introduction to ecological risk assessment

... assessment To determine the need for further assessment: A screening assessment may reveal that significant risks are highly unlikely or that the risks are of low priority relative to other risks ... in a screening ecological risk assessment consists of using exposure and effects information to screen the risks into categories The most general categorization is: De minimis—risks that are ... potential risks Finally, as a preliminary stage to the definitive assessment, a screening assessment is performed to narrow the focus of the assessment on those contaminants, media, and receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... unparalleled assessment of the responses of yeast to environmental stressors [2-4] In this study, we used these two genomic approaches to study the response of yeast to arsenic, a toxicant present ... overexpressed, Yap1 confers resistance to several toxic agents, and Yap1 mutants are hypersensitive to oxidants [33,40-44] Conversely, Cad1 responds strongly to cadmium, but not to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ... function together with ubiquitin-ligase enzymes to adhere to the target protein, and are tailored to carry out specific protein degradation in DNA repair, growth control, cellcycle regulation, receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:02

... University of Medical Sciences from January to March 2010 The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1989 Declaration of Helsinki Ethics Statement To evaluate the effect of valsalva ... infiltration, 90% of them had moderate to severe pain using NRS and nobody had NRS=0 (unpublished observation) According to this pilot study the NRS was graded from to 10 157 Before the surgery, patients ... them had moderate to severe pain using NRS (unpublished observation) Presuming that valsalva maneuver during spinal needle projection would reduce pain to 50%; one would need to enroll 30 patients...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:15

... willingness to try genetically modi®ed tomato, although it was clearly of plant origin Responses to LoR chocolate bar and to FlavSavR tomato suggest that the FNS scores may predict responses to unfamiliar ... two factors (Table 1) The ®rst is related to the interest (or disinterest) in trying new and ethnic foods The second appears to relate to a general concern vs carelessness with respect to trying ... e€ect on the willingness to try nine foods: pineapple, strawberry yogurt, bread cheese, beef tomato, pasha, turkey, snails, falafel balls, and genetically modi®ed tomato (Figs 1e,g,h,i and 2a,b,f,i,j)...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... define to a high extent human vulnerability to natural disasters We believe that in order to take one step closer to answering questions about how to improve institutional capacities for floods risk ... the state to come to the rescue In more wealthy countries like Japan state guarantees have allowed significant entry by the private sector into insuring against flood disasters (Kitamoto et al ... in Russia (Kotov 2006) a combination of tools was applied, including (1) introduction of a programme to resettle populations from the affected areas, (2) allocations from federal to provincial...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 10:15

... an investigation into this field should be carried out to contribute to a better process of teaching and learning English Carrying out a contrastive study on verbal responses to compliments in ... study also attempts to suggest some useful implications in order to help language learners improve their language skill to gain their purpose of social communication as well as to make the process ... With the purpose to make an investigation into syntactic and pragmatic features of verbal responses to compliments in their contrast in English and Vietnamese, this study aims to describe and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

... loader to load Linux To create a Linux boot file, we need to copy the boot sector of the Linux partition to a file To this, boot from a Linux rescue diskette and use dd to copy the boot sector to ... per sector: 512 Sectors per cluster: Reserved sectors: Number of FATs: Number of rootdirectory entries: 512 Number of sectors (short): Media descriptor byte: f8h Sectors per FAT: 145 Sectors per ... made to the partition You may press r to re-edit or c to continue It will then ask if you want to write the changes to disk Answer y to save the changes and FIPS will exit Reboot the machine to...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 15:20

