lévy walks and flights as optimal search strategies

... health, and pre-clinical sciences and also covers life sciences, including some aspects of biology, environmental science, marine biology, plant and animal science as well as biophysics and chemistry ... the searcher Researchers have developed search strategies to help retrieve scientifically sound, clinically relevant articles while searching in MEDLINE To date the majority of the search strategies ... study) was 89% beyond chance (kappa statistic, CI 0.78 to 0.99) [22] One research assistant then hand searched all articles in each issue of the 29 journal subset and indicated if the article was...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... Review: Hash tables • Hash table (or hash map): array of linked lists for storing and accessing data efficiently • Each element associated with a key (can be an integer, string, or other type) • Hash ... elsewhere (like the C standard library) and makes the code executable Athena is MIT's UNIX-based computing environment OCW does not provide access to it Functions and variables as symbols • Let’s ... binary search tree, used for databases and file systems • Priority queue - ordering data by “priority,” used for sorting, event simulation, and many other algorithms 23 B-tree structure • Binary search...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2013, 08:07

... oral lesion), duodenitis, gastric cancer, vascular ectasias, coagulopathy, hypertrophic gastropathy (Menetrier's disease), aorto-enteric fistula Melena and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Chief ... room and response Past Medical History: Previous episodes of asthma, COPD, pneumonia Baseline arterial blood gas results; past pulmonary function testing Family History: Family history of asthma, ... jaundice Nasogastric aspirate quantity and character; transfusions given previously Past Medical History: Liver or renal disease, hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal varices, aortic surgery Past Testing:...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 13:15

... learning strategies, as well as gender differences in language learning strategies and give rationale for the study Chapter two describes and justifies the research methods, participants, as well as ... Social- affective strategies Social strategies Cognitive strategies Affective strategies Interpersonal strategies Cognitive strategies Cognitive strategies Memory strategies Compensation strategies ... Communication strategies and Social strategies are also mentioned in his later classification (Rubin, 1987) However, he considers learning strategies, communication strategies and social strategies...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... Figures and depict the variation in the optimal price as k and t vary; Figure confirms that for a fixed t, the optimal price increases as the number of buyers who have already bought the item increases ... influence -and- exploit strategies, which only uses two prices (the price zero and the optimal (myopic) price) and does not attempt to find the right offer sequence (it visits buyers in a random sequence) ... extreme prices and random orderings) and it is not clear how much we lose, restricting our attention to this class of strategies In this section we show that they compare favorably to the optimal revenue-maximizing...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... TBBT, and a number of related benzotriazoles and benzimidazoles, at the NTPase/helicase sites of HCV and the related viruses Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and WNV, as well as the human NTPase/ ... containing most of the ATPase and helicase activities ( 80%) were pooled and used to investigate the enzyme properties The JEV NTPase/helicase was expressed in E coli [31] and purified according ... lM, 235 lM and 4.2 lM for WNV, HCV, JEV and Suv3(D1–159) NTPase/helicases, respectively, and 4.7 pmol of DNA substrate (concentration of nucleotide base) as described in Materials and methods...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... Artemia biomass can also be considerably affected by various technical aspects, such as harvesting strategies (Brands et al., 1995; Baert et al., 1996, Anh and Hoa, 2004) Hence, substantial research ... generated from Asian countries, with China and Vietnam ranking as the first and third global producers Among the top ten Asian producers, Vietnam experienced the fastest growth between 1985 and 2005, ... one thousand hectares and it was reported that the total aquaculture area and productivity have increased 2.1 and 2.5 times, respectively, compared to that in 1996 A similar tendency was also...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 18:58

... that has no significant effect on plasma cholesterol levels and the R46L variation, a naturally occurring variant associated with hypocholesterolemia [31] and reduced plasma PCSK9 [22] As shown ... Rivier JE & Fischer WH (1994) Monitoring protein kinase and phosphatase reactions with matrix-assisted laser desorption ⁄ ionization mass spectrometry and capillary zone electrophoresis: comparison ... vivo in human plasma; (b) in the case of the propeptide, phosphorylation is decreased in the naturally occurring ‘loss-of-function’ R46L and A53V PCSK9 variants; and (c) decreasing the level...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... different behavior of gold and indium on Si(1 1) has been described and analyzed An explanation based on differences of solubilities of surface atoms in gold and indium and on the different surface ... bare and oxidized substrate as well as on the surface tension of the liquid metal alloys has been presented Silicon nanowires have been grown via VLS mechanism with the use of gold and indium as ... [13] As the surface tension of most liquids decreases in a nearly linear fashion with increasing temperature [14], there is a wide difference between the surface tension of the Au–Si alloy and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:17

