introduction to cellular systems training course

... Surface-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Bulk-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Micromachined Inductors Microelectromechanical Resonators Comb-Drive Resonators Beam Resonators Coupled-Resonator Bandpass Filters ... warning systems in new vehicles to alert operators when their tires are underinflated (the law was in response to the... companies and laboratories throughout the world promise to deliver, ... about their seamless integration into subsystems and ultimately into complete microsystems One notable example is the evolution of crash sensors for airbag safety systems Early sensors were merely

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... alternate substrate materials to silicon, it is perhaps more appropriate to think of micromachining as a set of tools that can provide solutions to issues specific to devices that currently ... polyimides or photoresist, can be deposited with varying thicknesses from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns Standard photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of 1 µm to1 0 µm,... piezoelectric ... generic tools, then there is no rea - son to limit its use to one material. Indeed, micromachining has been demonstrated using silicon, glass, ceramics, polymers, and compound semiconductors made

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... Introduction to Database Systems Module 1, Lecture Instructor: Raghu Ramakrishnan raghu@cs.wisc.edu UW-Madison Database Management Systems, R Ramakrishnan What Is ... students, courses) – Relationships (e.g., Madonna is taking CS564) y A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases Database Management Systems, ... Database Management Systems, R Ramakrishnan 11 Ensuring Atomicity y y DBMS ensures atomicity (all-or-nothing property) even if system crashes in the middle of a Xact Idea: Keep a log (history) of all

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Series, turn to the back of this book. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering ... Quality Factor and Parasitics in Passive Components Surface-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Bulk-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Micromachined Inductors Microelectromechanical Resonators Comb-Drive ... structures and systems are miniature devices that enable the operation of complex systems They exist today in many environments, especially automotive,... and Stephen Durant and Christopher Eide

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Series, turn to the back of this book. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering ... Quality Factor and Parasitics in Passive Components Surface-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Bulk-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Micromachined Inductors Microelectromechanical Resonators Comb-Drive ... structures and systems are miniature devices that enable the operation of complex systems They exist today in many environments, especially automotive,... and Stephen Durant and Christopher Eide

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... stored file and stored record) ────────── • A stored file is the collection of all currently existing occurrences of one type of stored record • A stored record is a collection of related stored ... objects,* operators, and so forth, that together constitute the abstract machine with which users interact (the objects allow us to model the structure of data, the operators allow us to model its ... relational algebra all apply to relations (possibly to the relations that happen to be the current values of relvars), not to relvars as such; the only operation that applies to relvars specifically

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... look in SQL?──leads to a brief introduction to nested subqueries) Do not get into details of SQL view updating • START TRANSACTION, COMMIT WORK, ROLLBACK WORK No need to get into the effect of these ... chapters could be skipped if the course is concerned only with principles and not pragma But few instructors are likely to enjoy such a luxury One point instructors need to be aware of: Exercise 4.1 ... The term automatic navigation refers to the fact that (in a relational system) the process of "navigating" around the stored data in order to implement user requests is performed automatically

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... operator and function To be specific, SQL uses function to mean an operator that's invoked by means of classical functional notation──or an approximation to that notation, at any rate!──and operator ... 25-27, and you'll need to be prepared for occasional questions prior to that point on the topics you've temporarily skipped As noted in the introduction in this manual to this part of the book, ... but it really ought not to be It's crucial to, and permeates, the proposals of reference [3.3] Regarding selectors: Selectors are a generalization of literals And, of course, "everyone knows"

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... unordered, left to right. 3. Tuples are unordered, top to bottom. 4. There are no duplicate tuples. Now justify them: 1. Regarding normalization: You should be aware that the history here ... might want to point out that null is not a value, so right here we have an overwhelming argument against nulls (as usually understood). • There's no left -to- right ordering to the components. ... implementation is required to assign names to otherwise anonymous columns, but those names are implementation-dependent (they vary from system to system, possibly even from release to release or even

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... ; ; ; VAR COURSE BASE RELATION { COURSE# COURSE# , TITLE TITLE } PRIMARY KEY { COURSE# } ; VAR PREREQ BASE RELATION { SUP _COURSE# COURSE# , SUB _COURSE# COURSE# } KEY { SUP _COURSE# , SUB _COURSE# } ... TEACHER to OFFERING, ENROLLMENT to OFFERING, and OFFERING to COURSE are all properly maintained, the referential constraints from TEACHER to COURSE and ENROLLMENT to COURSE will be maintained automatically ... SUB _COURSE# } FOREIGN KEY { RENAME SUP _COURSE# AS COURSE# } REFERENCES COURSE ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE FOREIGN KEY { RENAME SUB _COURSE# AS COURSE# } REFERENCES COURSE ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... then we have to face up to questions such as: Does (e.g.) many -to- one mean a relationship that's inherently, necessarily many -to- one, or does it mean one that just happens to be many -to- one because ... applies to INSERT: a Inserting the tuple (s,sn,st,sc,rt) into the join is equivalent to inserting the tuple (s,sn,st,sc) into S (unless it's already present) and inserting the tuple (s,rt) into SR ... fairly self-explanatory (though project is a little trickier than the operators covered prior to this point) Note: The subsection says: "An attempt to update the SC tuple (S1,London) to (S2,London)