... events in (5) are too "disconnected" to support ant" rhetorical relation On the other hand assigning u and B these values allows us to use Subtype and E l a b o r a t i o n to infer Elaboration ... probability: i.e., the one where cotton bag means bag made of cotton Then similarly to (5), Assume Coherence, Subtype and E l a b o r a t i o n are used to infer that the cotton bag is one of the bags ... linguistics, attempts to classify nominal compounds using a small fixed set of meaning relations (e.g., Levi (1978)) are usually thought to have failed, because there appear to be exceptions to any classification...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... assimilation Photosynthetically active radiation temperature Leaf -to- air vapor pressure deficit © The Authors (2006) Journal compilation © New Phytologist (2006) www.newphytologist.org New Phytologist ... Journal compilation © New Phytologist (2006) www.newphytologist.org New Phytologist (2007) 173: 121–134 127 128 Research Fig The average diurnal course of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), ... W3) New Phytologist (2007) 173: 121–134 Total mass = (−5.5 × 10−17) + (0.02 × total area) (R = 0.99, P < 0.0001) www.newphytologist.org © The Authors (2006) Journal compilation © New Phytologist...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... Aristotle until the late nineteenth century, history in the context of the life sciences was always understood as life history As such, history al­ ways stretched across generations What we today ... a domain consisting of items taken to be facts related to that problem, general explanatory factors and goals providing expectations as to how the problem is to be solved, techniques and methods, ... theorizing helped to stimulate fect, however, but rather ontogeny is the short and rapid recapitulation of opposition to the goal of phylogenizing, and also led to a rallying to em­ phylogeny,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... green tomatoes, and the producers’ share of the market surplus was considerably higher for tomatoes than for iceberg lettuce Florida’s mature green tomato industry in particular appeared to have ... lettuce, vine-ripe tomatoes from California, and mature green tomatoes from both California and Florida A central point of the price-spread analysis was to investigate the role of total shipments ... storable, retailers wishing to procure large volumes, for purposes of offering the item on sale for example, must offer favorable prices to create incentives to move the product from storage to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/03/2014, 07:20

... due to some limitations, such as soil type It is impossible to improve up to the levels S1 and S2 in order to extent the area suitable for paddy Limitation factor of soil type is hardly to reclaim ... this method is to divide the landscape of the studied area into specific types of land units called land systems The land system concept, as explained by most scholars, is based on ecological principles ... irrigated agriculture, livestock and forestry production (FAO, 1983; 1984; 1985; 1991 respectively) An example of the application at the national scale of automated approaches to land evaluation that...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 15:20

... originators needed new loans to package and sell to investors; in the rush to provide more loans for securitization underwriting standards were allowed to slip as uncritical use of automated ... every step in the process and greatly complicated the assessment of risks because few investors understand the structure from top to bottom Ultimately this is responsible for the crisis Poor ... products from which to determine a current price, the best possible solution was to attempt to predict prices—so mark -to- market was replaced by mark -to- model, but it was not possible to establish whether...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... corporate sector but they were more likely to lend to private firms than to SOEs At the same time, they continued to be more inclined to lend to firms with long-term enterprise-bank relations, to large ... they appear to be more likely to lend to private firms rather than to SOEs (who used to be the preferred borrowers in the past) We also find evidence of a change in bank lending toward better ... seeks to assess how a major policy regime change – such as the introduction of the currency board in Bulgaria – affects the flow of bank credit to the corporate sector An attempt is made to identify...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... order to significantly improve restoration We wish to show that applying ecological perspectives to restoration can foster a more secure world with fewer limits on human potential Any failure to ... autumn It behooves us to try to understand disturbances in order to mitigate their negative impacts, or at least to learn when it is best to run away and when it is best to stay Disturbances vary ... Restoration has joined conservation as a scion of ecology While ecologists know a lot about restoring land, much remains to be learned and translated into action As is always true, the ability to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... sectors, donors and other actors are advised to consider the following actions to integrate SRH into emergency risk management systems, programmes and plans: • Priority 1: Incorporate SRH into ... multisectoral and health emergency risk management policies and plans at national and local levels Allocate human and financial resources to integrate SRH into the national health emergency risk ... emergencies • Priority 2: Integrate SRH into health risk assessment and provide early warning for communities and vulnerable groups Incorporate assessments of SRH risks, vulnerabilities and capacities...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... these risks As already discussed, the current regulatory approach to credit risk and the commonly used “earnings at risk approach to interest rate risk not take changes in market valuations into ... Cash Flow Risk- free rate +15bps Risk- free rate minus variable negative spread34 Risk- free rate Risk- free rate minus variable negative spread35 Risk- free rate Risk- free rate +15bps Risk- free rate ... Our approach to credit risk modelling follows this tradition However, contrary to most models, we condition credit risk and the yield curve on a common set or systematic risk factors Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20

... Council workshop as a way to help researchers to incorporate effective educational components into their research proposals The goals were to help principal investigators to design educational endeavors ... educators have to offer scientists The field of education has its own research community, and principal investigators (many of whom also consider themselves educators) can tap into that research to ... exists and it is imperative to find it and communicate it to people HOW TO WORK WITH JOURNALISTS One possibility is to work with journalists and journalism educators to expand the public’s understanding...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20