Integrating Linux and Windows 1 • Integrating Linux and Windows By Mike McCune Publisher : Prentice Hall PTR Pub Date : December 19, 2000 ISBN : 0-13-030670-3 Pages : 416 The complete solutions guide for every Linux/Windows system administrator! This complete Linux/Windows integration guide offers detailed coverage of dual- boot issues, data compatibility, and networking. It also handles topics such as implementing Samba file/print services for Windows workstations and providing cross-platform database access. Running Linux and Windows in the same environment? Here's the comprehensive, up-to-the-minute solutions guide you've been searching for! In Integrating Linux and Windows, top consultant Mike McCune brings together hundreds of solutions for the problems that Linux/Windows system administrators encounter most often. McCune focuses on the critical interoperability issues real businesses face: networking, program/data compatibility, dual-boot systems, and more. You'll discover exactly how to: Use Samba and Linux to deliver high-performance, low-cost file and print services to Windows workstations Compare and implement the best Linux/Windows connectivity techniques: NFS, FTP, remote commands, secure shell, telnet, and more Provide reliable data exchange between Microsoft Office and StarOffice for Linux Provide high-performance cross-platform database access via ODBC Make the most of platform-independent, browser-based applications Manage Linux and Windows on the same workstation: boot managers, partitioning, compressed drives, file systems, and more. For anyone running both Linux and Windows, McCune delivers honest and objective explanations of all your integration options, plus realistic, proven solutions you won't find anywhere else. Integrating Linux and Windows will help you keep your users happy, your costs under control, and your sanity intact! Integrating Linux and Windows 2 Integrating Linux and Windows 3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCune, Mike. Integrating Linux and Windows / Mike McCune. p. cm. — (Open technology series) Includes index. ISBN 0-13-030670-3 (alk. paper) 1. Linux 2. Microsoft Windows (Computer file) 3. Operating systems (computers) I. Title. II. Series. QA76.76.O63 M387 2000 005.4'469—dc21 Editorial/Production Supervision: Wil Mara Acquisitions Editor: Miles Williams Editorial Assistant: Richard Winkler Marketing Manager: Kate Hargett Manufacturing Manager: Alexis R. Heydt Cover Design Director: Jerry Votta Cover Designer: Talar Agasyan Art Director: Gail Cocker-Bogusz Illustrations: Wil Mara © 2001 Prentice Hall PTR Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the author and publisher. Integrating Linux and Windows 4 The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, contact: Corporate Sales Department, Prentice Hall PTR, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Phone: 800-382-3419; FAX: 201-236-7141; E-mail: corpsales@prenhall.com Names such as company names, trade names, font names, service names, and product names appearing in this book may be registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks, whether or not identified as such. All such names and all registered and unregistered trademarks, service marks, and logos appearing in this book or on its cover are used for identification purposes only and are the property of their respective owners. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Editora Prentice-Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio de Janeiro Integrating Linux and Windows 5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 3 Introduction 8 Chapter 1. Having Linux and Windows on the Same PC 10 1.1 Partitions 10 1.2 Filesystems 10 1.3 Partition Naming 13 1.4 Linux and Windows 95/98 14 1.5 Setting up Linux and Windows 3x/9x on Separate Partitions 18 1.6 Partitioning an Existing Hard Drive 19 Chapter 2. Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows 29 2.1 Accessing ext2 Partitions with DOS and Windows 3.1 29 2.2 ltools 29 2.3 Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows 9x 31 2.4 Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows NT and 2000 33 Chapter 3. Mounting Windows Partitions with Linux 34 3.1 Accessing Compressed DOS/Windows Drives with Linux 34 3.2 Adding a Partition to the fstab 35 Chapter 4. Emulators 37 4.1 DOS 37 4.2 Windows 37 4.3 VMware 38 4.4 FreeMWare 43 4.5 Win4Lin 43 4.6 Conclusion 43 Chapter 5. Internet Applications 45 5.1 Web Server Compatibility 45 5.2 FrontPage Extensions 46 5.3 Using Microsoft Office Files on the Web 47 5.4 Web Browsers 47 5.5 Email 49 5.6 Streaming Media 51 5.7 Chat 55 5.8 Instant Messaging 56 5.9 Internet Security 56 Chapter 6. Business Applications 61 6.1 Microsoft Office 61 6.2 Corel WordPerfect Office 61 6.3 Other Commercial Productivity Suites 63 6.4 Open Source Office Suites 64 6.5 Web-Based Suites 64 6.6 Reading and Writing Microsoft Office Files 66 6.7 Exporting MS Office Files 66 6.8 Importing and Exporting MS Office Files with Linux 68 6.9 Using MS Office Documents with Star Office 69 6.10 Checkpoints When Importing and Exporting 71 6.11 Financial Programs 72 6.12 Graphics Programs 73 6.13 The Last Word 76 6.14 Conclusions 76 Integrating Linux and Windows 6 Chapter 7. Databases 77 Using Databases 77 Choosing a Database 78 Connecting Databases 78 ODBC 79 Chapter 8. Fun and Games 80 8.1 Games 80 8.2 Game Servers and Extras 83 8.3 Classic Games 83 Chapter 9. The Linux Desktop 84 9.1 Switching Desktops 84 9.2 Configuring Desktops 85 9.3 Themes 87 9.4 Conclusion 90 Chapter 10. Running Applications through a Network 91 10.1 X-Windows 91 10.2 Citrix WinFrame 92 10.3 VNC 94 10.4 Conclusion 109 Chapter 11. Introduction to Windows and Linux Networking 110 11.1 Net BIOS 110 11.2 TCP/IP and Active Directory 110 11.3 Net BIOS over ICP/IP 112 Chapter 12. Introduction to Samba 113 12.1 How Samba Started 113 12.2 How Samba Works 113 Chapter 13. Setting Up Samba as a Windows NT Server 115 13.1 Setting up Samba as a Stand-Alone Windows NT File Server 115 13.2 Adding a Samba Server to an Existing Network 124 13.3 Samba as a Primary Domain Controller 125 Chapter 14. Connecting Linux to Windows PCs 127 14.1 smbclient Command-Line Options 128 14.2 smbclient Commands 131 14.3 smbtar 137 14.4 smbprint 138 14.5 smbfs 138 14.6 Sharity 139 14.7 Conclusion 140 Chapter 15. Printing with Samba 141 15.1 printtool 141 15.2 Testing the Printer 145 15.3 Setting up Samba for Printing 146 15.4 Automatic Print Driver Installation 147 Chapter 16. Using NFS and NIS in Linux and Windows 151 16.1 Setting up Linux as an NFS Server 151 16.2 Using an NFS Client on Linux 154 16.3 Using NFS on Windows 156 16.4 Setting up an NIS Server on Linux 158 16.5 Setting up an NIS Client on Linux 161 16.6 NIS Support for Windows 163 Integrating Linux and Windows 7 Chapter 17. Implementing FTP, Telnet and Other UNIX Protocols in Windows 166 17.1 Setting Up the FTP Server for Windows 167 17.2 Setting up FTP for Linux 168 17.3 telnet and Remote Services for Linux 168 17.4 Secure Shell (SSH) 169 Appendix A. Disk Error Codes 178 Appendix B. Samba Documentation 180 The GNU License 180 The Samba FAQ 184 Just what is SMB? 205 Appendix C. Samba Man Pages 215 Lmhosts (5) 215 nmbd 216 Samba (7) 219 smb.conf (5) 221 smbclient (1) 293 Installation 303 Diagnostics 304 Version 304 Author 304 smbd (8) 304 smbpasswd (5) 310 smbpasswd (8) 313 Appendix D. TCP/IP Documentation 318 TCP/IP Network Resources List 318 Private IP Network Addresses 348 Integrating Linux and Windows 8 Introduction In early 1998, I was looking at re-installing Windows 95 for the third time. Granted, I stress computers more than the average user, but this was getting old. I had been playing around with Linux since early 1995 and it looked like a good time to use it as my primary desktop. I already knew how to install and configure Linux, but I had never used it as a desktop. I found plenty of books on Linux configuration, a few on using it as a server, but nothing on using it as a desktop. Instead I had to scour the Internet for useful information. What I have tried to do for this book is compile what I have learned over the past two years. Hopefully, this will save you the time and frustration of finding it yourselves. So, how does Linux compare to Windows? As with anything else, each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. Windows is king of the desktop for good reason. It has a polished interface and more end-user applications than any other operating system. It is also pre-installed on most new PCs, making it