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... probably just be skimmed if the instructor doesn't want to get too deeply into formal proofs and the like Indeed, the chapter is included, in part, just to show that there really is some mathematical ... (Of course, "design" here means logical or conceptual design specifically The "right" way to database design is to a clean logical design first, and then, as a separate and subsequent step, to ... DELETE direct to relvar SP instead of to the join view! Of course, nothing in the foregoing argument precludes the possibility of placing logic in application code (sitting on top of the DBMS)

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... be to separate them out into separate relvars E.g., starting with HCTX, split into HCT { COURSE, TEACHERS } and HCX { COURSE, TEXTS }; then ungrouping HCT and HCX will take us straight to ... to "spot" a BCNF decomposition──only that it's often possible to do so in practical cases. To revert to the company database example: As a subsidiary exercise──not much to ... constraints seem to be rare in practice?──see... original approach (shown as the answer to the previous exercise), the DISCOUNT attribute would have to be moved to the SHIPTO relvar, making

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... DK/NF, then R is automatically in 5NF (and hence 4NF, BCNF, etc.) as well. However, it's wrong to think of DK/NF as another step in the progression from 1NF to 2NF to to 5NF, because 5NF ... SELECT DISTINCT COURSE, TEACHER, TEXT FROM CTXD AS CTXD1 WHERE CTXD1 .COURSE = CTXD2 .COURSE AND CTXD1.TEACHER = CTXD2.TEACHER AND CTXD1.TEXT = CTXD2.TEXT ) ; You might want to discuss this ... straightforward──all that's necessary is to replace the references to FDs and BCNF by analogous references to MVDs and 4NF, thus: 1. Initialize D to contain just R. 2. For each non4NF

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... attention to a miscellaneous collection of further important topics The topics to be covered, in sequence, are as follows: • Security (Chapter 17) • Optimization (Chapter... difficult to talk ... (relate to view processing, and possibly to integrity enforcement too) Mention audit trails 17 .3 Mandatory Access Control There's quite a lot in the research literature... secondary, of course ... the morning. The solution to the problem is to introduce a mechanism (door locks) and a protocol for using that mechanism (lock the bathroom door if you don't want to be disturbed).

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... what are object systems going to do?) 18.5 Database Statistics Self-explanatory, pretty much (but see Exercise 18.15). Be sure to mention RUNSTATS (or some counterpart to RUNSTATS). ... Motivating Example Self-explanatory. Drive the message home by stressing the "human factors" aspect: If the original unoptimized query took three hours to run, the final version will ... question Could perhaps sidetrack to review the origins of SQL here, and the current ironical situation, if the instructor is familiar with this story and wants to discuss it (see reference [4.16]).

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... operators that applied to values of type A would be a subset of the set of operators that applied to values of type B and vice versa (and, of course, the set of constraints that applied to values ... representation, together with a corresponding selector operator and a corresponding set of THE_ operators (or logical equivalents of same) ■ "=" and ":=" operators ■ Certain ... appears to be the only database textbook to include a serious discussion of type inheritance at all. (Of course, it's true that the topics are somewhat orthogonal──data doesn't have to

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... (there are whole books devoted to the topic). The purpose of this section is only to scratch the surface of the subject, nothing more. Probably sufficient just to go through the simple SALES ... operational system administrators are usually reluctant to allow decision support activities on their systems; hence the familiar dual-system approach." 22.2 To quote from Section 22.4: ... supplier city information, we'd get into some difficulties (having to do with database design) that I don't want to discuss──actually, we're not equipped to discuss──at this early juncture

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... aren't applicable only to "logic-based systems& quot;──they can be used in conventional systems too, as the annotation to reference [18.22] explains) Answers to Exercises 24.1 a. ... the FROM -TO intervals in the previous version of the database are to be interpreted as closed or open with respect to FROM and TO. Previously, those intervals were implicitly taken to be closed ... constraints to guard against the absurdity of a FROM -TO pair appearing in which the TO value is less than the FROM value are no longer necessary, because the constraint "FROM ≤ TO& quot;

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21

... "constructor" we need is an operator that creates a relvar (e.g., CREATE TABLE, in SQL terms). Selectors, by contrast, select values. Also, of course, constructors return pointers to the ... course, though I would prefer to use the more conventional term operators. * Bundling methods with classes is not essential, however, and leads to several problems [3.3]; I would prefer to ... to be, in essence, nothing more than an approach to the data interchange problem! (To quote the XML specification [27 .25 ], the original purpose of XML was "to allow generic SGML to.

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 01:21