... giống nhau (ví dụ, “qua”, “hoa” đều thành “wa”). - Vần: Âm đệm /-w-/ hoặc bị lược bỏ (loan → lan, luyến → liến…), hoặc được nhấn mạnh thành âm chính (loan → lon). Các nguyên âm đôi /ie, ... “ay” đọc thành /a/ (ví dụ, tay → tai). Một số nơi thuộc vùng ĐNB phát âm vần “êm êp” thành”im ip (đêm → đim). - Phụ âm cuối: Phát âm không phân biệt /-n / với /-ŋ / (tan – tang), /-t/ với...
Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2013, 16:09
Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17
Automation of Call Setup in IP Telephony for Tests and Measurements
... waiting for a response. Next, it is necessary to send a set of digits for user ID (optional) and wait for a response. Entering a set of digits for user authentication (optional) and waiting for a ... TESTS interfacing to the IP network via a LAN. One possible configuration for sup- porting and testing black phone to black phone voice calls over an IP network is shown in Figure B-1. Generic information on ... testbed for measuring the call setup performance of IP- PSTN GWs. E, Ethernet link; T1, CAS or PRI link; BRI, basic rate interface links. NTS stands for network time server; it provides timing information...
Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2013, 07:20
Tài liệu Megabit Modems 310F/320F ADSL Modem Pair For LAN Applications ppt
... over ADSL Internetworking: High-performance Ethernet bridging at maximum ADSL speed Dynamically learns up to 8,192 addresses Service Port: Serial interface for local configuration and management ... 14.0 cm) Ordering Information *Note: Replace the “ x ” with one of the following digits: 2 = Include power supply for International use, no power cord 3 = Include power supply for North American ... American power connector/cord 4 = Include power supply for European use, European power cord 5 = Include power supply for European use, UK/Ireland power cord. ...
Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 17:15
Tài liệu Some Pre-Analysis Techniques of Remote Sensing Images for Land-Use in Mekong Delta docx
... less than forest one); 5. Mangrove forest level 1 (thick forest with older Rhizophora); 6. Mangrove forest level 2 (thin forest with younger Rhizophora); 7. Mangrove forest level 3 (forest with ... and forest forest one) Rice field after harvest Mangrove forest level 1 (thick forest with older Rhizophora) Rice field Mangrove forest level 2 (thin forest with younger Rhizophora) Nipa Mangrove ... for land use mapping and also mangrove forest mapping. The preliminary results of remote sensing application for land use mapping were mentioned in this study. SPOT images image can be used for...
Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 06:16
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: " Mining the Web for Language Learning" pdf
... examining extracting language knowledge from the real-time web for translation in news scenarios. Additionally, we are actively min- ing other language pairs to build a multi-language learning system. Acknowledgments We ... System Demonstrations, pages 44–49, Portland, Oregon, USA, 21 June 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Engkoo: Mining the Web for Language Learning Matthew R. Scott, Xiaohua ... potential by exploiting its massive language resources. Direct user feed- back and implicit log data suggest that the service is effective for both translation utility and language learning, with advantages...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Word Alignment for Languages with Scarce Resources Using Bilingual Corpora of Other Language Pairs" pptx
... alignment approach for languages with scarce resources using bilin- gual corpora of other language pairs. To perform word alignment between languages L1 and L2, we introduce a pivot language L3 and ... word alignment for languages with scarce resources using bilingual corpora of other language pairs. To perform word alignment between languages L1 and L2, we introduce a third language L3. ... word alignment for languages with scarce re- sources using bilingual corpora of other language pairs. To perform word alignment between lan- guages L1 and L2, we introduce a third language L3...
Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A module that computes coordinative ellipsis for language generators that don’t" pdf
... syntactic form) without any form of coor- dinative ellipsis. The resulting non-elliptical structures are input to ELLEIPO, which computes and executes options for coordinative ellipsis. ELLEIPO’s ... Susi Artikel 117 ELLEIPO: A module that computes coordinative ellipsis for language generators that don’t Karin Harbusch Computer Science Department University of Koblenz-Landau PO Box 201602, ... coreferences and contrasts. ELLEIPO takes as input a non-elliptical syntac- tic structure that should meet the following four canonical form criteria (see Fig. 1 for the input tree corresponding...
Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Scalable Probabilistic Classifier for Language Modeling" pdf
... Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling. Com- puter Speech and Language, 13:359–394. S. Chen and R. Rosenfeld. 2000. A Survey of Smooth- ing Techniques for ME Models. IEEE Transactions ... in Stochastic Language Modeling. Computer, Speech and Language, 8:1–38. B. Roark, M. Saraclar, and M. Collins. 2007. Discrimi- native n-gram Language Modeling. Computer, Speech and Language, 21:373–392. R. ... Collection for Text Categorization Research. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5:361–397. A. Mnih and G. Hinton. 2008. A Scalable Hierarchical Distributed Language Model. In Advances in Neural Information...
Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage: A New Model for Language Learning" potx
... Linguistics Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage: A New Model for Language Learning Smaranda Muresan Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA smara@umiacs.umd.edu Owen ... belong to the grammar lattice. In Figure 2, is conformal to the given sub- language . If the sublanguage were clear loud noise then would not be con- formal to since and thus the specialization step ... con- straints for a future paper, since it is not needed for the main result of this paper. We give below the formal definition of Lexical- 833 called Grammar Approximation by Representative Sublanguage...
Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21
Báo cáo khoa học: " COMPUTING MACHINES FOR LANGUAGE TRANSLATION " pptx
... available for coding the incoming text for insertion into the machine and, after the translation process is completed, for decoding and printing the translation in the output language. Teletype- writers, ... engineers are ready to build the equipment, given the necessary sup- port. Practical mechanical language transla- tion is a definite possibility for the near future. 3 Langer, S. K., AN INTRODUCTION ... translator is imagined to use in converting a sentence from one language (the input language) into a new language (the output language). This process is assumed to consist of (1) transferring...
Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Approximation Lasso Methods for Language Modeling" doc
... dependency and predictive clustering for language modeling. In EMNLP 2002. Gao. J., Yu, H., Yuan, W., and Xu, P. 2005. Minimum sample risk methods for language modeling. In HLT/EMNLP 2005. ... of lasso for statistical language modeling for text input. Owing to the very large number of parameters, directly optimizing the pe- nalized lasso loss function is impossible. Therefore, we ... backward step is vital for model fine-tuning after major features are selected and for coping with strongly correlated features; the fixed step size of BLasso is responsible for the improvement...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Linguistic Service Ontology for Language Infrastructures" docx
... functionality is accessing language resources in response to a user’s query. It also has the meta-information for advertising its non-functional descriptions. The fundamental classes for abstract linguistic ... on the languages considered, and the actual NLP tools, these are essentially idiosyncratic, that are at hand. For example, the notion of ‘chunk’ may be differ- ent from language to language. ... included detailed taxonomies either for language resources, or for abstract linguistic objects, as shown in this paper. Graça, et al. (2006) introduced a framework for integrating NLP tools with...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Unsupervised Learning of Dependency Structure for Language Modeling" potx
... complementary information with the word trigram model in the task of next word prediction. In constructing language models for realistic applications such as speech recognition and Asian language ... In recent years, many efforts have been made to utilize linguistic structure in language modeling, which for practical reasons is still dominated by trigram-based language models. There are ... annotation is required, thereby opening up the possibility for building a language model that performs well on a wide variety of data and languages. The proposed model is evaluated using Japanese...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Interactive Word Alignment for Language Engineering" pptx
... the sentence level beforehand. Input files may be numbered text files or annotated files in XML- format. The annotation records linguistic infor- mation on four levels: word form, base form, part-of-speech ... proved to be useful tools for various language and NLP tasks, such as bilingual lexicon extraction for lexicography, bilingual terminology and machine translation. Although performance is improving, (precision ... proposed link the information inherent in the link is stored in the different dynamic resources. The inflected word forms will be added to the word form re- sources and the base forms to the lemmatized dynamic...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Simplifying Text for Language-Impaired Readers" ppt
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20
Vocabulary and picture prompts for language teaching - book 1 ppt
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "LIMITED DOMAIN SYSTEMS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING" pptx
Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21
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