interfacesto othernaturallanguages an experiment

... a ! so handled. 5. CONCLUSIONS It is wiser to concentrate efforts to o 0 tain more and more powerful morpho-syntactic anal~ sets, linguistic semantic analysers and cognitive, semantic interpreters ... semantic and pragmatic problems similar to problems risen by latin, slavonic and germanic languages. 6. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Helder Coelho for his insightful comments and ... Workshop on Natural Language Understan ding and Logic Programming, Rennes, France, 1984. LOPES, G. and VICCARI, R., " ;An intelligent monitor interacting in Portuguese language", short...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... ISHMT-ASME and 15th National Conference on Heat and Mass transfer conference, Jan12-14, Pune, 2000. [23] Zhang, Y. M., Gu, W. Z. and Han, J. C., “Heat transfer and friction in rectangular channels ... enhancement of heat transfer to correlate the flow field investigation with the mechanism of heat transfer. 2. Experimental setup Two experimental set-ups, one for heat transfer analysis and ... Enhancing Performance of Solar air heater Proceedings of XVII National and VI ISHME/ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, IGCAR, Kalpakkam India 2004; Jan. 05-07. [2] Han J. C. “Heat transfer...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... 9 The Mole and Avogadro’s Constant The formula unit of a substance is the smallest amount of a substance that retains the identity of that substance. It can be an atom, a molecule, or an electrically ... thank the editorial staff of Elsevier/Academic Press for their guidance and help during a rather long and complicated project, and also wish to thank Erica Ellison, who was a valuable consultant. ... publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 17:20

... Chain: Global Trends and Asian Perspectives —Francisco Veloso and Rajiv Kumar January 2002 No. 4 International Competitiveness of Asian Firms: An Analytical Framework —Rajiv Kumar and Doren Chadee February ... Thailand —Kanokpan Lao-Araya August 2002 No. 18 Poverty and Patterns of Growth —Rana Hasan and M. G. Quibria August 2002 No. 19 Why are Some Countries Richer than Others? A Reassessment of Mankiw-Romer-Weil’s ... commonly for animal husbandry). Animals, in particular, are often used as savings devices in many cultures. Finally, land holdings can be more readily valued and quantified (area), and should be...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... variables, human translation 2 is significantly inferior to human translations 1 and 4, and machine transla- tion 9 is significantly inferior to machine translations 5 and 7. However, human translations ... informativeness when translated by machine than when translated by human translators. At least a few sentences translated by machine are indistinguishable from human trans- lations, and it is tempting ... follows: Translation No. 1: an allegedly “careful,” published human translation Translation No. 2: a rapid human translation, presum- ably done “at sight” by dictation Translation No. 4: another...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... trans- lation is word-for-word, with no significant syntactic analysis; (2) translation proceeds after obtaining a complete syntactic analysis of an input, with no signifi- cant semantic analysis; ... METAL derives a sub- stantial semantic analysis, whereas the second definition of 'second generation' does not necessarily imply that semantic analysis of any kind is performed. METAL ... syntactic and sem- antic information such as grammatical category, inflec- tional class, semantic type, and case information (see Figure ]). Transfer lexical entries indicate how and under...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... received; and (2) when an anlysis is attempted, then the analysis that serves as the resolution of the ambiguity is adopted without consideration of any other possible analyses (if any others ... Steedman, in press) do not exist. It is argued rather that all cases of preference for one resolution of an ambiguity over another can be accounted for by a model in which conceptual mechanisms ... following models as candidates for describing the human parser: DPA with either kind of parallelism, IPA-with-strong-parallelism, or Abandonment-with- parallel-reanalysis. (Abandonment might work...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... that in one experiment moderately trained human text annotators made different analyses even after negotiations in over 3% of all words, and on the other hand argue that an expert can do much ... in the experiment. 3.3 Test corpus Four texts were used in the experiment, to- tailing 55724 words and 102527 morphologi- cal analyses (an average of 1.84 analyses per word). One was an article ... publications. Brief descriptions can be found in several recent ACL conference pro- ceedings by Voutilainen and his colleagues (e.g. EACL93, ANLP94, EACL95, ANLP97, ACL- EACL97). An in-depth description...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... specifies an active edge and an inactive edge that can extend it. An insertion task specifies a nondeterministie unification act, and a virtual task involves extension of an edge to include an inactive ... lexicon and in the transition network. ii) After the verb is detected: on the one hand there is an edge that, if extended, would not satisfy an obligatory impulse, on the other hand, one ... hypothesis. The object is already there, analyzed for the other reading and does not need to be reanalyzed. So a Milano is taken as the filler for the impulse and the analysis is concluded properly....

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... [ Mechanical Translation , vol.2 no.2, November 1955; pp.39-46] a n experimental study of ambiguity and context* Abraham Kaplan, Department of Philosophy, University of California, Los Angeles ... dictionary; no such stan- dard is available for occurrences in context.) The seven translators ranged in mean accuracy for all the words from 62% to 84%, around a mean of 75%. The four trained ... accurate translators translators P1 109 59 F1 67 51 B1 58 46 P2 57 48 F2 63 52 B2 60 36 S 76 26 46 a braham kaplan of the translators and whether the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... have two lan- guages l s and l t and denote features in these two languages as x s and x t respectively. We also have text-level translations and we use x t  for features in the translations ... problem of using an annotated corpus in English for the same natural language processing task in another language. While various ma- chine translation systems are available, au- tomated translation ... corpus in the target language and ap- ply the classifier in the source language to obtain labeled data, or directly translated the existing data set to the new language. Various experiments of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... (Fig. 6) (see [3], and Table 3, for further explanations on the significance of these parameters). The equation described as V 8d and V 8r , and the corres- ponding substrates and products were ... GMP and XMP in the cytosol of rat brain: an experimental and theoretical analysis. J. Neurochem. 76, 1291–1307. 4. Remy, P. (1992) Intracellular functions of Ap n N: eukaryotes. In Ap 4 A and ... menadione. Analysis of the nucleotide content was performed as described in Materials and methods. The data represent mean values ± SE of 6, 7 and 3 experiments for the control, H 2 O 2 -treated and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... better than I could paint it', and getting up from the floor went to her desk and produced this. My Family In my family there are Mummy, and Uncle Bert, Tony, and Janet, Carol, Gay and Jill. ... west wall? Who was St George? And St Christopher? We painted a frieze of the Robert Day incident, and another of Thurkill the Dane. Question and answer, speculation and research went on all the ... art organiser visited my school. She was quite unlike any other organiser I had ever met, both in appearance and manner. Without the smallest particle of humbug or false modesty, she managed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 12:31

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

... syntactic structure and prosodic phrasing. The psycholinguistic and acoustic investigations of Cooper and Paccia-Cooper (1980), Umeda (1982) and Gee and Grosjean (1983)and the prosodic theory ... weaknesses and lacunae that we encountered in the Gee and Grosjean model. That we encountered these problems is not surprising given the difference between our goals and those of Gee and Grosjean. ... Grosjean. The most important difference between the Gee and Grosjean model and our current algorithm involves the factors determining boundary weight. Gee and Grosjean assume that this weighting...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:21