impact on host genome evolution in the microbial world

... from India, we found that there is uneven nucleotide variation along the genome and the region corresponding to the IRs is highly divergent relative to the analogous genome region in other geminiviruses ... bold red The TATA box, the conserved regions and stem-loop regions are also indicated in the figure Region of all geminiviruses contain stem loop with conserved (in most of the cases) nonanucleotide ... be a minor parent (nt 24-982, spanning the AV1 and AV2) As seen from the Additional file 1, Table S1, one of the important recombination sites lies in the AC1 region of the genome and the other...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... wide spread use of vaccines, recombination as a consequence of mixed infections, or the decrease of dominant serotypes as a result of vaccination, allowing other field strains to emerge [19] Group ... vaccine against IBV infection in the next flock Therefore, several tests have been employed to identify the isolates into serotypes or genotypes [15] Typing with RT-PCR and sequencing of the ... of IBV Genotyping of IBV on the basis of the S1 gene sequence, particularly the HVR region of the S1 gene, is the most Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparison The S1 gene of the thirteen...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22

... identify them in the past The initial approach to accessing hydantoinases involved screening and isolating naturally occurring enzymes possessing hydantoin-hydrolyzing activity from microbes, and using ... further increase the size of the substrate binding pocket In HYDJs, the sizes of the substrate binding pocket and the entrance to the active site are increased compared to those of HYDBp, making ... using them to produce optically pure amino acids [4,16–18] The second approach involved accessing hydantoinase genes by cloning, and expressing them heterologously in more efficient hosts In a...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... CRFR1h2 protein is similar to CRFR1a except that it contains an insertion between the ligand binding domain and the first transmembrane domain (Fig 1B) Protein expression To verify that the constructs ... corresponds to the plasmid containing CRFR1a isoform We also constructed an artificial CRFR1h2 isoform by introduction of two point mutations that restore the original reading frame (Fig 1B) Thus, the ... different constructs were produced for CRFR1h isoform The first contained exons 1–4 and a fragment of the cryptic exon up to the translation terminator These constructs were also assembled in three...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... regions (Fig 5) Among these are the conserved domains involved in substrate binding (AWRTDEEFGREMLAG, positions 373–387) and in oxygen binding (ASALHAAVNFGQY, positions 723–735) The highly conserved ... missed the first 51 bp at the 5¢ end as the sense primer was designed considering the ATG located at position 4235 of the genomic clone as the translation start The characterization of other clones ... indicating the translation start and the stop codon The introns and exons are drawn in proportion to their length (B) Nucleotide and deduced amino acidic sequences of the hazelnut LOX gene The inverted...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... 2) The lac1 protein contains only one potential N-glycosylation site (Asn-X-Thr/Ser in which X is not proline) The calculated isoelectric point for the cloned cDNA product is 4.5 All the amino ... Regulation of lac1 expression by copper The effect of copper concentration on lac1 expression in cultures of V volvacea is shown in Fig Lac1 transcription increased with increasing concentrations ... of the single cysteine This residue, which appears to have a role in determining the redox potential of the enzyme [33], can be methionine, leucine or phenylalanine Therefore, lac1 with a leucine...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... using the fuzzy select tool in gimp with the Feather Edges option checked Then, using the histogram dialog tool, we obtained information about the statistical distribution of color values in the ... predicted on the basis of the monogenic nature of the disorder, as was the case in 76% of our patients In the remaining cases, there was a discordance between genotype and phenotype In addition to the ... responsiveness in novel mutations carriers We tested BH4 responsiveness in the two HPA patients, one bearing mutation p.Q301P and the other bearing mutation c.707-2delA (i.e the two new mutations)...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... assist in the binding and positioning of the substrate and play a role in the recognition of the reducing end of the cellulose chain Arginine side-chains are present in all equivalent locations in ... residues lie in the most favoured regions and 13.8% lie in the allowed region, while Ser311 was the only nonglycine residue in the generously allowed region and there were no residues in the disallowed ... article presents the first report on the purification and 3D structural determination of a native core CBH protein, and of the cloning and over-expression of the corresponding gene, from a thermophilic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... buffer B containing 100 mm NaCl to eliminate some contaminant ChPLA2 was eluted from the MonoQ Sepharose column upon a single wash with the same buffer containing 200 mm NaCl Fractions containing ChPLA2 ... supernatant, increasing the alcohol concentration to 80% (v ⁄ v) Precipitated proteins, which contained about 43% of the starting amount of PLA2, were solubilized in a minimum volume of buffer A containing ... Several clones were selected, and some of them contained a recombinant plasmid with a 500 bp EcoRI insert The cDNA sequencing confirmed that the PCR product corresponded to the gene coding for the mature...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... infections to the species and strain level [9] Of the five plants analyzed in this manner, three were found to contain only EACMV-like viruses, one to be infected with ACMV and one to contain a ... of geminiviruses from FTA cards JL conceived and contributed to the use of FTA in the field in Africa and provided critical input in drafting the manuscript TA interpreted data, corrected the manuscript ... conditions consisted of 30 cycles of 94°C for min., 58°C for and 72°C for MSV F &MSVR : PCR conditions consisted of 30 cycles of 94°C for min, 59°C for and 72°C for mins C1F &C2R: PCR conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... infections to the species and strain level [9] Of the five plants analyzed in this manner, three were found to contain only EACMV-like viruses, one to be infected with ACMV and one to contain a ... of geminiviruses from FTA cards JL conceived and contributed to the use of FTA in the field in Africa and provided critical input in drafting the manuscript TA interpreted data, corrected the manuscript ... conditions consisted of 30 cycles of 94°C for min., 58°C for and 72°C for MSV F &MSVR : PCR conditions consisted of 30 cycles of 94°C for min, 59°C for and 72°C for mins C1F &C2R: PCR conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... prove using the banding techniques, but, once again, the demonstration could be done using chromosome painting In Figure 8b we observed one normal chromosome 15 in green, as well as one normal ... artificial insemination (AI) since the end of the 1980’s [12] has resulted in an intensification of the control programmes, and in a drastic modification of their structure [10] Presently, about 90% of the ... our gratitude to the staffs of the insemination centers, of the selection organizations as well as the herd-stock breeders, for the bloodtaking and all the arrangements concerning the animals REFERENCES...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... deviation of the control reaction, δn= standard deviation of the inhibition reaction, µp= average of the points in the control reaction and µn=average of the points in the inhibition reaction (Zhang ... varied inhibitor concentrations In all cases including the control reactions lacking inhibitors, the final reaction mixture contained 2% (v/ v) DMSO The reaction was initiated by addition of substrate, ... various concentrations of inhibitors ranging from 50 nM to 250 µM following a minute pre–incubation All reactions were initiated by the addition of the aldehyde substrate The inhibition curves...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:51

