... 5567Twomey, S.: The influenceof pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34,1249–1152, 1977. 5565Unger, N., Shindell, D., Koch, D., and Streets, D.: Cross influenceof ozone and ... the ratio of global mean burdento global mean emission) is influenced by changes of the source distribution as wellas changes in the aerosol and oxidant composition. The influenceof changes ... mode, is a result of the interdependence of sulfate andcarbonaceous emission to form aerosols of the accumulation size mode range. Gas-phase SO4condensates on the surface of primary emitted...
... catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.Structural insights into the mechanochemicalnature of a-CT catalysisA more detailed analysis of the influenceof chemicalglycosylation on the dynamics of a-CT from ... within a cutoff distance (rc¼ 6.0 A˚). The dynamics of the resulting network are then defined by the Ni · Nj Kir-chhoff connectivity matrix of interresidue contacts (G)where the off diagonal ... pot-entials (EP) for the Ne of the lysine residues of a-CT at pH 9. EP,EwaldEi. EP is the Ewald energy of placing a charge of +1 at thelocation of the ithionizable atom [89].Reactivity order...
... are due to different packing of the protein chainsin crystallo. A comparison of the X-ray structuresrevealed, however, that the structures of the HC and of b2m of the two subtypes appear nearly ... conformational flexibility of the B*2705HC in comparison to that of B*2709 found also incase of pVIPR-U5 (see IR results, Fig. 2) must beregarded as an intrinsic property of the HC of the twosubtypes ... studythe effect of lowering the pH such that it approachedthat in an inflamed tissue [12].To this end, we analysed the influenceof a pH value of 5.6 on the thermal stability of all four HLA-B27:peptidecomplexes...
... 1 h after addition of ligand and reached peaklevels of 19 000-fold induction by 48 h after addition of ligand (Fig. 11A). The turn off of reporter activityafter withdrawal of ligand is also ... the place of USP in all EcR gene switchesdeveloped to date. One of the major limitations of cur-rent versions of EcR gene switches is the requirement of micromolar concentrations of ligand ... terms of low background levels of reporter geneactivity in the absence of a ligand and high levels of reporter gene activity in the presence of a ligand [23].However, the ligand sensitivity of...
... efficiency of various genes under thecontrol of a strong promotor is influenced by manyFig. 5. Influenceof CSPs on the in vitro translation of CAT. Activitylevel of CAT after in vitro translation of ... inherentexperimental errors of our assay. However, the expres-sion of CAT under the influenceof any of the threeused CSPs resulted in a significant, dramatic decrease of protein synthesis rate ... cases. Thereforewe can confirm the hypothesis of [6] that high concen-trations of CSPs lead to an inhibition of generalR. Hofweber et al. Influenceof CSPs on transcription and translationFEBS...
... membrane interaction behaviour of MPRP-Cand MPRP-I is independent of the membrane phasebut not of the presence of charged lipids. Cholesteroldoes not reduce the extent of or potentiate membraneinteraction. ... membrane interactions of peptidescan be enhanced by a concerted action of severalmembrane-binding motifs or by the particular dispo-sition of key residues in the context of long peptides oreven ... analysis of partition into membranes of mem-brane proximal region sequence. (A) Values of DGwif< 0 indicatethe sequence residues with tendency to the membrane–waterinterface. (B) Values of...
... value of paintings. British Journal of Psychology,94(1), 99–110.Russell, P. A., & Milne, S. (1997). Meaningfulness and hedonic value of paintings: effects of titles. EmpiricalStudies of the ... 193Entitling art: Influenceof title informationon understanding and appreciation of paintingsHelmut Ledera,b,*, Claus-Christian Carbona, Ai-Leen RipsasbaFaculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, ... consist of artworks, it is worthwhile to study the effect of paintings by artists of high art. Leder et al. (2004) considered this to be of particularimportance, because a preclassification of an...
... the inactivation courses of apo-TNXIand of TNXI in the presence of 5 mm concentrations of each of the three divalent cations (Mg2+,Mn2+,orCo2+). With the exception of apo-TNXI, whose inacti-vation ... inactivation inthe presence of 5 mm metal at 99–100 °C was slowest in the presence of Mn2+[half-life (t1 ⁄ 2) of 84 min], compared to Co2+(t1 ⁄ 2 of 14 min) andMg2+(t1 ⁄ 2 of 2 min). While adding ... optimal temperatures of activity often in excess of 100 °C [1]. Studies focus-ing on the molecular basis for the thermostability of these enzymes have revealed an array of subtle contri-buting...
