intermolecular motion of electrons and nuclei chemical reactions

... eigenstates j j i of the electron and the eigenstates jnm i of optical field of each mode m Here J is a label for the combination of electron states and states of field modes ( j and {nm}), and jCJ i ... made of Eqs (2.34), (2.36b), and (2.39) Application of hCJ j to both sides of Eq (2.41), with the use of the orthonormal relation Copyright â 2004 Marcel Dekker, Inc Interaction of Electrons and ... application of a to jni results in an eigenstate of N with an eigenvalue n 1, and application of ay to jni results in an eigenstate of N with an eigenvalue n ỵ From this and the normalization of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... understand the principles of animals’ remarkable ability for adaptive motion and to transfer such abilities to a robot Up to now, mechanisms for generation and control of stereotyped motions and ... Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163:277-314 Blickhan R, Full RJ, 1987, Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: II Mechanics of the center of mass J ... Common and different control properties of Qp and Bp locomotion Similarity and difference in the kinematics of lower limbs during Bp walking between our monkey model and the human ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 12:02

... understand the principles of animals’ remarkable ability for adaptive motion and to transfer such abilities to a robot Up to now, mechanisms for generation and control of stereotyped motions and ... (Editors) Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines With 241 Figures ABC Hiroshi Kimura Graduate School of Information Systems University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, ... Common and different control properties of Qp and Bp locomotion Similarity and difference in the kinematics of lower limbs during Bp walking between our monkey model and the human ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163:277-314 Blickhan R, Full RJ, 1987, Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: II Mechanics of the center of mass J ... take up and push off Furthermore the amplitude and the time course of the angular velocity is rather similar in the different tasks Almost independent of the load and thus of reaction force and muscle ... beams under torsion and bending describe the action of the trunk of quadruped during trotting and galloping Acknowledgements Supported by grants of the DFG: Innovation College Motion Systems”,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... possibility of employing state -of- the-art interventional recording techniques and cellular-to-systems level of neuroscientific analysis to the study of locomotion We think that the study of posture and ... excitation along first one and then the other side of the body The activation of any two pairs of segments has a constant phase relationship regardless of the speed of propagation of the traveling wave ... Functional organization of the lamprey CPG Each segment or small group of segments consists of a pair of coupled oscillators The coupling is ascending and descending, and long and short (adapted from...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... control of Bp standing and Bp walking, and especially of the adaptability of locomotor movements to meet the environmental demands This adaptability is one of the most important characteristics of ... center of mass at touch down of the forelimbs (extended back) and of the hindlimbs (bended back) The radius of the circle corresponds to the strength of the interval of confidence Vertical motions of ... position of the center of mass (CoM) in the body frame of the pika during half-bound cycles CoM is aligned with first of the ulna of the trailing and second of the leading limb during major parts of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Locomotion with One, Four and Six-Legged Robots J of the Robotics Society of Japan 20(3):15-20 Full R J and Koditschek D 1999 Templates and Anchors: Neuromechanical Hypotheses of Legged Locomotion ... each leg has two degrees of freedom (DOF): the actuated revolute hip DOF, and the passive linear compliant leg DOF In the bound gait the essential components of the motion take place in the sagittal ... center of mass in human walking and running - J exp Biol 201(pt 21): 2935-2944 12 Full R.J., Koditschek D.E.(1999): Templates and anchors: neuromechanical hypotheses of legged locomotion on land...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... to consider and understand the mechanism of the gait of the snakes for mechanical design and control law of snake robots Snake robots are active code mechanism and useful for search and rescue ... segments, each of which has two legs, i.e., right and left legs For simplicity, the right and left legs of each body segment are allowed to move in phase, and the duty factor and trajectory of all the ... Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior 2000, 23-32 19 Pfeifer, R (2000b) On the role of embodiment in the emergence of cognition and emotion In H Hatano, N Okada, and H Tanabe (eds.) Affective...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Locomotion and GA based Motion Planning for Transition of Locomotion Modes of a 3-dimensional Snake-like Robot, Proc IEEE Int Conf on Robotics and Automation, pp 1507-1512, 2002 G S Chirikijian and ... motion between the inverted pendulum motion of the supporting leg and the two-DOF pendulum motion of the swinging leg, as well as the balance of the input and the output energy, should have stable ... model and its basic equations of locomotion will be introduced In section 3, we show the typical simulated results of stable biped locomotion on level ground with and without a bent knee angle and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... transportable and easy to handle biped, we (intuitively) put the maximum total weight on kg Regarding the amount Design and Construction of MIKE 149 (and weight) of the electrical and mechanical ... walking with knees,” Proceedings of 1990 IEEE Robotics and Automation Conf., pp.1640-1645 13 McGeer, T., 1993, “Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163, pp.277-314 ... of Robotics Research, 3(2), pp.60-74 Furusho, j., and Masubuchi, M, 1986, “Control of a Dynamical Biped Locomotion System for Steady Walking,” Trans ASME, J of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... sake of the continuous walking of robot and taking place of the entrainment phenomenon, we adopt a kind of PD control which gains are regulated by the state of the contact phase of swing leg And, ... sense of Lyapunov, where Tp (k) is a time when the k-th impact occurs Proof Basically, it can be proved by similar way of the proof of lemma and in [5] At first, let the set of the states of the ... “generation of PDW using the entrainment phenomena and the Motion Generation and Control of Quasi Passsive Dynamic Walking 169 concept of DFC so as to be needless of correctly design of the reference...