intermittent adaptation a mathematical model of drug tolerance dependence and addiction

... [10]) Newer models take the spatially heterogeneous structure of biofilms into account and are formulated as spatially multi-dimensional models A host of mathematical modelling techniques has been ... model biofilms, including stochastic individual based models, stochastic cellular automata models, and a variety of deterministic partial differential equation models Some examples for such approaches ... Janakiraman V, Englert D, Jayaraman A, Baskaran H: Modeling growth and quorum sensing in biofilms grown in microfluidic chamber Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2009, 37(6):1206-1216 37 Vaughan...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... homing, and damaging factors such as cellular senescence and death Our model involves a system of differential equations that offers a deterministic view of the average dynamics of large EC populations, ... index, i Figure Cell rate parameters and generation profiles Cell rate parameters and generation profiles (a) Variations of cell replication rate coefficients (hλi) and death rate coefficients (ki) ... and death rate parameters on cell generation, our model predicts a narrow distribution of cell densities peaking at a particular cell generation – it is this peak that characterizes the age of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... computational experiments and data) this model can be (expanded and) used by clinical researchers as a testbed for exploring and evaluating various therapies that can target both the traditional and ... suggests a primary patency of 85% for AV fistulas at one year and 75% at two years, whereas the ePTFE graft patency can be as low as 50% after one year and 20% at two years These data exclude fistulae ... many different human or animal models Whenever such data were not available, we estimated the order of magnitude of the parameters and made choices that gave biologically reasonable results Page...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... submitted manuscript Additional material 14 15 16 17 Additional file Supplementary Material – Model Details for A Mathematical Model of Glutathione Metabolism A full description of the mathematical model ... effects of oxidative stress, particularly as applied to Down syndrome and autism No mathematical model can track all of the variables that might affect a complex biochemical system such as glutathione ... One-carbon metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway One-carbon metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway Rectangles enclose the names or acronyms of substrates that are variables in the model...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, drafting of the manuscript; ADG: mathematical modeling, drafting of the manuscript; SP: mathematical modeling; Ferrannini E, Mari A: How to measure ... state variables of which the values are known at each time; the state variables and the parameters are defined in tables and The model is diagrammatically represented in Figure Equations (1) and ... [8], carefully measured average glucose uptake rates at two hours are nonlinearly related to increasing levels of plasma insulin, and from the reported data, glucose uptake may approach a maximal...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... a priory, mechanistic models in simulations of disease spread and combining them with an a posteriori, statistical approach: Often data is available that allows fitting a simulation model that ... expected number of secondary cases SC and the number of contacts S by calculating SC for the 720 person days as separate units of observation SC is calculated according to Equations and and based on ... to the mathematical theory of epidemics Proc R Soc Lond 1927, 11 5A: 700-721 Auranen K, Eichner M, Leino T, Takala AK, Makela PH, Takala T: Modelling transmission, immunity and disease of Haemophilus...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... a parabolic manner and was modeled as A( θ) = a( 40 - θ)2 + b(40 - θ) + A4 0, (11) where A4 0 is the value of A at 40° of knee flexion, and a and b are constants that need to be identified for each ... FES are probably complex One way to assist the search for the optimal pattern is to use mathematical models that can predict forces accurately to a range of physiological conditions and stimulation ... trend-line and calculated the R2 values for all the 10 subjects tested R2 values for the relationships of parameters V1 and V2 with the other model parameters showed that only parameters b and τ2 had a...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... diagrams and photos are appended in Additional files and After conditioning, animals were introduced to the apparatus and restrained in a plexiglass chamber with an angled base, such that each ... BKB1 antagonist treatment improved hind limb nociceptive tolerance, and both ETA and/ or BKB1 antagonist treatment ameliorated radiological indices of disease, and protected articular cartilage and ... left leg All values are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD) per experimental group Statistics Static weight bearing data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), which...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:23

... Takamura M, Yamagiwa S, Wakai T, Tamura Y, Kamimura H, Kato T, Tsuchiya A, Matsuda Y, Shirai Y, Ichida T, Ajioka Y, Aoyagi Y: Loss of liver-intestine cadherin in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ... http://www.tbiomed.com/content/8/1/18 modeling and the derivation of the initial differential equations, did some calculations and characterizations of the analytical model and he wrote most of the manuscript All authors read and ... 2Department of Mathematics I, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 3Lehrstuhl A Mathematik, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Authors’ contributions MA did most of the calculations and the analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... presence and absence of external calcium We note that Heinze et al, [2], created a mathematical model for LH release that reproduces some data for pulsatile administration of GnRH Their model, ... the absence of hormone, the fraction of open channels increases at a linear rate of v2 = 0.002 min-1 and has a maximum value of Thus, immediately a five minute pulse of nM GnRH, 10% of the channels ... that n monomers, HR, are internalized at a rate k11 and that r0n monomers that have been internalized are available to be returned to the membrane at rate k11 There is evidence that the macroaggregates...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:22

