in vitro toxicological studies of their biotransformation and potential negative effects

... decrease in the bias of β with increasing df is explained in Dominici et al (2004) for the natural spline case and explored by Rice (1986) and Speckman (1988) in the nonparametric setting Dominici ... notion of ‘degrees of freedom’ ∼ N 0, σ / σ > 2.1 Representing f Common choices for representing the smooth function f in model (1) include natural splines, penalized splines and smoothing splines ... obtained by using the gam.exact software of Dominici et al (2004) Because of the close relationship between penalized splines and smoothing splines (see Appendix A) we compare only the GLM-NS and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20

... experiment, the indicated proteins were incubated together in NaCl ⁄ Pi containing 250 mM NaCl at °C for h, and then incubated with Talon beads The amount of protein present in the fraction bound ... role, such as in DNA replication, in living cells In contrast, mutants of AtRPA70b were viable but showed high sensitivity to UV and MMS, suggesting involvement of AtRPA70b in the repair of damaged ... region, and a third, DBD-C, in the C-terminal region DBD-A and DBD-B are the most important regions for binding of ssDNA, whereas DBD-C has only weak ssDNA-binding activity At the N-terminus of RPA70kDa...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... harvesting complex (LHCI), consisting of four members (Lhca1–4) of the chlorophyll a ⁄ b binding protein family LHCI is bound along one side of PSI only, in the vicinity of the PSI-F and PSI-J ... extreme C-terminus of PSI-G (Fig 1) These cassettes were both cloned into binary vectors under the control of the 35S promoter and terminator, and into vectors for in vitro transcription and translation ... disrupting protein–protein interactions within PSI, or by altering the conformation of the loop His-tags were employed in a topological study of the major light harvesting chlorophyll a ⁄ b binding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... brain and the epithelial tissues of the skin and gastrointestinal tract, the midpoint of the values of bi is 0.71 The midpoint of the values of ki is -0.14, the midpoint of the values of scaling ... values of βi This midpoint is estimated as the midpoint of the values of ki plus the midpoint of the values of bi because values of ki are not available for certain tissues For scaling of the brain ... a function of log(M) has a slope that is strictly increasing This can be seen by writing the sum of power functions in Equation (3) in order of increasing magnitude of the term scaling exponent...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... anchored in the envelope, functions as an ion channel between the interior of virus and its environment and maintains a low pH during virion uncoating during initial stages of infection (Pinto, Holsinger ... increasing the likelihood of a pandemic 1.4 Clinical manifestations and pathology of influenza infection Influenza viruses can infect people of all age groups In addition, infants, the aged and ... Expression of caspase-1 and growth of virus in influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infection of RAW264.7 macrophages 130 4.3 Insights into the role of caspase-1 using a murine model of influenza...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:41

... of Lombard cornfields, and they produce, as infallibly as they produce their sacks of grain and tuns of wine and heaps of silk cocoon, the intellectual and social equivalents of such things in ... art of painting Selection, therefore, which is the only practical kind of idealism, had begun as soon as painting was possessed of the power of representing objects in their relations of line and ... sunshine of the evening, the noise of the streets, the looks of the crowd, the great minster rising half-finished in the midst of the town by the Rhine, the cries and noise and chipping of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 21:20

... 5(3):283-93 37 Cristofolini L, Vinteconti M: Towards the standardization of in vitro load transfer investigations of hip prostheses Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 1999, 34(1):1-15 ... Measurement of the Relative Motion Between an Implant and Bone under Cyclic Loading Strain 2004, 40(1):193-202 43 Monti L, Cristofolini L, Toni A, Ceroni RG: In vitro testing of the primary stability of ... Hip joint loading during walking and running, measured in two patients J Biomech 1993, 26(8):969-90 53 Taylor ME, Tanner KE, Freeman MA, Yettram AL: Stress and strain distribution within the intact...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... to distinguish the effect of crystallite size induced broadening and strain induced broadening at FWHM of XRD profile, Williamson-Hall plot [30] has been drawn which is shown in inset of Figure ... size and strain can be obtained from the intercept at y-axis and the slope of line, respectively β cos θ = Cλ + 2ε sin θ t where b is FWHM in radian, t is the grain size in nm, ε is the strain, ... studies SK and MA carried out the structural studies SAA and MSA performed the thermal studies MAMK and MA also involved in writing of the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... absent of the N–H absorption band at 3400 cm–1 and the presence of the C=O stretching band at 1600 cm–1, whereas in compounds (a) and (d), the presence of N–H stretching and the absence of C=O ... peroxidation was induced by adding 10 µl of FeCl3 (400 mM) and 10 µl of L-ascorbic acid (200 mM) After incubation at 37oC for hr, the reaction was terminated by adding ml of 0.25 N HCl containing 150 ... presence of NaNH2 as a strong base in the reflux condition, and compound (f) was obtained by using acid chloride, i.e., acetyl chloride, at RT instead of using acetic anhydride in the presence of NaNH2,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... proliferating the axillary shoot within 2– weeks of culture Out of the various cytokinins tested, BAP was the most effective for inducing bud break and growth in axillary meristems Kinetin alone or in ... shoot having 3–4 nodes) within weeks of subculture (Tab II) (Fig 1b) Analysis of variance for the effects of cytokinins and auxins on production of multiple shoots and average number of shoots/explant ... with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L of IAA, IBA and NAA alone or in combination for induction of rooting In case of rooting experiment, 10 replicates per treatment were taken and the experiment was...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... Highest levels of D finally resulted in a reincrease of m’ /F v’ F and in a strong decline of qp Despite large differences in leaf strucspecies, only minor variations tures among detected in PS II ... efficiency of dark-adapted leaves and after a 10-min induction period at 220 μmol m s on leaf disks from seed-2 -1 lings of a broad range of species, including mesophytic oaks, xerophytic oaks and intertropical ... dehydration-induced impairment were increases in a fast relaxing nonphotochemical quenching of fluorescence, which appeared at a relative leaf water loss > 0.35 in Q petraea and which was inincrease in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... primary MSCs and to investigate whether levels and extent of hypertrophy in vitro is influenced by the choice of transgene Materials and methods Construction and preparation of recombinant adenoviral ... 6-CFDA negative) , and viable cells (Ann5 negative, 6-CFDA positive) Aggregates were incubated with 50 μL of the double labelling staining solution for 10 minutes at room temperature After staining, ... the indicated time-points For this, to 10 pellets per group and time point for each donor were pooled and homogenized using a pellet pestle and repeated titration in mL of Trizol reagent (Invitrogen,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... scores of to receive a vaginal irritation rating of "minimal," scores of to receive a vaginal irritation rating of "mild," scores of to 11 receive a vaginal irritation rating of "borderline," and ... Scores of epithelium irritation, leucocytes infiltration, vascular congestion and edeme, and vaginal irritation index obtained in three groups of New Zealand White rabbits traited vaginally during ... measured daily; and clinical observations were recorded, including swollen vulva areas, blood-stained urine, and soft stools On day 10, all animals were euthanized by intravenous injection of sodium...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Olsen DB: Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by a quinazolinone and comparison with inhibition by pyridinones Differences in the rates of inhibitor binding and in synergistic inhibition ... fitting of the data using the single ligand binding equation y = (Bmax × [ligand])/(Kd + [ligand]) The DEC formation by TFV-terminated DNA/RT in the presence of dCTP yielded Bmax = 49.2 ± 2.7% and ... NRTI+NRTI combinations was first ignited during the HIV monotherapy era by the surprisingly synergistic effects of AZT+ddI both in vitro and in clinical trial studies [22-24], in the absence of a pharmacokinetic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:21