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... generation of human bipedal locomotion Fig A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for human locomotion [14] Nonlinear Dynamics of Human Locomotion 193 Fig The results of computer simulation of ... system) in isolation of the body The transformation of traveling waves of muscular activity into standing waves of movements when the salamander is placed on ground is an illustration of the complex ... Sz´kely and G Cz´h Organization of locomotion In Frog Neurobiology, a e e Handbook, pages 765–792 Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1976 M Wheatley, M Edamura, and R.B Stein A comparison of intact and in-vitro...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Neurobiological bases of rhythmic motor acts in vertebrates, Science, 228, 143-149 202 Gentaro Taga Fig A model of the development of bipedal locomotion of infants and results of computer simulation ... integrated neuro-control of posture and locomotion may be extended for understanding the adaptive mechanism of primate locomotion Introduction Variations in osteological and muscular anatomy in ... equation of motion of the model is derived as M¨ + h(q, q) + g − α(q) + β(q) = T + Φ q ˙ ˙ (1) where q is a (51 x 1) vector of translational and angular displacement of the middle trunk segment and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... execution of both bipedal (Bp) and quadrupedal (Qp) locomotion, and for adapting posture and gait to a variety of external disturbances For these needs, the CNS must integrate the control of (1) ... extension of the knee joint and a lesser flexion of the hip joint during the late SW and early ST phase In addition, there was a lesser extension of the hip joint and larger flexion of the knee ... trailing and leading limbs, contribute to the control of SW and ST phases of the limbs, and also to the transition from SW to ST and vice versa [30] Figure shows the monkey’s adoption of a defensive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... center ci and bandwidth hi ), and v can act as a “gating term” in the nonlinear function such that the influence of this function vanishes at the end of the movement Assuming boundedness of the weights ... approximation of the tangent of the function to be approximated within the scope of the kernel, and a prediction for a query point is achieved by a ψi -weighted average of the predictions of all local ... explanation of those effects can be obtained Studying handwriting and 2D drawing movements, Viviani and Terzuolo [40] first identified a systematic relationship between angular velocity and curvature of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... control P8 The duration and the pattern of available visual information influence accuracy and precision of local and global control of posture and balance during locomotion P9 The dynamic temporal ... time of initiation in change of travel path was independent of the velocity of the object, but the velocity of lateral displacement of the body center of mass was modulated as a function of object ... control of limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion: effect of obstacle height and width Gait and Posture, 1:45-60 P 23 atla A.E (1997) Understanding the roles of vision in the control of human...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... direction of the pulling forces (arrows) B) Snapshot of the b-strands A’ and G of the I27 protein showing the protein backbone only for simplicity C) Snapshot of the bstrands A’ and G of the I27 ... the effect of a mechanical force on the kinetics of chemical reactions A recent review by Beyer and Clausen-Schaumann describes the role of mechanical forces in catalyzing chemical reactions. [48] ... separating b-strands In Figure B, we define the pulling coordinate for the A’ and G b-strands as the distance between the first amino acid of strand A’ (Y9) and the last amino acid of strand G (K87)...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 16:04

... nuclei The Hamiltonian is composed of three parts: the kinetic energy of the nuclei, the kinetic energy of the electrons, and the potential energy of nuclei and electrons [3] Schrödinger equation: ... kinetic and potential energies of a system of atomic nuclei and electrons With the exception of electron exchange term, it is analogous to the classical kinetic energy of the particles and the ... nuclei and electrons Ψ is a - 28 - Chapter II Experiments wavefunction, one of the solutions of the eigenvalue equation This wavefunction depends on the coordinates of the electrons and the nuclei...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:18

... headache, and dizziness with eyes open and closed Severity of abnormalities in each category are rated by the subject and technician, with a range of scores for nausea of to 16, for skin color of to ... between central pain pathways and the vestibular nuclei Motion sickness is a behavioral response to both self -motion and visually-induced motion that has no known purpose 20 Motion sickness is especially ... frequency of about 50% 23 This increased susceptibility to motion sickness in migraineurs is of uncertain cause and can occur with both self motion, i.e., vestibular-induced motion sickness, and with...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57