institute of environmental science and engineering singapore

... first term on the right-hand side represents the rate of formation of particles of volume v due to coagulation, and the second term that rate of loss of particles of volume v by coagulation ... (schematic) as function of time of day, over city and country. 50 40 30 20 0 5 10 15 20 Time of day 100-T, (%) FIGURE 7 Concentrations of air pollution (100-T%), as function of time of day, on clear ... overview of the effects of air pollutants and their causes. From a practical standpoint, the most important factor in the control of indoor air pollution is the quality of the ven- tilation of occupied...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:44

... was a summary of the causes and effects of acidic deposition and a comparison of the costs and effectiveness of alternative emission control scenarios. Since adverse effects of acid rain on ... R.A. (1872), Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatol- ogy. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, England. Stensland, G.J. and R.G. Semonin (1982), Another interpretation of the pH trend ... 4 percent of the lakes and 8 percent of the streams are chronically acidic. Florida has the highest per- centage of acidic surface waters (23 percent of the lakes and 39 percent of the streams)....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... first term on the right-hand side represents the rate of formation of particles of volume v due to coagulation, and the second term that rate of loss of particles of volume v by coagulation ... respectively, which are the functions of u, l, D p and m. The index of refraction m of a particle is given by the inverse of the ratio of the propagation speed of light in a vacuum k 0 to ... properties of an individual particle are a function of its size, shape and refractive index. The intensity of scattered light is a function of the scattering angle, the inten- sity and wavelength of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... competition. (HbCO) (HbO) 210 PC O PO 22  (HbCO) and (HbO 2 ) are the concentrations of carboxyhemo- globin and oxyhemoglobin, and PCO and PO 2 are the partial pressures of carbon monoxide and oxygen. Inspiration of air containing ... engines and tailpipes; gasoline stations; the use of solvents, paints, and lacquers; and a variety of industrial operations. Thus, the control of ozone is complicated by the variety of sources and ... intensity of the activities producing the emissions, the effectiveness of the controls, and the quality of the surveillance instituted to ensure the continued proper use and maintenance of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... of time of day, over city and country. 50 40 30 20 05101520 Time of day 100-T, (%) FIGURE 7 Concentrations of air pollution (100-T%), as function of time of day, on clear day (solid line) and ... importance of heat convection and mechan- ical turbulence is often characterized by the Richardson number, Ri. Actually, – Ri is a measure of the relative rate of production of convective and mechanical ... later, and requires a fairly sophisticated handling of meteorological data. The same models then also help in planning future growth of housing and industry. Of course, not all problems of air...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... proportioning of sand, gravel, cement, and water by means of weight hoppers and conveyors into a mixing receiver. Particulate emissions consist primarily of cement dust, but some sand and aggregate ... form of aerosols, fume, and sprays. The largest use of lead 39% of the total in 1968 is in the construction of storage batteries. The second largest use is in the manufacture of gasoline and ... contribution of vanadium in the lignite deposit and the ash Use of additives: Use of magnesium oxide in oil-fired burners, resulting in the reduction of fine particulate and amounts of vanadium...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... the rate of photosynthesis, addition of biomass per unit of time (yield), or indirectly by nutrient loss or a measure of respiration of the aquatic community. METHODS OF STUDY Standing crop ... reservoir and in the Black Sea. PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND EUTROPHICATION The process of increasing productivity of a body of water is known as eutrophication and in the idealized succession of lakes, ... north end of the lake and the southern end of the lake showed differ- ent periods of high productivity. This variability in productivity may be influenced by sewage discharge and land disturbance....

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... mecha- nism. Because of the large number of important reactions that take place in the atmosphere, the rapid rates of many of them, and the low concentrations of most of the reactants, the ... effects on stratospheric ozone, the sources and fates of toxic chemicals in the atmosphere, and urban and regional haze issues and the presence and effects of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere. ... the condensation of low-volatility products of the photooxidation of hydrocarbons (secondary OC). The organic component of ambient particles is a complex mixture of hundreds of organic compounds,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... Encyclopedia of Environmen- tal Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, edited by J. R. Pfafflin and E.N. Ziegler, Gordon and Breach, New York. 2. Gates, W.E. and S. Ghosh, Biokinetic Evaluation of BOD ... Bewtra, J.K., Biological Treatment of Wastewater, Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. I, edited by E. Ziegler and J. Pfafflin, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc., New ... Treatment of Toxic and Nontoxic Wastes, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 18, 1986, pp. 123–137. 27. Godrej, A.N. and J.H. Sherrard, Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Acti- vated Sludge Treatment of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... University of Cincinnati provides training and environmental- justice support and broadens community affiliations. COMMON AND LEGAL DEFINITIONS The EPA and other environmental- and health-protection ... pilot cleanup and redevelopment pro- gram in 1993. The Chicago Department of Environmental Protection, in partnership with the mayor’s office and the Chicago Departments of Planning and Development, ... Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986; the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988; the Great Lake Critical Programs Act of 1990; the Clean Air Act of 1990; the Clean Water Act of 1990; and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... conditions and therefore must be evaluated in terms of their potential impacts and control mechanisms. Coal pile runoff and coal wetting wastewater contain varying amounts of coal fines and dissolved ... Overcoming both process engineering and environmental problems will be crucial factors in the development of coal liquefaction and gasification plants. Depending upon proj- ect size and complexity, ... nitrogen to ammonia and oxygen to water). According to Quig and Granger (1983), a coal conver- sion facility impacts the environment through the handling of large amounts of coal, and discharges...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... comfort, and efficiency of residents. Cities and towns are judged on the numbers and quality of existing rec- reation opportunities, schools and colleges, and transporta- tion routes, and fiscal ... of crimes, numbers of crimes solved and the convictions that result. Social health indices would include the numbers of persons on public welfare or assistance, and the numbers and rates of ... ambulance equipment and EMT-A training is approved by official boards of physicians and other health care professionals; it is used in accord with tested protocols and the support of hospital physicians...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... uncon- trollable happening of nature wherever and however found. In the Bible “good land” is described as one of brooks of water, of fountains, and depths that spring out of valleys and hills,” for ... first object the minimization of the amounts of thermal or mechan- ical energy and of the amount of equipment and, hence, the amounts of materials used. Quite often, in such optimization studies, ... are no standards of general acceptance for the quality of water required by each group of users. Domestic demand includes all water consumed in housekeeping and gardening. A limit of 500 mg/L...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... Metals Because of their antibacterial and antifungal activity, com- pounds of mercury, silver, copper and tin are of importance from both medical and industrial points of view (Hugo and Russell, ... coef- ficient of 2.74 for each 10°C rise in temperature. 3) Type of organism. EO gas will kill bacteria and their spores, yeasts, moulds and their spores, and viruses (Griffith and Hall, 1938), and ... sterilization of surgical catgut (although this method is now little used) and is nowadays used for the disinfection of drinking and swimming pool water, the disin- fection of instruments and of clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... terms of number of individuals, biomass, and energy equivalence, of the quantity of herbivorous ani- mals present or produced over a period of time, the ener- getic cost of producing and maintaining ... which energy and matter are stored in the form of organic substances) of different organisms, of different trophic levels, and of different ecosystems. They also offer the best means of evaluating ... direct consumption and transformation of living tissue, as in the grazing of rangeland by cattle or sheep, and detritus food-chains, which involve the disintegration and conversion of dead matter,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20