... interactions of integrins Cell Tissue Res (3):285-298 41 Mould AP, Askari JA, Aota SI, et al 1997;Defining the topology of integrin alpha5beta1-fibronectin interactions using inhibitory anti-alpha5 and ... JE, Santoro SA 1995;The spatial and temporal expression of the alpha beta integrin and its ligands, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin, suggest important roles in mouse mammary morphogenesis ... isolation and expansion Cytotherapy 75 Du F, Zhou Z, Mo ZY, et al 2006;Mixed macromolecular crowding accelerates the refolding of rabbit muscle creatine kinase: implications for protein folding in physiological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:16

... direction in cylindrical coordinate μ viscosity of the working fluid ν kinematic viscosity of the working fluid ρ density of the working fluid τ non-dimensional period of the oscillating flow ... structure in (c) and a spiral-type breakdown in (f) 56 Fig 4.6 Generation and evolution of vortex structure with increasing Re for Λ = 3.75 Note the formation of a helical instability in (a) and (b), ... competition in unsteady flow regime Competition between distinct modes in rotating flows has been and continues to be of both fundamental and practical interest With rotating flows, the basic state is often...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT Fig 2.1 Schematic drawing of the overall experimental setup 23 CHAPTER DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT Fig 2.2 Schematic drawing of the confined cylinder setup On top of the cylinder, ... cylinder wall is too thick to allow efficient heat exchange between the fluid inside the cylinder and its surroundings, there is a gradual rise in the temperature of the fluid, resulting in an increase ... sampling period about 0.5 seconds Correspondingly, the uncertainty of Reynolds number is about of 0.8% To minimize flow image distortion due to the curvature of the cylinder, the whole cylinder...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... values and locations of three local maxima and minima of ψ and η at H/R = 2.5 and Re = 2494 with constant rotating speed The finite differential results by Lopez and Shen (1999) are also included in ... origin at the centre of the rotating end wall and the positive-z axis pointing towards the stationary endwall R H z Ω θ r Fig 3.1 Flow configuration in a confined cylinder with one rotating end ... used for the present study Assuming N+1 and M+1 are the number of grid points in the r and z direction, respectively, then Δr and Δz can be calculated as: Δr = so, HR and Δz = N +1 M +1 ri = i ∗...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... consists of a Plexiglas cylinder (commercial available) with a nominal inner radius R of 87.25 mm, and a matching rotating disk at the top and a stationary disk at the bottom of the cylinder The ... supporting disk Ball bearing Offset cone Rotating disk ε R Dye injection port H Square tank Cylinder Thermocouple Fig 4.1 Schematic drawing of the first set of apparatus Fig 4.2 Schematic drawing of ... Springer] showing the initiation and evolution of a bubble-type vortex breakdown with increasing Re for Λ = 3.5 HI denotes a “helical instability” which is a manifestation of an offset dye injection...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... series over minute and corresponding the amplitude of FFT results) taken (a) minutes, (b) minutes, and (c) 16 minutes after start-up from rest with Re = 2760 and Λ = 1.704, showing evolution ... series over minute and corresponding the amplitude of FFT results) taken (a) minutes, (b) 12 minutes, and (c) 18 minutes after start-up from rest with Re = 2806 and Λ = 1.76, showing evolution ... series over minute and corresponding the amplitude of FFT results) showing the evolution to an LC1 state at Λ =1.733 taken (a) 10 minutes, (b) 20 minutes, and (c) 25 minutes after starting gradually...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02