... 271) PKA was purified from bovine heart as previously described [11] PKG and cGMP were purchased from Promega; MAPK, CaMKII, and calmodulin from Upstate; and CK1, CK2, and Cdk1 from New England Biolabs ... inhibitor-1 and DARPP-32 were generated as previously described [13,14] Recombinant tyrosine hydroxylase was kindly provided by P Fitzpatrick and C Daubner, Texas A&M University Purified histone H1 and ... Activities and some properties of 5¢-nucleotidase, adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase in tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates in relation to the control of the concentration and the physiological...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... (which was 4.9 mm and mLặmin)1, for the case of CoA, and mm and 1.7 mLặ min)1, for the case of dephospho-CoA), the aliquots were analysed as described above In parallel, luminometer based assays ... luciferase and acyl-CoA synthetases, our achievement is not as strange as it seems to be and supports the theory that nowadays rey luciferase evolved from an ancestral acyl-CoA synthetase [1] ... the presence and in the absence of PPase (Fig 8) As expected, the decay was more pronounced when higher concentrations of ATP and LH2 were used and even more pronounced when PPase was simultaneously...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... 7.4, 2.2) Scheme PEP carboxylase, and enolase Compounds 2a–e, 2g–i and 3c are new, and for that reason their synthesis and characterization is also reported, as well as an improved method for the ... UÆmL)1 of pyruvate kinase and mM MgCl2 or 0.05 UÆmL)1 of pyruvate kinase and mM MnCl2 PEP carboxylase activity was determined in a coupled assay with malate dehydrogenase, as described previously ... pyruvate kinase/L-lactate dehydrogenase assay Obviously, this methodology was not applied with compounds 1b–e (also 1f and 2f when Mn2+ was present) as they are good inhibitors of pyruvate kinase In...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... the study The study is based on the researcher’s work and research at Ernst & Young during 2007 – 2009 During that time the researcher was responsible for researching and creating several thought ... reports and issues to be covered, background research as well as the writing of the texts and figures were carried out by the researcher himself As an additional certification of the researcher’s ... the research problem and the pulp and paper industry is presented in the chapters that follow There is a wealth of management literature and research on areas such as strategy, globalization and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... combustion sensors He served as Researcher at NSC-Taiwan for a short period After that he joined as a Researcher with sensors and standards group at CMS/ITRITaiwan His research interests are optical ... the flow rates of saturated air and dry air, and ‘f’ was the coefficient of this system which was dependent on temperature and flow rate The homemade simple apparatus has been developed for producing ... stability and optical transparency of the composite films The IR spectrum of the hydrated titanium dioxide [h-TiO2 ] shows a large broad band between 3250 and 3490 cm−1 and narrow bands at 1641 and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 21:57

... (e→t)→(e→t)→t, N → e→t}) A rule that has A on the left-hand side and B1 , , Bn as right-hand side nonterminals has its left-hand side annotated with a well-formed λ-term M that has type σ(A) under the type ... Montague semantics for English and such “linear” grammar formalisms as (multi-component) tree-adjoining grammars (both as string grammars and as tree grammars) and multiple context-free grammars ... like free variables In the case of the second-to-last rule, the principal typing is We then obtain the corresponding database (3) and query (4) from the antecedent and succedent of this judgment,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... glutathione, mgÆmL)1 reduced RNase A and 0.25 mgÆmL)1 recombinant GmPDIM and was incubated at 25 °C An aliquot (16 lL) of the reaction mixture was removed and RNase A activity was measured spectrophotometrically ... of the resulting peptides were mapped as described previously [20] Oxidative refolding assay with reduced RNase A PDI activity was assayed by measuring RNase activity produced through the regeneration ... thiol-oxidoreductase P5 [7] The recombinant form of GmPDIM was active as it could refold RNase A that had been reduced and denatured The specific activity of GmPDIM was very similar to those of GmPDIS-1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... the cells were harvested, and the extracts were prepared for luciferase assay Luciferase activity was measured by the Luciferase Assay System (Promega, Madison, WI) as described previously [26] ... expression plasmid Total DNA was kept at 0.5 lg with pUC19 plasmid Cells were harvested 48 h after transfection, and luciferase activity was measured Extents of fold activation of luciferase gene ... coli strain DH5a and purified The in vitro protein–protein interaction assay (Ôpull-downÕ assay) was carried out as described previously [23,24,26] The p65 protein was synthesized and labeled with...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 09:32

... studies, and national co-ordinator and an investigator of ASSENT 3+, CLARITY, TROICA, ASSENT PCI, CIPAMI and STREAM He is the co-ordinator for the early defibrillation programme and special tasks ... journals including the European Heart Journal, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, and the Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, and serves as main editor of the Austrian Journal of Cardiology He is ... has authored over 50 publications in the field of emergency care in journals such as Stroke, Circulation, Critical Care, the European Heart Journal, and the New England Journal of Medicine, and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 12:20