interdiffusion and reactions in thin films

... is interested in arguing for the intersecting realms of visual culture, space and spectatorship by collating and comparing information from a range of sources In acknowledging current trends in ... solely as an Auteur, but as a key influence in 11 anticipating and challenging spectatorial reception and the circulation of meanings of seeing and understanding within popular culture This literature ... of the spectatorial mindscape, and the spectatorial mindscape continually ascertains meaning from the fragmented depictions within the filmscape, the filmscape and the mindscape are thus mirrored...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:13

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

... cations in the electrolyte (M? = Li?, Na?, and K?) on the surface of MnO2 and also possible intercalation/deintercalation of H? and alkaline metal cations in the bulk of MnO2 [29] Since the 3-D dandelion-like ... scanning rate of 1°min-1 Surface morphology of the as-deposited thin films was characterized using a Hitachi S-4100 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) Weights of the MnO2 thin films ... for the MnO2 thin films with different nanostructures A depressed semicircle in the high-frequency range corresponding to the charge-transfer resistance, and a straight sloping line in the low-frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... windows' is to control the flow of light and heat passing the building glazing and the glazing of vehicles In future, the electrochromic windows will be massively applied for energy saving in ... doping, including interactions with induced charges at the dielectric discontinuity, requires investigation Fundamentally, quantum confinement pushes up the allowed energies resulting in an increase ... water, the binding energy is dramatically decreased compared to vacuum as the doping case considered in the last section Recombination and binding energies of the excitons confined in silicon...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2015, 11:58

... Channeling random and channeling spectra for 6% Ta incorporated TiO2 on LAO substrate; (b) (Left axis) Minimum channeling yield for Ti and Ta and (Right axis) Ta substitutionality in Ti1-xTaxO2 thin ... transport, optical and magnetic properties appear to be quite distinct 1.2 Defects and Dopings in Semiconductors 1.2.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Defects in Semiconductors Defining classically, a ... of Ta incorporation in Ti1-xTaxO2 thin films with 100% carrier activation (red solid circles) Variation of inactivated carrier density as a function of Ta incorporation in Ti1-xTaxO2 thin films...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:49

... observed in a variety of systems containing FM/AFM interfaces, such as inhomogeneous materials, 2, 39 particles 1, 2, and FM thin films on AFM single crystals 40, 41 and thin films. 39, 42, 43 In addition ... (0.6)/FeMn(11.6)/Ta(2.1 nm) PEB thin films and single layered Co 80 Fe 20 (20 nm) thin films on P Ar,CoFe , and (b) XRD patterns of 20 nm Co 80 Fe 20 single layered thin films deposited at different ... spins in FM layer to original position as shown in Fig 2.2(b), because the ferromagnetic coupling in the FM-AFM interface helps the spins of FM layer to rotate back as shown in Fig 2.2 (a-iv) and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... stresses in thin films 64 2.2.1 The origins of stresses in thin films 64 v 2.2.1.1 The mismatch of lattice parameters of the film and substrate ... Chua Soo Jin from the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) for my access to the sputter equipment, and Dr Yu Hongbin from the NUS Department of Mechanical Engineering for the ... capping layer, by measuring the tip deflections of micro-cantilevers The stress is found to increase with decreasing film thickness A thin dielectric capping layer leads to a further increase in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:16

... thin films was discussed in detail In Chapter 5, stress-induced anisotropy has CHAPTER INTRODUCTION been studied in pure and SiO2 doped cobalt ferrite thin films The properties of these two films ... anisotropy In part I, magnetocrystalline anisotropy was studied in Al-doped barium ferrite, both in powders and in thin films Other kinds of anisotorpies, i.e shape anisotropy and stress-induced ... reduced and a plane anisotropy was finally exhibited in thick films (∼500 nm) v SUMMARY Both SiO2 doped and pure cobalt ferrite thin films were synthesized using a sputtering method in order...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 11:33

... of states in the minority spin band compared to the majority spin band at 22 Chapter Theory and Review the Fermi level However, the group explained convincingly that spin-flip scattering could ... ferromagnetic layers sandwiching a thin insulating layer The common ferromagnetic materials used include Ni80Fe20 and Co In this project, the metal Ta was examined to determine its suitability ... shown in Figure 2.3.1a, resulting in majority of electrons in adjacent layers having opposite spins A spin ‘up’ majority electron in one layer will encounter strong scattering both at the interfaces...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 11:35