an easy, safe choice for most PCs. These factors combine to give Windows about 90% of the desktop market. Linux is based on UNIX and inherits its security and stability from it. Linux is the most popular choice for public Web servers and it also holds about 25% of the small server market. It is also free (or nearly so) and comes packed with lots of useful tools for programming and server management. These distinctions aren't permanent, however. Several groups are working on polishing Linux's interface. There is also a rush to develop more end-user applications for Linux. Large PC makers such as Dell, Compaq, and IBM are starting to offer Linux pre-installed on PCs. While the market for Linux is comparatively small, Linux grew from less than 1% of the desktop market in 1998 to about 4% in 1999. This is amazing considering the Apple Macintosh, which has been around for 15 years, is holding at 5% of the desktop market. Windows is also working to gain a foothold in the traditional strengths of the UNIX (and Linux) market: security, stability, and scalability. Microsoft put billions of dollars into the recently released Windows 2000 to address these issues. While the jury is still out on whether it succeeded, early reports say that Windows 2000 is much improved over earlier versions of Windows in these areas. There are also many other reasons for choosing an operating system. They can often draw fanatical devotion (just ask a dedicated MacIntosh user). Despite (or maybe because of) its success, Microsoft has some very dedicated enemies. Just search the Internet for "Satan" or "Antichrist" and you will be surprised how many anti-Microsoft sites you hit. The Microsoft Antitrust case was also pushed forward by some dedicated foes. Some users try Linux as an alternative to Windows. It may not be the best way to choose an operating system, but never discount the power of fanatical devotion. Such devotion is not necessary. Linux and Windows can peacefully coexist on the same computer. It is even possible to run Linux and Windows at the same time! The whole first section of this book is devoted to making coexistence as easy as possible. The middle section is dedicated to finding useful applications for your Linux systems. Sometimes the same application is available for both Linux and Windows; in other cases, Integrating Linux and Windows 9 equivalent applications are available; and in a few cases, the applications are only available for Windows. The good news is that most people can do everything they need to do with either Linux or Windows. The last section deals with networking. This is a rather advanced topic, but networking is moving from the Fortune 500 into homes and small businesses at a rapid rate. Networking is getting inexpensive enough to offer the same advantages that large businesses have long enjoyed: sharing files, printers, and Internet connections. The increasing use of high-speed Internet connections in the home will continue to drive up demand for home networking. Fortunately, both Linux and Windows have programs that allow easy connection to each other. Samba allows Linux to act as a Windows file server. Additionally, the NFS and LPD programs allow Windows to use Linux's native protocols. So which is better, Linux or Windows? That is like asking whether a car or truck is better. They are built for different purposes. Windows plays the traditional role of the car; it is more polished and aimed at the mass market. Linux plays the traditional role of a truck; it is durable and intended to be used as a work vehicle. But like cars and trucks, the roles are starting to overlap. Linux is becoming more polished and easier to use and Windows is concentrating more on security and stability. Windows is still the choice for most users' desktops, but it is no longer the only choice. As you will see in this book, Linux is a solid choice for a server and a viable alternative in the desktop market. [...]... | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] [-fFMODE] [-uUID] [-gGID] Linux_ File_old_name Linux_ File_new_name— Renames a Linux file, directory, or symbolic link The switches are the same as lchange • lmkdir [-h | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] [-fFMODE] [-uUID] [-gGID] new _Linux_ directory— Makes a Linux directory The switches are the same as lchange • lln [-h | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] [-fFMODE] [-uUID] [-gGID] LinuxLinkTarget Linux- LinkSource—... Linux partition This will be used if no directory is given otherwise For example, to set the default directory to /root, the command would be lcd /root/ • ldel [-h | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] Linux_ File— Deletes a file, directory, or link using the following switches: o o -v— Version o • -h -? — Help -s— The Linux partition lchange [-h | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] [-fFMODE] [-uUID] [-gGID] Linux_ File— o -h -? —... the second drive K:The CD-ROM drive These drive letters can't be changed in Windows 3x and 9x, but they can easily be changed in Windows NT and 2000 Figure 1.1 Disk Administration for Windows 2000 13 Integrating Linux and Windows For Windows NT, go to Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Disk Administrator For Windows 2000, go to Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Configure Your Server... explanation of how to do this): /sbin/umssync -r99 -c -i+ The -c option will only update existing linux- . - files and not create new files Directories without the linux- . - file in them are ignored by Linux 1.4.7 Working with DOS and UMSDOS Files created by DOS are invisible to Linux unless umssync is used If you try to create a file in Linux with the same name as a DOS file,... etc o -part— Lists all partitions on the drive o • -h -? — The help screen Linux_ Directory— The directory on the ext2 filesystem The default is / lread [-h | -v | -? ] [-s/dev/hd ] Linux_ File [DOS_File]— Lists or copies a file Works like type or copy in DOS The switches are used to denote: o -h -? — The help screen o -v— The version information o -s— The Linux drive name, e.g., /dev/hda1, etc 29 Integrating. . .Integrating Linux and Windows Chapter 1 Having Linux and Windows on the Same PC Section 1.1 Section 1.2 Section 1.3 Section 1.4 Section 1.5 Section 1.6 Partitions Filesystems Partition Naming Linux and Windows 95/98 Setting up Linux and Windows 3x/9x on Separate Partitions Partitioning an Existing Hard Drive 1.1 Partitions There is no need to get rid of Windows to run Linux In fact,... ltools use the Linux- style forward slashes (/) for directories and DOS-style wildcards For example, all the files in the /root directory would be /root/*.* ltools comes with the following programs: • ldir [-h | -v | -? | -part] [-s/dev/hd ] [Linux_ Directory]— Performs like the dir command in DOS or ls in Linux The switches have the following meanings: o o -v— The version information o -s— The Linux drive... attributes Linux also has user, group, and executable attributes These are stored in the linux- . - file The linux- . - file is maintained with the umssync utility This utility will create the linux- . - file if it doesn't exist If the file does exist, umssync will update Linux attributes stored in the file It is a good idea to run this utility often to keep the information up-to-date The following line can... for the section 28 Integrating Linux and Windows Chapter 2 Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows Section 2.1 Section 2.2 Section 2.3 Section 2.4 Accessing ext2 Partitions with DOS and Windows 3.1 ltools Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows 9x Accessing ext2 Partitions with Windows NT and 2000 2.1 Accessing ext2 Partitions with DOS and Windows 3.1 Two tools are used to access ext2 (Linux native) filesystems... DOS /Windows drives: thsfs and DMSDOS thsfs allows read-only support for Double Space and Drive Space (Microsoft's disk compression programs) thsfs is available at ftp://ftp.ai-lab.fhfurtwan-gen.de/pub/ os /linux/ local/thsfs.tgz 34 Integrating Linux and Windows The other program, DMSDOS, uses the loopback device to allow read and write access to compressed drives It supports Double Space Drive Space, and . London Prentice- Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice- Hall Canada Inc., Toronto Prentice- Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice- Hall of. Windows 2 Integrating Linux and Windows 3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCune, Mike. Integrating Linux and Windows / Mike