... College London, UKThe ability of yeasts to grow in the presence of weak organicacid preservatives is an important cause of food spoilage.Many of the determinants of acetate resistance in Sac-charomyces ... intracellular levels of benzoate and fluoresceinby catalysing an active efflux of these compounds from thecell [2,4]. The inhibitory effects of different organic acids oncells of the Dpdr12 mutant ... short chain(C3)8) carboxylic acids of reasonable water solubility [5,6].A similar spectum of acids is also capable of mediating theWar1p-dependent induction of Pdr12p [3,6]. These are acidsthat...
... presence of low concentrations of cytochrome c plus TMPD and ascorbate. As the concen-tration of cytochrome c is increased, the fraction of cytochrome a that is reduced increases. The fraction of cytochrome ... 90% inhibition of the overallactivity of the cytochrome c oxidase, an energetic difference of 1.2 kcalÆmol)1. Part of the inhibition probably stemsfrom a slight weakening of the interaction ... theconsumption of protons in the mitochondrion, results in theformation and maintenance of a transmembrane gradient of protons. It, in conjunction with the membrane potential,powers the synthesis of ATP...
... evaluation of the influenceof jitter (as well of other levels of noise and their combinations) in theperformance of the PDA and HNRSr would require extensivetests and is out of the scope of this ... spite of using estimated values forthe pulse amplitudes.Both facts can be explained by the presence, in any pulse of the signal, of the decaying tails of previous pulses. Thissummation of tails ... implementation of (28)wasperformedbysetting a sampling frequency of 22050 Hz, a fundamentalfrequency of 150 Hz (yielding 147 samples per period), andM= 300, to produce an approximate of 2 seconds of synthesized...
... interval of 1/8 has been selected for all tests[6, 13].3. Results3.1. Influenceof MPE-FEC Coding Rate on R, RCINR|5,andRE|5. In this section, the influenceof the MPE-FEC rate onthe range of ... are the result of one singleinvestigated route.3.2. Influenceof Modulation Scheme on R, RCINR|5,andRE|5.In this section, the influenceof the modulation scheme onthe range of the DVB-H ... strength.MFER is the ratio of the number of residual erroneous frames(i.e., not recoverable) and the number of received frames[3]. FER is the ratio of the number of erroneous framesbefore...
... coupling. How-ever, the plot of v-1versus T (with cobalt concentration of 0.18 M) in the inset of Fig. 7b does not passes through theorigin. Extrapolation of the linear part of this curve givesan ... distortion of thetetrahedral coordination of Co2?ions and direct bandgap absorption, while high cobalt concentration samples([0.05 M) have more distortion of the tetrahedral coordi-nation of Co2?and ... forgeneration of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) [3,12]. DMS can play a vital role in the field of spintronicsbecause of its ability to accommodate electron charge andits spin degrees of freedom...
... piezoelectriccoefficient d33 of ground state superlattice is 86.36 pC/N,which is slightly less than the value of 103.18 pC/N of PTO,but much larger than the value of 36.43 pC/N of BTO.Under the loading of uniaxial ... the slope of polarization versus stress curves. Theenhancement of piezoelectricity corresponds to the maxi-mum slope of the curve of Fig. 4aatrc, it is the change of magnitude of polarization ... lattice constants of the unstrained superlatticestructure. We have examined the accuracy of our calcula-tions by studying the influenceof different strains on theproperties of BTO and PTO, respectively...
... nm of Au and had an area of &6 9 6mm2. The morphology of the SnO2NWs wasexamined with a TESCAN scanning electron microscope(SEM) while the crystal structure and the phase purity of the ... source of short pulses. Approximately 1 mJ of amplified energy wasused to pump an Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA)providing ultrafast pulses in the UV range of the spectrum.The rest of the ... anaverage diameter of 50 nm and lengths C5 lms. Further-more the diameter of the SnO2NWs was found to beuniform along their length. The growth of the SnO2NWsoccurs via the formation of Au nanoparticles...