identification of cancer stem cell related micrornas in hepatocellular carcinoma

... also maintain their inherent stem cell capacity to self-renew and differentiate In this thesis, the molecular and clinical significance of cancer stemcell markers and its related proteins in colorectal ... cancer development In particular, we intend to: (i) study the prognostic and predictive effect of cancer stem cell markers in colorectal cancers (ii) examine the associations of cancer stem cell ... are limited data to support the clinical relevance of cancer stem cells Taking into consideration that the working mechanisms of the cancer stem- cell concept may incorporate many molecular pathways...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:57

... their expression Rab family of GTPases: Rab3d The Rab family of small GTPases are involved in intracellular cell signaling processes, including tethering and docking of vesicles to their target ... counterpart in others) Of those 426 markers, 17 are involved in multiple distinct lineages that include at least one non-embryonic cell type; nine markers are highly expressed in the stem cells, six ... specialization of stem cell related genes originally expressed in other tissues Superfamilies with large rates of duplication in the vertebrate lineage may have functions related to the development of an increasingly...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... germline stem cell and its surrounding cap cells (in ovary) or hub cells (in testes) is a good example of how stem cells utilizing this mechanism establishes polarity and maintains its stem cell ... proliferation and maintenance of stem cells, and how perturbation of normal stem cell behavior can lead to cancer have been key areas of research in the field of stem cell biology Asymmetric stem cell division ... function in promoting and inhibiting stem cell self-renewal, loss of Pins function causes a reduction in neuroblast numbers in the larval brain due to occurrence of GMC/GMC siblings and in turn...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:32

... in human liver cancer 57 4.1.1 HDAC1 and expression was increased in human hepatocellular carcinoma protein extracts 57 4.1.2 HDAC1 and expression was increased in human hepatocellular ... 5% in developing countries (Chuang et al., 2009) 1.1.2 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) There are many forms of liver cancers with different histological types These include hepatocellular carcinoma, ... significant reduction in deacetylase activity in the Sin3 and NuRD complexes, as well as increase in levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 in the embryonic stem cells On the other...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:27

... recombinant Lefty1 protein was able to block reduction in level of alkaline phosphatase staining induced by Lefty2 RNAi Alkalline phosphatase staining was carried out day post transfection of Lefty2 ... effect in maintaining the undifferentiated cell state (Figure 2) One interesting factor identified from the screen is Lefty2, a secreted protein well known for its role in regulating Nodal signaling ... maintain ES cell self renewal was investigated in mouse ES cells Lefty is known to be a secreted protein We hence wanted to first confirm that its site of action is extracellular in the ES cell...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... signals dictate embryonic stem cell fates is also not entirely clear Conflicting roles of Nodal signaling in both the maintenance of ES cell self renewal and induction of ES cell differentiation have ... Nodal signaling might, as in the in vivo scenario, likewise influence ES cell fate decision in a dose dependent manner in vitro is addressed Interestingly, it was found that Nodal signaling is able ... addition of Activin A ligand causes differentiation of ES cells into meso/mesendodermal lineages while repression of signaling with the specific chemical inhibitor SB431542 and Lefty protein supplementation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... duration of the experiment The E14 cells were fed daily with medium containing fresh Activin A 4.14.2 Inhibition of Nodal/Activin signaling To abolish/diminish Nodal/Activin signaling, the cells ... the C-terminus of Lefty2 was chosen instead of the N-terminus because tagging at N-terminus may result in the V5 tag being cleaved off during LEFTY2 processing and secretion The insert was amplified ... day of selection 4.9 Alkaline phosphatase staining Detection of alkaline phosphatase, which is indicative of the nondifferentiated state of ES cells, was carried out using a commercial ES Cell...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells Cell 113, 643-655 Chambers, I., and Smith, A (2004) Self-renewal of teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells Oncogene ... M T., King, C C., and Hayek, A (2005) Activin A maintains pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers Stem Cells 23, 489-495 Besser, D (2004) Expression of nodal, ... Transcriptome profiling of human and murine ESCs identifies divergent paths required to maintain the stem cell state Stem Cells 23, 166-185 Wieduwilt Matthew J., (2003) SMAD3 in embryonic patterning, mesoderm...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell lines The derivation of pluripotent cell lines from blastocysts was first achieved in the murine system in 1981 by Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman and independently ... types of the three germ layers in culture Another defining feature of ES cells is their acquired capacity to proliferate indefinitely in vitro without undergoing senescence while retaining a ... understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying self renewal and cell fate determination of ES cells 1.2 Molecular basis underlying ES cell self renewal Despite the importance of stem cell self...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... -catenin (Catnb) Dot1l Lef1 Gata3 • • • • • • • • complex Involved in Wnt signaling Subunit of Cadherin protein complex Intracellular mediator of canonical Wnt signaling Non-SET domain protein Histone ... TGFsuperfamily Involved in Nodal signaling Nodal antagonist • • • • • Rex2 • Zinc finger protein • • • Zfx • • • a-catenin • Zinc finger protein Transcription factor Link to canonical Wnt pathway Subunit of ... differentiated cells Reduced expression during retinoic acid induced differentiation of F9 cells High expression in ES cells Link to canonical Wnt pathway • • • • • • Secreted protein Member of TGFsuperfamily...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03