... area, and stoichiometric flow ratio The inlet velocities of air and fuel are calculated according to [22]: u in ,c = ζ c I RTin ,c AMEA xO2 ,in Pc Ach 4F (39) u in ,a = ζ a I RTin ,a AMEA x H ,in ... phase change inside the GDL 2.2.3 Catalyst layers The catalyst layer is treated as a thin interface, where sink and source terms for the reactants are implemented Due to the infinitesimal thickness, ... cm2 serpentine flow-fields with single channel, double channel, cyclic-single channel, and symmetric-single channel patterns to investigate the effect of flow-field design High and low inlet humidity...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... great interest both from an environmental (geochemical) and an industrial point of view Most solid phases in natural water contain aluminium oxides Alumina plays an important role in regulating ... alumina and other mineral solids in the presence of other complexing agents such as nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid has also been studied and was found to increase in ... solution, including surface charging and sorptive capacity, are determined by the nature of their surface functional groups, the ability of these groups to bind protons and adions, and the bonding...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:22

... summarized in Tables and and will be discussed later Proton- and sodium motive forces during growth in the chemostat Despite the over 100-fold difference in pH2 values, cells maintained an approximately ... suspensions were placed in a boiling water bath for h to destroy the cells After cooling and centrifugation (10 min, 27 000 g, °C), the supernatants were diluted in washing buffer to obtain preparations ... immediately after sampling Supernatants were diluted 500-fold in washing buffer and kept for determination of [Na+o] Washing buffer contained 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.0) and 200 mM sucrose Pellets...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... recruitment and penaeidin localization at the site of injection Injection of microorganisms resulted in a dramatic decrease in numbers of both circulating and tissue in ltrating haemocytes within h of injection ... · 10 in NaCl/Tris, mounted in glycerol containing 25% NaCl/Tris and 0.1% p-phenylenediamine and examined using a laser scanning microscope (TCS NT) equipped with a Leica (DMIRBE, Inc.) inverted ... penaeidin mRNA and protein The decrease of penaeidin detection within total circulating populations is the result of a decrease in penaeidin-expressing haemocytes: they leave the blood circulation and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... annealing, the grain size and structure of thin oxide films considerably change We have defined three main temperature domains w20–100, 100–250 and 250– 450 8Cx for which the WO3 thin film exhibits ... concerns thin oxide films, which can exhibit some specific metastable structures The final structure of WO3 observed in thin films annealed in air at 450 8C is the monoclinic structure, with WO3yx in ... Table summarises the main results for the various structures observed during annealing of WO3 thin films The thin films were obtained by evaporation under vacuum of WO3 powder and deposition on a...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:05

... to a combined action of NO2, O2 and UV radiation [4] Reactions of NO2 with polyvinylchloride and polyvinyl fluoride resulted in a slight decrease in the content of chlorine and fluorine atoms, ... point of intersection of the linear plots of kinetic curve of the ROOH accumulation: the initial oxidation rate within the induction period and the maximal rate of the ROOH accumulation The initiated ... described in Ref 15 The interval from the beginning of the experience to the point of intersection of two straight lines for which tg α1 = tg α2 was taken as τ in the presence of InH The first line...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... (1978), and 22,127 (1974) Levine, SM and Garofalini, S.H., Proceeding MRS Fall Meeting, 1985 Garofalini, S.H., Structure and Bonding in Noncrystalline Solids, Ed A.G Revesz and G.E Walrafen, in print ... Mobility and Conductivity Lithium Salt Containing ORMOSI LS Gels Sol-Gel Routes Leading to Ceramics and Thick Films Pure Phase Powders and Ceramics Low Temperature Sintering and Fine Grained ... Thomas*’ prepared lead and zinc aluminoborosilicates and borosilicates by suspending the relevant lead or zinc oxide in a solution of the other components then gelling and drying in the normal manner...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:20

... This page Intentionally Left Blank NAME REACTIONS AND REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS This page Intentionally Left Blank NAME REACTIONS AND REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Second ... Reaction handouts so well that others encouraged the conversion into a book At Colby College, Frank Favaloro did the same thing, making “study sheets” and adding to the list of Name Reactions ... Reactions He graduated in 1996 and I started reformatting and expanding With encouragement from Darla Henderson, this became a project By then Frank had finished graduate school and was enthusiastic...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:16

... both in academia and in the fine chemicals industry An understanding of general organic c h e ~ s ~ j is assumed Physical chemistry has to be int~roduced into a discussion on electrode kinetics and ... given in Table 1.1 The reti:rence electrode dips into a salt bridge containing the electrolyte used in the main electrochemical cell, The salt bridge can be te~inated either by a thin Luggin-Harbor ... an intermediate A flow of into1 gas is maintained in the cathode compartment It is not essential to exclude oxygen during electrochemical oxidation but usually a flow of inert gas is maintained...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:20

... ultra -thin films is both a reference and a tutorial for understanding the most common thin- films and coating techniques The book encompasses recent approaches and future trends in coating and thin lms ... in paint binders.39–41 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011 14 Nanocoatings and ultra -thin films 1.8.3 Self-cleaning coatings Another interesting trend is the development of self-cleaning coatings ... looking at essential innovations in the development of industrial nanocoatings and ultra -thin films based on new findings resulting from basic and applied research in the fields of both physics and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:53