... developed a multiscale mathematical model of these processes to study the efficacy of radiotherapy Several mathematical frameworks have been developed to model avascular and vascular tumor growth ... because of hypoxia, through SMAD gene activation Finally, according to the model parameters, APC and SMAD/RAS Page of 19 (page number not for citation purposes) Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling ... tumors to irradiation [9] Nowadays, computational power allows us to build mathematical models that can integrate different aspects of the disease and can be used to investigate the role of complex...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... sequence of rat TLR4 (GenBank accession NM_019178) were: 5’-CUACCAACAGAGAGGAUAU-3” (siRNA1), 5’-GUCUCAGAUAUCUAGAUCU-3’ (siRNA2), 5’-GAGCCGGAAAGUUAUUGUG-3’ (siRNA3) All siRNAs were chemically synthesized ... once daily for days, starting from day before CCI surgery Evaluation of tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) ... system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden) Histone3 (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA, 1:500) was used as an internal control Statistical analyses Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:48

... Pro transmission scanner (Epson, Nagano, Japan) and analyzed with imagemaster 2d platinum software, version 5.0 (GE Healthcare) Spots were detected automatically by the software and manually refined; ... Germany) Capillary voltage was 1.5–2 kV and a dry gas flow rate of 10 LÆmin)1 was used with a temperature of 230 °C The scan range was 300–1800 m ⁄ z The tandem mass spectra were annotated and peak list ... Complex Change in pattern Change in pattern a Theoretical values b F and P refer to ANOVA c Identified from SWISS 2D-PAGE database dehydrogenase and to mitochondrial ATP synthase a subunit by comparison...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays were carried out using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins [12,14] and puried proteins as standards We measured that an extract ... Systems Modelling Database and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/ database/curien/index.html free of charge Fig Phser branch-point in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway ... ẵAdoMet ẵPi 1ỵ 1:1 C B ẳ@ ỵ Pi A KiTS ỵ ẵAdoMet 140 8ị 9ị noAdoMet AdoMet Where, kcatTS and kcatTS are the TS catalytic constant in the absence and presence of a saturating concentration of AdoMet,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... months in a year - average annual rain fall of 7.5mm per day - average of 90 rainy days/ year 18 First year post- drought data on range and mean of growth characters in the hot-spot region Characters ... Tarauaca, Xapuri Rondonia – Ariquemes, Calama, Costa Marques, Jiparana, Ouro Preto, Pimenta Bueno, Jaru Mato Grosso: Aracotuba, Cartriquaca, Itauba, Vila Bella Provenance-wise conservation- India Introduced ... the availability of sufficient genetic variability 1981-IRRDB germplasm collection – a valuable reservoir of genes for various abiotic stresses Acre : Brasileia, Feijo, Sena Madureira, Tarauaca,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 04:20

... Interactional units in conversation: syntactic, intonational and pragmatic resources for the management of turns In E Ochs, E A Schegloff, and S A Thompson, editors, Interaction and Grammar, chapter ... Pause Duration Model Separating the data into training, validation and test sets was carried out by generating a random dialogue ID The IDs are in the format q [ —8 ] [ e n] c [ — 81 A random number ... placing a backchannel continuer they actually realize Our model could potentially be improved by adding words to parts -of- speech in the language model; Ward and Tsukahara (2000) suggest that about...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... (SIGIR’00), pages 144–151 David M Blei and J Lafferty 2009 Topic models In A Srivastava and M Sahami, editors, Text Mining: Theory and Applications Taylor and Francis David M Blei, Andrew Ng, and Michael ... summaries, this model can be readily adapted to any Web-related content that can be seen as a mixture of the component topics appearing along a paths in the hierarchy Such model can become a key ... USA ACM Joseph Reisinger and Marius Pa¸ca 2009 Latent varis able models of concept-attribute attachment In ACLIJCNLP ’09: Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... definitive answers, it can serve as a supplement to linguistic and literary-critical approaches to text-reuse analysis, and can be especially helpful when dealing with a large amount of candidate source ... This model is both a simplification of and an extension to the one advocated in (Barzilay and Elhadad, 2003) On the one hand, we perform no paragraph clustering or mapping before sentence alignment ... This standard bag -of- words approach is appropriate for Greek, a relatively free word-order language Figure plots this feature on Luke and Mark Non-derived verses are assigned a constant score...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... compliance, anger, or both, and similarly, anger can be caused by a variety of other acts, such as issuing a threat In Figure 3, both praising and apologizing are examples of acts that can increase ... speech acts and effects is manyto-many: a single act can have many different effects and any single effect can be brought about by many different acts For example, expressing a demand can bring about ... cause another Essentially, the effects start with the hearer's recognition and acceptance of a message's content and culminates in changes to hearer goals and the relatiouship between the hearer...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... Japanese: An Autosegmental Theory of Tonology Kaitakusha, Tokyo Kaplan, Ronald and Joan Bresnan (1982) Lexical Functional Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation in The Mental ... (laugh -and) , amaku (sweetly) verbal - adnominal warau (that laughs), amakatta (that was sweet) The syntactic rules define three ways of building signs (3) shows rule A (essentially function application) ... categorial morpho-syntax of Japanese in Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories, U Reyle and C Rohrer (eds.) Reidel, Dordrecht Whitelock, Peter J (1991) Some Aspects of a Grammar of Japanese,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20