... membrane-bound mucin MUC1 maintains a small population of stem/ progenitor cells in the breast cancer (MCF7) cell line [11] The fact that the vast majority of MCF7 stem cell enriched SP cells express ... expressed in stem/ progenitor cells in ovarian cancer cells MUC4 is known to be overexpressed in many types of carcinomas, including ovarian carcinoma [3,5,26] The primary role of MUC4 is to protect ... signaling [7,8] Our recent finding showed that an overexpression of MUC4 increases the expression of HER2 in ovarian cancer cells [8] and stabilizes the HER2 oncoprotein in pancreatic cancer cells...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... higher expression of LgR5 in precancerous cells of BE, in comparison to cells of invasive AC LgR5 signalling may therefore play a biological role in potentially cancer- initiating BE cells Although ... staining of intestinal metaplasia or tumor cells was performed analyzing six defined representative individual high power fields (× 400) for each staining sample Scoring was done by means of cell ... intestinal stem cell properties [15-18] The aim of our study was to investigate expression of this putative intestinal stem cell marker in esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) with and without associated intestinal...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... HCoSV-E1 is a result of dietary ingestion and is not a virus that truly infects or replicates in human cells Regardless of the clinical role of HCoSVE1, the identification of HCoSV-E1 in this study ... organization of Cosavirus Genomic organization of Cosavirus Schematic of initial protein products P1, P2, and P3 (A) Schematic of processed polyprotein (B) Representation of sequence obtained from ... diversity in a winter epidemic of acute diarrhea in France J Clin Microbiol 2002, 40:4266-4272 Finkbeiner SR, Allred AF, Tarr PI, Klein EJ, Kirkwood CD, Wang D: Metagenomic analysis of human diarrhea:...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... proportion of 1% to a relative proportion of 99% given a range of differences in the intrinsic rate of increase of the two clones rA - = the intrinsic rate of increase of clone A minus the intrinsic ... Understanding the cancer stem cell Br J Cancer 2010, 103:439-445 11 Lindeman GJ, Visrader JE: Insights into the cell of origin in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells Asia Pac J Clin Oncol ... insights into this process The inclusion of cancer stem cells into models of clonal evolution leads to the prediction that in cancers which contain stem cells, clonal evolution of stem cells may...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... 30768-81 xiii Summary Protein Kinase C -related kinases (PRK) are members of the protein kinase C (PKC) superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases The structure of members of the PKC superfamily ... 4.1.4 Critical role of the C-terminus of PRK1 in its activation by RhoA in cells 4.1.5 Functional importance of the very C-terminus of PRK1 in medicating LPA-elicited actin/myosin II contractility ... coiled coil ADAM A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease AGC family Protein Kinase A, Protein Kinase G and Protein Kinase C aPKC Atyptical Protein Kinase C Arg Arginine ATP Adenosine 5’ Triphosphate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 12:01

... Breast cancer 1.1.1 Definition of breast cancer 1.1.2 Incidence of breast cancer worldwide 1.1.3 Incidence of breast cancer in Singapore 1.1.4 Risk factors of breast cancer 1.1.5 Stages of breast cancer ... malignant cancer that originates from breast cells Breast cancer mostly originates in the cells of lobules or ducts Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating ... effector of PERK, Nrf2 in breast cancer cell lines The levels of eIFα and Nrf2 in a panel of breast cancer cell lines including the non-tumorigenic MCF10A and MCF12A cells, low-proliferative MCF7 cells...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:35

... knowledge of the biosynthesis of DIMs and PGLs, the in vivo functions of these FadD proteins in this pathway remain to be established and ⁄ or completed For instance, the involvement of FadD26 in the ... Rv2949c, abolishing the production of p-HBA, which, in turn, would suppress the synthesis of PGL-tb in the mutant strain To examine whether the absence of PGL-tb in the cell envelope of the PMM66:pPET1 ... presence of lower amounts of PpsA–E in the bacterial cell would decrease the production rates of both classes of lipids In such a case, introduction of a wild-type allele of fadD26 into PMM137 would...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... the same cells and in different cells (D) These cells, grown from the neural retina, show staining common to brain neural stem cells (DCX, red) and staining found only in neural stem cells derived ... Doublecortin (DCX, red), vimentin (green), and nestin (blue) staining in a neurosphere demonstrate the intimate commingling of the cells in a sphere as well as expression of multiple markers both in ... determinants during division of a neural stem cell in a fly embryo, showing the opposite localizations for ACD determinants in the stem cell and differentiating cell The Miranda protein, stained red,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:52

... distinguish precancerous stem cells from primary cancer stem cells First is the location Precancerous stem cells mainly exist in precancerous lesions, but primary cancer stem cells exist in primary ... isolation of a type of precancerous stem cells from dendritic cell- like leukemic mice and the establishment of this precancerous stem cell line The precancerous stem cells had stem cell- like ... primary cancer stem cells initiate from; whether primary cancer stem cells are same in the same type of cancer among different patients; and how to distinguish cancer stem cells from normal stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... distinguish precancerous stem cells from primary cancer stem cells First is the location Precancerous stem cells mainly exist in precancerous lesions, but primary cancer stem cells exist in primary ... isolation of a type of precancerous stem cells from dendritic cell- like leukemic mice and the establishment of this precancerous stem cell line The precancerous stem cells had stem cell- like ... primary cancer stem cells initiate from; whether primary cancer stem cells are same in the same type of cancer among different patients; and how to distinguish cancer stem cells from normal stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20