trough of GDP,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... Professor at the Faculty of Environment and Chemistry, Hung-Yen University of Technology and Education His research activities are related with the design, fabrication and characterization of ... structure of SnO2 The broad and well-defined reflections were observed at 2Â = 26.51, 33.67 and 51.78 corresponding to (1 0), (1 1) and (2 1) planes, respectively, in the XRD spectrum of the annealed ... formation of a polycrystalline SnO2 thin film The estimated value of the lattice constants were found to be a = b = 4.734 Å and c = 3.185 Å (JCPDS 21-1250) The value of the crystallite size of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... cubes Growth of two types of cubes bigger (length of each side 5–8 mm) and smaller (length of each side 0.5 mm) for the anisotropic crystal can be adjusted by balance between the thermodynamic and ... et al / Journal of Crystal Growth 311 (2008) 152–155 solution was transferred in a glass beaker with a sphericalconcave cap with the radius of curvature of the surface of 10 cm and an orifice (1 ... theoretically [24] and also observed experimentally [25] A proposed growth mechanism A proposed growth mechanism for SnO2 micron cube-shaped crystals, in terms of chemical reactions and crystal growth is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... thickness of *6.5 nm Combining the structural analysis of TEM and AFM, the as-prepared hematite particles are of nanodiscs in 123 J Nanopart Res Particle nucleation and growth Fig a TEM image of hematite ... absence of surfactants under mild conditions, and no need of toxic precursors and high-temperature decomposition in organic solvents The nanodiscs (diameters of *50 nm and thickness of *6.5 nm) ... phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), and perchlorate on the shape and size of hematite and other transition metal oxides They reported that the presence of Cl- ions could result in rhombohedral...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:08

... basis of such materials, it is necessary to expand our understanding of gas sensor mechanism in nanoand polycrystalline oxides For example, it is necessary to establish the role of morphology and ... reducible oxides as TiO2, Fe2O3, SnO2, and ZnO, where shallow donor states provide a rise to a high density of electrons in the conduction band 2.4 The role of morphology and porosity of metal oxides ... There are the works of Yamazoe and coworkers in the field of ceramic type sensors [26,44,56–62], in which a direct correlation between grain size of metal oxides and gas sensitivity of conductometric...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:11

... with 11% of those with the lowest income Although most men and women had a birth by age 40 (76% of men and 85% of women), there are differences by poverty level and Hispanic origin and race in ... fedreg_1997standards/ 36 Martinez GM, Chandra A, Abma JC, Jones J, Mosher WD Fertility, contraception, and fatherhood: Data on men and women from Cycle (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth ... planned and funded by the following programs and agencies of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services: • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development • Office...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... indirectly by comparison of the growth of T atroviride wild-type (WT) and Dnag1 strains on various carbon sources [11] To elucidate the role of nag2 and the combined roles of nag1 and nag2 in T atroviride, ... control to show normal growth and sporulation of the knockout strains, and (C) minimal medium with chitobiose Dnag2-I and Dnag2-II are Dnag2 strains C2332 and A523, and nag1Dnag2-I and nag1Dnag2II are ... the standard deviation of the growth rate for the respective groups of strains The average carbon source utilization profiles of the Dnag2 and Dnag1Dnag2 strains were highly similar to those of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22