... sequence in its backbone that is able to bind the MHC II alleles of the responding individual; and (3) the free energy of interaction of the allergen with the antibody should be adequate to ensure binding ... populations on the recombinant allergens 116 Figure 11: Percentage of IgE binding frequency and IgE binding strength to D farinae, D pteronyssinus and B tropicalis recombinant allergens of Singaporean ... profiles of the sera selected for inhibition studies 181 Table 15: Classification of allergen homologues based on their IgE binding rate and IgE binding strength according to the populations tested...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:08

... modular structure containing an ethylene-binding domain in the Nterminus (Schaller and Bleecker, 1995) and regions homologous to histidine kinases and response regulators in the C-terminus (Chang et ... rate-limiting step of ethylene biosynthesis (Figure 1) In addition to ACC, the reaction also results in the production of 5’methylthioadenosine (MTA), which is then converted to methionine via the ... resulted in an increase in the spermidine content and shoot regenerability of the cultured explants (Noh and Minocha, 1994) The findings have prompted the speculation that increased shoot regeneration...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... ankyrin repeats from over 4000 proteins, indicated that the ankyrin repeat domains in VBARP exhibit a high homology to those present in the consensus within the conserved, semiconserved and the nonconserved ... length in base pairs of each exon is marked on top of the boxes representing the exons Exon numbers are derived from the genomic sequence, after designating the first coding exon number and counting ... gambiae Interestingly, all the compared species contained the 12 ankyrin repeat domains and exhibited high homology between them, suggesting a conserved function for this protein Identification of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... [66] The present results strongly support the findings described by Lerondelle [42] that a S uberis infection rarely gives rise to clinical mastitis The infection remains subclinical during long ... zooepidemicus indicator strain, could be observed for 47 of the 135 isolates The remaining strains, also including the reference strains of both species, appeared to be hyaluronidase negative Among the ... staphylococcal α-toxin could be observed for five of the 130 S uberis strains In lectin agglutination reactions, 43 of 130 S uberis strains exhibited agglutination reactions with the lectin of Helix...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 17:22

... platelets This inhibition was later attributed to the high affinity binding of trigramin to the fibrinogen binding integrin GPIIbIIIa which hindered the association of platelet with fibrin/fibrinogen ... TFPI to inhibit TF–VIIa In contrast to the extrinsic pathway, the intrinsic pathway (contact pathway) can be defined as coagulation initiated by components entirely contained within the vascular ... kallikrein [77] The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways both activate FX and merge into the common pathway Once FXa is formed, it converts prothrombin to thrombin The interaction of the four components...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:08

... Cloning, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Drysdalin Introduction 79 Overview of pET system; Choosing the host for expression; Choosing the vector for expression; Factors influencing ... Transformation of cloning and expression host strains; Expression of protein; Purification of protein; Mass determination; Refolding of protein Results and discussion 97 Expression of the trx- fused ... show the distribution Chapter The snake is easily recognized by the thin white stripe running along its upper lip, continuing along the side of the head, fading out along the neck and hence the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:02

... isolation of phage populations containing multiply represented clones The screening efficiency depends on the absolute number of clones displaying the same gene products among the original library ... Biological function Molecular weight (kDa) 98 kDa chitinase Gelsolin-like protein/ villin EF-hand calciumbinding protein 60kDa chitinase anti -microbial peptide Arginine kinase Unknown 98 IgEbinding (%) ... tract, cramping, diarrhea and vomiting in the gastrointestinal tract, erythema and urticaria on the skin The reaction takes place within minutes Mast cells stimulated by antigen cross-linked to...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 12:44