income inequality in latin america and the caribbean

... health in Latin America and the Caribbean: challenges and opportunities] Mexico, Inter American Development Bank, Population Council, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, 2000, (in Spainsh, in press). 3. ... assessment of existing capacity for these functions and to help in strengthening such capacity when necessary (7). Continue building on the important role of NGOs. Changes in financing and decentralization ... (2). Growth in the size and influence of civil society in Brazil since the 1980s has facilitated the positive change. Increasingly democratic processes have lengthened the policy decision-making process,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 16:20

... Programs in Latin America and Caribbean Editors: Gladys Lopez Acevedo Hong W. Tan April 2010 Poverty and Gender Unit Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Latin America and the Caribbean ... Reserved Printing and Manufactured in Mexico / 2010 First Printing: January, 2010 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this book are entirely those of the authors and should ... Division of the Latin America and Caribbean Region of the World Bank. The objective of the study was to rigorously evaluate small and medium enterprise (SME) programs in four Latin American countries—Mexico,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... Ministerial Declaration Preventing through education 1 st Meeting of Ministers of Health and Education to Stop HIV and STIs in Latin America and the Caribbean Preventing through ... education 1. Preamble Gathered in Mexico City, in the context of the XVII International AIDS Conference, with the objective of strengthening the response to the HIV epidemic in formal and non-formal ... settings, we, the Ministers of Health and Education of Latin America and the Caribbean: 1.1 Affirm our commitment to the right to the highest possible level of health, education, non-discrimination...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... this increases the effective marginal The State of Social Protection in Latin America and the Caribbean 33 insurance; (2) providing guidelines on ways to extend coverage by ration- alizing financing ... for understanding this sort of interaction effect in LAC remains limited and further research is needed. 34 Achieving Effective Social Protection for All in Latin America and the Caribbean drawback ... Contributory Pension Coverage Rates in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 2000s, by Quintile of per Capita Income (percentage of the economically active population contributing to pension systems) Source:...

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Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... income inequality in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa are among the highest in the world, but the characteristics and sources of inequality differ distinctively. The Colonial Origins of Inequality ... 1965 (Taylor and Hudson 1972). 1.4.2 The Effect of Land Inequality on Income Inequality in a Regression with Fixed Effects Income inequality figures are derived from the World Income Inequal- ity ... there is growing debate and awareness about the well-being costs of high inequality in Latin America. Given inequality aversion, for which there is convincing evidence from Latin America (World Bank...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:48

... against the wind”: (i) raising RRs during the upswing phase of the cycle to contain excessive credit growth and the associated build up of vulnerabilities and (ii) lowering them during the ... in Latin America. 4 In particular, it assesses their effectiveness in containing bank credit to the private sector, and its interactions with other policies. For this purpose, we examine the ... contain credit growth and manage liquidity conditions in the economy, while managing in tandem policy interest rates. These dynamics are evident prior, during, and following the 2008–2009 financial...

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Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:26

... maintain their relevance in the future. Another reason is that MDBs are important sources and promoters of knowledge and innovation in development thinking and ideas for intervention, and they ... operations. Net income is the difference between income and expenses during a determined period of operations. In general, MDBs can choose to allocate their net income between (i) improving the financial ... earnings. For example, the CDB and CABEI have consistently allocated 100% of their net income to strengthening their capital base. The situation is more complex in the case of the IDB, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... press and the press itself, acompanied by the understanding of its vital necessity for the progress. The appearance of the “penny papers” in the United States and in a certain way also in the whole ... nowadays holds the sad title of being the country with the strongest decline in the region loosing three points in the hands of those gangs. This causes that Mexico is the country in which most journalists ... leads again the Press Freedom and Economic Development ranking for Latin America in 2008. Costa Rica suffered a strong decrease in the score but without loosing the second position in the regional...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... Garcia-Escibano, and M. Vera Martin, 2012, “Credit Growth and the Effectiveness of Reserve Requirements and Other Macroprudential Instruments in Latin America, ” Working Paper No. 12/142 (Washington: International ... 2008, and 2010). We conjecture that the increase in the interest rate gap was achieved by reducing the NRIR, possibly through contracting the output gap (quantifying and rigorously analyzing these ... Expected-Inflation Augmented Taylor Rule 30 5. NRIR: General Equilibrium Model 31 6. Latin America: Interest and Output Gap 32 7. Latin America: Interest Gap and Economic Growth 33 8. Latin America: ...

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Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:20

... using calliandra, that is the value of 1. the extra milk produced, with the costs of planting, cutting and feeding calliandra.2. Beginning in the second year after planting 500 calliandra shrubs, ... households in the survey holding on average 1.6 milking cows and often applying different feeding strategies during the rainy and dry seasons, there were more than 16,400 distinct feeding observations ... different feeding strategies used by farmers (and controlling for breed and season), (2) an understanding of the constraints on adopting the planting of shrubs and its impact, and (3) how women...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20

... America and the Caribbean) (2002) Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy, 2000–2001, Santiago: ECLAC. ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) (2003) Latin America ... stabilising investment, growth and employment. Ríos-Bolívar and Neme- Castillo study the relationship between international trade and per capita income in 21 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean ... remarks: The conclusions run nearly the full gamut, from openness reducing the real income of the poor to openness raising the income of the poor proportion- ately less than the income of the rich...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... Helvetica 12 THE MEDIA IN LATIN AMERICA Kerrypress Ltd – Typeset in XML A Division: chapter01 F Sequential 12 Edited by Jairo Lugo-Ocando the media in Latin America the media in Latin America Edited ... O2 brand); the Slovak Republic (under the O2 brand); Germany (under the O2 brand); the Republic of Ireland (under the O2 brand); and the UK (under the O2 brand). The MoviStar name has been in use ... and media audiences within Cuba itself. Looking at the importance of cultural industries on the island, especially the film industry after the revolution, and the increasing presence of the internet...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:30