... learner
Languages:
L1 First language
L2 Second language
TL Target language
FL Foreign language
Programs:
ESL English as a second language
EFL English as a foreign language
ESOL Englishfor speakers ... speakers of other languages
TESOL Teaching English to speakers of
other languages
TESL Teaching English as a second language
ESP Englishfor specifi c purposes
EAP Englishfor academic purposes
Many ... schooling for our children. We conduct applied research and evaluation, and provide technical assis-
tance and informational resources to connect research and practice, build knowledge and skills, and...
... relationships between achievement and school and family
variables,
7. to reinforce the call for high academic standards and educational
reform, and
8. to argue for system and school accountability.
The ... policies for including and accommodating students with
disabilities; Lynne Sacks and Laura Golden provided similar information
about states’ policies for English- language learners.
Policies for Students ... school districts, and states to set stan-
dards and report annual progress for English- languagelearnersand students
with disabilities [Sec. (c) (VII)]. Rewards and corrective actions for schools
are...
... Science, Foreign Languages 26 (2010) 171-180
171
A brief comparison of Vietnamese intonation andEnglish
intonation and its implications for teaching English intonation
to Vietnamese EFL learners ... progressive and systematic
training, and from practice andlanguage use.
5. Conclusion
This study has compared several
intonational features of Vietnamese and those
of English, and provided ... Nhung / VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 26 (2010) 171-172
175
3. The English word structure and the
English intonation
3.1. English word structure
English words can be monosyllabic...
... religions) and struc-
tural constraints such as possible date formats for
“Birthdate” and “Deathdate”. The rows with sub-
script “RH02”in Table 4 shows the performance
of this Ravichandran and Hovy ... transitive
and latent models are all stand-alone models, they
can complement each other in combination as they
provide relatively orthogonal sources of informa-
tion. To combine these models, we perform ... a
cleaner set of gold truth, and is similar to an ap-
proach utilizing trained annotators for marking up
and extracting the factual information in a stan-
dard format. For consistency, only the...
... return a sequence of length one and they are
all nonmonotonic, and therefore blocking. Continuous
count and sum are monotonic and nonblocking, and
thus suitable for continuous queries.
Order! ... pro-
gram and its RA equivalent defines the two queries pUq
and coalscp, the first on P and Q and the second on P
only. We will refer to them as the coalesce query and
the until query, and observe ... re-
lational algebra (RA) and SQL in supporting
sequence and stream queries, and present ef-
fective query languageand data model enrich-
ments to deal with them. We begin by ob-
serving the well-known...
... California English
Language Development Test (CELDT), and enrolled in transition English lan-
guage development and/ or standard language arts classes. (Note: Only 7% of
SAUSD students are in English- only ... writing assessment, language arts GPA, performance on the reading and total
language portions of standardized tests, and performance on statewide high-stakes,
on-demand reading and writing assessments?
Context ... students who are English
language learners, Vaughn and Klinger (2004) state,
Despite the growth in culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and the obvious
need to understand instructional...
... involvement include program costs for training efforts and committee discussion time and participation costs
such as time for learning and ensuring that participant members can stand behind their ... recognized and
distributed standards for detection of their disease to inform
physicians of what to look for. These VHAs believe that the
lack of this information is a disadvantage for public funding
for ... are
most useful in exploring and understanding what and how people
think, feel, and behave. While instructive and suggestive for the
development of hypotheses, ideas, strategy, and future research,
the...
... purposes
of language use: for obtaining and communicating
information, for literary response and expression, for
learning and reflection, andfor problem solving and
application.
For Obtaining and Communicating
Information
Nonfiction, ... what, why,
and how in Englishlanguage arts learning. Our stan-
10 Standards for the EnglishLanguage Arts
Figure 1. An Interactive Model for the EnglishLanguage Arts
Standards
grandfather. ... so.
2 Standards for the EnglishLanguage Arts
THE NEED FOR STANDARDS
In defining standards for the Englishlanguage arts,
we are motivated by three core beliefs:
■ First, we believe that standards...
... between 0.96 and 1.17.
Some trained translation probabilities are shown
for the unigram and headword models in table 2.
The formal language words have captured reason-
able English words for their ...
niques for modeling clump generation are n-gram
language models (Miller et al., 1995; Levin and Pier-
accini, 1995; Epstein, 1996), and headword language
models (Epstein, 1996). A bigram language ...
damental asymmetry between the natural language
and the unambiguous formal language. Most no-
tably, one formal language word may frequently cor-
respond to whole English phrases. We added the
"clump",...
... available for a variety of
purposes.
Introduction 2
Section 1 Understanding Englishlanguagelearners 5
English languagelearners (ELLs) in Ontario schools 5
Canadian-born Englishlanguagelearners ... Ontario curriculum for
Englishlanguagelearners 49
Differentiating instruction forEnglishlanguagelearners 49
Program adaptations: Modifications and accommodations 50
Describing language behaviours ... can do and are learning to do 51
Making languageand content accessible forEnglishlanguagelearners 55
Strategies to support beginning Englishlanguagelearners 57
On-going strategies for supporting...
... among EnglishLanguage Learners. This research and literature suggest that
dialogue journals could serve as an effective method for improving the writing performance of
English LanguageLearners ... WITH ENGLISHLANGUAGELEARNERS 13
Dialogue Journals with EnglishLanguageLearners
Experts (Miller, 2007; Peyton, 1990) have come to view the use of dialogue journals with
English LanguageLearners ... ENGLISHLANGUAGELEARNERS 7
Introduction
The number of students learning English as a foreign language increases yearly in the
United States. There are approximately 9.9 million English Language...
... Guide for Secondary Teachers of Migrant EnglishLanguage Learners
Every word or utterance in a second
language is a step forward and should
be seen for what it accomplishes rather
than for what ... this kit
and/ or your district ESL staff about how
language is acquired and what are recom-
mended instructionaland assessment
strategies.
ãAdvocate for more ESL staff and teacher
training for your ... of Migrant EnglishLanguage Learners
When a student’s native language is used correctly
in educational programs, it is of tremendous ben-
efit. It can catalyze and accelerate second language
acquisition....
... experiences and knowledge as
English languagelearners in methods courses
that we teach in teacher education programs
in the United States. We both were born and
raised in Poland, and share ... her individual journey into
English as her second language as well as the
ways the two languages and cultures, her home
language and culture and the new language
and culture she was acquiring, ... learn a great
deal about second language acquisition and
effective pedagogy forEnglishlanguagelearners
through pre-service teacher education programs
and in-service professional development...
... concurrent performance on tests of English
language proficiency and academic achievement in the validity of administrating large-scale content
assessments to Englishlanguage learners: An investigation ... assessment study. Language Testing and Evaluation Unit, Centre for
English Language Teacher Education, University of Warwick.
Roy-Campell, Z.M. and Qorro, M.A.S. (1997), Language crises in ... included reading programme and the in-service course for
English teachers and school inspectors. Although materials were produced and distributed to schools in order
to assist language teachers...