hypothalamic pituitary adrenal dysfunction in the polycystic ovary syndrome

... model by including synthesis and regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (R) in the pituitary [18,19] In the pituitary, cortisol enters the cell and binds the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytoplasm, ... [20,21], it induces the synthesis of GR-mRNA and increases the sensitivity in the anterior pituitary [22,23] Our model incorporates the increased synthesis of GR in the anterior pituitary Page ... depending on the abundance of OR and the equilibrium binding affinity (K) The model further assumes that cortisol (O) and the glucocorticoid receptor (R) bind to each other with very fast kinetics...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... that included a blank body manikin on which subjects were asked to indicate the site of any pain lasting at least 24 h or more in the past month The questionnaire also included the following items ... owing to difficulties in standardising collection procedures in the home environment We therefore examined whether an approach that combined the four sources of cortisol data would be more informative ... an impact on the accuracy of the findings More importantly, subjects with chronic widespread pain, when compared to pain free controls, have increased rates of other symptoms, including high levels...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... to the improvement in insulin sensitivity, to the reduction in BMI, and to the powerful anti-inflammatory effect of training [46,47] However, exercise training should be continued regularly in ... excluded from the study The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Institutional Ethical committee approved the study protocol The purpose of the protocol ... to maintain the described beneficial effects [48] Our previous prospective controlled data [46-48], in fact, confirmed that exercise training is effective in reducing BMI and improving insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... rather than sex hormonebinding globulin and adiponectin levels is the best predictor of insulin resistance in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:3626-3631 ... Methods The procedures used were in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration on Human Experimentation and the Good Clinical Practice (CGP) guidelines No approval by the Institutional ... completely explain the exact mechanisms by which metformin exerts its beneficial effects on the syndrome Competing interests 19 20 21 22 The authors declare that they have no competing interests References...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... CA) The repression activity of the Mad-SID is mediated through interactions of the Mad N-terminus with the mammalian Sin3 co-repressor protein [10,11] The effectiveness of the Sin3 binding domain ... this is due to the Mad repression domain interacting specifically with the Sin3 complex deacetylase leading to chromatin remodeling [10] On the other hand, the VP16 activation domain mechanism ... is involved in modulating the signaling cascade activated by PRL in granulosa cells [48] The Ctla4, Eda, and Mrgpre genes are in the signaling category but are not found in the OKDB However, they...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... role in the intra-ovarian mechanisms regulating the ovarian function In fact, significant changes in serum AMH levels in PCOS patients ovulating under metformin, such as in those remaining anovulatory ... (DHEAS), and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)], and metabolic evaluation, including evaluation of fasting glucose and insulin levels Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model ... hyperinsulinemia was referred in PCOS women [13,14] Furthermore, it is unclear if the PCOS-related hyperinsulinemic state could induce the development of antral follicles by increasing the sensitivity...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... Glucose-to-insulin ratio rather than sex hormone-binding globulin and adiponectin levels is the best predictor of insulin resistance in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol ... at study entry These differences were maintained later throughout pregnancy Interesting data rose from the study of the dynamic of the androgens and insulin-resistance indexes In agreement with ... trimester insulin resistance and subsequent pre-eclampsia In fact, insulin resistance, in concert with other contributing factors, including hyperandrogenism [27], inflammation [28] and increased...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... confirming that there is endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS in comparison with normal subjects The pathophysiological mechanism of inducing endothelial dysfunction remains unclear, but insulin ... Sahin T, Duman C: Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation Journal of Clinical Endocrinology ... endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:5088-5095 Paradisi G, Steinberg HO, Hempfling A, Cronin J, Hook G, Shepard MK, Baron AD: Polycystic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... However, the exact role that nNOS plays in the ovary remains to be determined The findings, together with previous research, indicate that the expression of NOS is in part dependent on the stage ... in pigs In the present study, the observed patterns of eNOS immunostaining in the ovary were largely consistent with those of previous reports [11,12] Although the expression of iNOS in porcine ... neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the ovaries of pigs The intensity of staining is indicated by (-), where staining was absent, up...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... to the first assessment and diagnosis In no case medication was interrupted in order to include the patient in the study Be physically healthy with normal clinical and laboratory findings, including ... was kept in the current study However some deviations from these conditions were inevitable These included the use of instead of electrodes, the recording every for 12 minutes duration instead ... movents every minutes, for 12 minutes in dark and subsequently 12 minutes in light The resulting recording is shown in figure 1(a) There is no difference of the recorded EOG curves between the two eyes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... time the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in these patients may best be made based on the free cortisol level or the total cortisol level stratified by serum albumin (Table 1) [14,15] Because these ... criteria alone Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests References 10 11 12 13 14 15 Salgado DR, Verdeal JC, Rocco JR: Adrenal function testing in patients with ... lowdose methylprednisolone or placebo In both of these studies patient outcome was improved in the steroid-treated group, independent of adrenal function testing Five randomized, placebo-controlled...