... is 08.00 (IP)
Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 2 18 2005
Remainder Of This Section
d History of Internet protocols (TCP/ IP)
d Organizations
d Documents
Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 ... Coordinates research on TCP/ IP and internetworking
– Virtually defunct, but may re-emerge
Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 1 12 2005
RFCs
d Series of reports that include
– TCP/ IP protocols
– The ... is
http://www.isoc.org
Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 1
16 2005
Hardware Address
d Unique number assigned to each machine on a network
d Used to identify destination for a packet
Internetworking With TCP/ IP...
... About The Fourth
Edition Of InternetworkingWith
TCPIIP
"This is the book
I
go to for clear explanantions of the basic principles and la-
test developments in TCPAP technologies. It's ... Of The Next IP
602
33.7 Features Of IPv6
602
33.8 General Form Of An IPv6 Datagram
603
33.9 IPv6 Base Header Format
603
33.10 IPv6 Extension Headers
605
33.11 Parsing An IPv6 Datagram ... introduction to TCP/ IP for the uninitiated is a very
difficult task. While combining the explanation of the general principles of computer
communication with the specific examples from the
TCP/ IP protocol...
... ANSNET
44
2.10 A Very High Speed Backbone (vBNS)
45
2.11 Other Technologies Over Which TCPIIP Has Been Used
46
2.12 Summary And Conclusion
50
Chapter
3
Internetworking Concept And Architectural ... Interconnection
54
Properties Of The Internet
55
Internet Architecture
56
Interconnection Through IP Routers
56
The User's View
58
All Networks Are Equal
58
The Unanswered Questions
59 ... Broadcast
66
Interpreting Zero To Mean "This"
67
Subnet And Supernet Extensions
67
IP Multicast Addresses
68
Weaknesses In Internet Addressing
68
Dotted Decimal Notation
69
Loopback...
... Of The Next IP
602
33.7 Features Of IPv6
602
33.8 General Form Of An IPv6 Datagram
603
33.9 IPv6 Base Header Format
603
33.10 IPv6 Extension Headers
605
33.11 Parsing An IPv6 Datagram ... introduction to TCP/ IP for the uninitiated is a very
difficult task. While combining the explanation of the general principles of computer
communication with the specific examples from the
TCP/ IP protocol ...
internetworking in general and
the TCP/ IP internet technology in particular. Internetworking is a powerful abstraction
that allows us to deal with the complexity of multiple underlying communication...
... algorithm interacts with the Partridge-Kam exponential retransmission
backoff algorithm and how routing updates interact with datagram forwarding.
Internetworking With TCP/ IPVolume 111: Client-Server ... Technologies
Other Books In the Internetworking Series
from Douglas Comer and Prentice
Hall
Internetworking With TCP/ IPVolume
11:
Design, Implementation, and
Internals (with David Stevens),
3rd ... because it allowed programmers to use
TCPIIP protocols with
little effort. Thus, it encouraged researchers to experiment with
TCPm.
The success of the TCP/ IP technology and the Internet among...
...
operations.
1
.I
1
Organization Of The Text
The material on TCPAP has been written in three volumes. This volume presents
the TCPIIP technology, applications that use it, and the architecture ... site that use
TCP/ IP.
1.2
Plot the growth of
TCP/ IP
technology and Internet access at your organization. How many
computers, users, and networks were connected each year?
13
TCPm
products ... the TCPIIP technology and the Internet continue to evolve. New protocols
are being proposed, old ones are being revised. NSF added considerable complexity to
the system by introducing a backbone...
... remote
switching office, and finally to the destination telephone. While a connection is in
place, the phone equipment samples the microphone repeatedly, encodes the samples di-
gitally, and transmits ...
between two points. The
U.S.
telephone system uses a
connection-oriented technology
-
a telephone call establishes a connection from the
originating phone through the local switching office, ... from one computer to another, the
wiring scheme works well when many computers occupy a single room. The thin-wire
cable runs directly from one computer to the next. To add a new computer, one...
... allow multiple protocols to
be
used together on a single computer
and they allow multiple protocols to
be
intermixed on the same physical network
without interference. For example, one could ... attaches the
backbone to an additional cable on each floor. Computers attach to the cables on each
floor.
2.4.12 Extending An Ethernet With Bridges
Connecting two Ethernets with a bridge is ... procedures to communicate with a computer across a
bridge
as
it uses to communicate with
a
computer on the local segment.
Most bridges do much more than replicate frames from one wire to another:...
... possible for a
customer of one company to send packets to a customer of another.
2.11
Other Technologies Over Which TCPIIP
Has
Been Used
One of the major strengths of
TCPIIP
lies in the variety ... determines international telephone standards. There is no mathematical rela-
tionship between such addresses and the addresses used by TCP/ IP. Thus, a computer
that tunnels TCP/ IP data across an X.25 ...
illustrates how
TCPW
has been adapted to use high level
facilities. The technique, sometimes called
tunneling,
simply means that
TCPIIP
treats
a complex network system with its own protocols...
... have already discovered the prin-
ciple of interconnection used throughout an internet:
In a
TCPBP
internet, special computers called
IP
routers
or
IP gate-
ways
provide interconnections ... an exception.
Another interesting use of TCPhP pioneered by CSNET involves running TCPAP
protocols over the dial-up voice network (i.e., the telephone system). CSNET member
sites that used ... network. From
the
TCP/ IP view, dialing a telephone call is equivalent to running a wire. Once the call
has been answered by a modem on the other end, there is a connection from one com-
puter...
... require multiple
IP
addresses. Each address corresponds to one of the
machine's network connections. Looking at multi-homed hosts leads to the following
important idea:
Because
IP
addresses ... computed from the address alone,
without reference to external information. In particular, the class of an address can
be
determined from the three high-order bits, with two bits being sufficient ... of a start-
up procedure before it learns its
IP
address or the IP address prefm for the local net-
work. Once the host learns the correct IP address for the local network, however, it
should...
... efficient.
An
important property of
IP
ad-
dresses is that they refer to network connections. Hosts with multiple connections have
multiple addresses. One advantage of the internet addressing ... has responsibility for assigning unique network addresses within its TCP/ IP in-
ternet. Indeed, many corporate groups that use TCP/ IP protocols do assign internet ad-
dresses on their own. ... important.
4.18
Summary
TCPIIP uses 32-bit binary addresses as universal machine identifiers. Called Inter-
net Protocol addresses or
IP
addresses, the identifiers are partitioned into two parts:...
... dynamic resolution with
ARP
is simple:
when host
A
wants to resolve
IP
address
ZB,
it broadcasts a special packet that asks the
host with
IP
address
le
to respond with its physical ... other than the one given in
the example above. For instance, when using
IP
over a connection-oriented network
such as ATM, one cannot choose physical addresses.
On
such networks, one or more ... the
IP
address. For example, the system administrator
would select physical address
3
for a computer with the
IP
address
192.5.48.3
because
192.5.48.3
is a class
C
address with the...
... packets can be discarded. IP is such a fundamental part of the design that a
TCP/ IP internet is sometimes called an
IP- based technology.
We begin our consideration of IP in this chapter by looking ... fundamental principle of connectionless
delivery and discusses how it is provided by the
Internet
Protocol (IP) , which is one of
the two major protocols used in internetworking (TCP being the ... each machine using TCP/ IP is assigned one or more
32-bit
IP
addresses that are independent of the machine's hardware addresses. Applica-
tion programs always use the IP address when specifying...