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... vasopressor during the study period (adrenaline [epinephrine; n = 6] 0.04 to 0.27 μg/kg per min; noradrenaline [norepinephrine; n = 2] 0.04 and 0.19 μg/kg per min) The reason for admission to the ICU ... measured in ambulatory patients Pulsed wave Doppler velocity profile of pulmonary vein flow was obtained in the right upper pulmonary vein using TTE or in the left upper pulmonary vein using TEE ... aligned in the direction of the inflow jet Propagation velocity of LV inflow at early diastole (Vp) was measured as the slope of the first aliasing velocity during early filling, from the mitral...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... clinician Increasing abnormality associated with increasing risk of adverse outcome These shortcomings notwithstanding, however, the authors are to be complimented on their continuing efforts ... frustratingly elusive, but intuitively important element of the MODS In an earlier publication, they found that the development of gastrointestinal failure reflected in a diverse group of gastrointestinal ... gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation Crit Care Med 1999, 27:2812-2817 Marshall JC: Clinical markers of gastrointestinal dysfunction In Gut Dysfunction in Critical Illness...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... France) administered intravenously) was performed on the first morning in the intensive care unit (ICU) and seven days after the bleeding On the second and sixth days in the ICU, 24-hour urinary cortisol ... advantage in the clinical setting One of the major stress responses to trauma is the activation of the HPA axis to increase cortisol production SAH may disturb the function of the HPA axis by brain ... exhausted adrenal gland rather than real adrenal insufficiency This test may not be reliable for detecting adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients, and confounding factors influence the method...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... Medicine Network (2007) Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome The new England Journal of Medicine, Vol 356, No 6,pp.551–566 12 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ... per cycle in women ovulating on CC (8) In a large randomized trial, Legro et al., 2007 (12) compared the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome effects of CC, metformin and combination therapy in 626 infertile ... insulin sensitizer used for ovulation induction in women with PCOS In these women, it appears to affect ovarian function in a dual mode, through the alleviation of insulin excess acting upon the ovary...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... Medicine Network (2007) Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome The new England Journal of Medicine, Vol 356, No 6,pp.551–566 12 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ... per cycle in women ovulating on CC (8) In a large randomized trial, Legro et al., 2007 (12) compared the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome effects of CC, metformin and combination therapy in 626 infertile ... insulin sensitizer used for ovulation induction in women with PCOS In these women, it appears to affect ovarian function in a dual mode, through the alleviation of insulin excess acting upon the ovary...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 11:20

... brachial SBP minutes after standing minus the supine brachial SBP Supine to standing 30/15 ratio The supine to standing 30/15 ratio is the ratio of the longest RR interval near to the 30th beat ... standing to the shortest RR interval near to the 15th beat after standing Isometric grip ΔMBP The isometric grip ΔMBP is the MBP (Finapres™; Ohmeda) at the end of the 3-minute grip period minus the ... Breathing E/I ratio The breathing E/I ratio is the mean of the longest RR intervals during each expiration divided by the mean of the shortest RR intervals during each inspiration [17] The geometric...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... gonadotropin-independent stages The underlying molecular basis of this fundamental ovarian abnormality remains to be determined Key Words: Polycystic ovary syndrome; anovulation; luteinizing hormone; insulin; ... retain apparently normal steroidogenesis in response to insulin in the face of peripheral insulin resistance? Data from studies in cultured granulosa-lutein cells may provide the answer There ... 107 Variations in the Expression of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotype Enrico Carmina 123 Acquired Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Epilepsy, Bipolar Disorder, and the Role of Anti-Epileptic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... Heterogeneity of the polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical, endocrine and ultrasound features in 556 patients Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 30, 459–70 14 Franks, S (1989) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a changing perspective ... protein expression is reduced during the initial stages of follicle development in human polycystic ovaries J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90, 5536–43 2 Accounting for the Follicle Population in the Polycystic ... follicles within the periphery of the ovary, giving it a polycystic morphology Ovarian hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance, and altered intraovarian paracrine signaling can disrupt...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... following: either 12 or more follicles measuring 2–9 mm in diameter in the whole ovary and/or increased ovarian volume (>10 cm3 ) What Is the Appropriate Imaging of the Polycystic Ovary 27 The ... 1997;57:1211–1216 94 Welt CK, Taylor AE, Martin KA, Hall JE Serum inhibin B in polycystic ovary syndrome: regulation by insulin and luteinizing hormone J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:5559–5565 95 Norman ... Accounting for the Follicle Population in the Polycystic Ovary 23 73 Jakimiuk AJ, Weitsman SR, Magoffin DA 5a-Reductase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20