... general, in-line pumps are used in small systems or secondary
systems, such as freeze prevention loops. Base-mounted pumps are
Design Procedures: Part 4
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library ... ASHRAE Handbook, 2000 HVACSystems and Applications, Chap. 14, ‘‘Medium- and
High-Temperature Water-Heating Systems. ’’
6. Ingersoll-Rand, Cameron Hydraulic Data, Woodcliff Lake, N.J., 1988.
Design ... the Terms of Use as given at the website.
Design Procedures: Part 4 189
3. ASME, Power Piping Code, ANSI / ASME B31.1-1995.
4. ASHRAE Handbook, 2000 HVACSystems and Applications, Chap. 11, ‘‘District...
... website.
223
Chapter
8
Design Procedures: Part 6
Automatic Controls
8.1 Introduction
HVAC systems are sized to satisfy a set of design conditions, which
are selected to generate a maximum load. Because these design ... properly designed, operated,
and maintained automatic control system is accurate and will provide
economical operation of the HVAC system. Unfortunately, not all con-
trol systems are properly designed, ... criteria have been satisfied can a
suitable control system be implemented.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright...
... another
discussion. The HVACsystems designer will recognize plants as po-
tential areas of specialty experience as assignments and interest allow.
References
1. ASHRAE Handbook, 2000 HVACSystems and Equipment, ... ‘‘Medium and High Temperature
Water Heating Systems. ’’
2. ASHRAE Handbook, 1999 HVAC Applications, Chap. 33, ‘‘Thermal Storage.’’
Design Procedures: Part 5
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library ... Systems and Equipment, Chap. 7, ‘‘Cogeneration
Systems ’; Chap. 8, ‘‘Applied Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Systems ’; Chap. 10,
Design Procedures: Part 5
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library...
... aircraft
where light weight and simplicity are important. Thermoelectric re-
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... detailed and helpful informa-
tion to assist designers. However, designers must take care to ensure
that they, and not the manufacturer, control the final system design.
References
1. F. Beseler, ‘‘Scroll ... Air Conditioning Engineers,
Inc., www.ashrae.org. Reprinted
by permission from ASHRAE
Handbook, 2000 HVAC Systems
and Equipment, Chap. 34, Fig.
4.)
Sizes range up to as high as 200 tons or more...
... ASHRAE Handbook, 2000 HVACSystems and Equipment, Chap. 6, ‘‘Panel Heating
and Cooling.’’
6. ASHRAE Handbook, 1999 HVAC Applications, Chap. 32, ‘‘Solar Energy Use.’’
Equipment: Part 2
Downloaded ... other source, such as a process, an incinerator, or re-
frigeration equipment
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... 10.15
Control of steam coil to prevent freezing.
low freezing, the steam condensate or water in the preheating coil may
freeze instantly if proper precautions are not taken. Freezing usually
results in...
... Btu/h ϫϫ ϫϫ
3
5555 ft 0.075 lb 60 min 1059 Btu
a
ϭ 0.0011 lb /lb (11.2)
wa
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... collection hoods and exhaust systems. Laboratory
and industrial fume hoods require large exhaust air quantities. Sev-
eral standards cover the design of some types of exhaust systems.
1,2
11.11 Smoke ... environmental air-handling systems for primary or supple-
mentary smoke control is neither simple nor economical. There is a
lack of good data on the design of adequate smoke control systems,
and code...
... the primary service is interrupted.
UPS systems are of interest and concern to the HVACsystems de-
signer in two ways:
Electrical Features of HVAC Systems
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library ... of remote origin. The
HVAC designer must work closely with the electrical designer to sat-
isfy the needs of both disciplines.
12.13 Summary
In building construction, HVACdesign is interwoven ... website.
397
Chapter
12
Electrical Features
of HVAC Systems
12.1 Introduction
While most HVAC designers will have the support of a competent elec-
trical design staff, it is important to understand...
... being of
paramount importance to the relationship between owner and con-
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... Institute, MasterFormat.
4. ASHRAE Handbook, 2000 HVACSystems and Equipment, Chap. 48, ‘‘Codes and
Standards.’’
Design Documentation: Drawings and Specifications
Downloaded from Digital Engineering ... product, which is the design. Early in the development of
computer-aided design (CAD) techniques, it was felt that computer-
Design Documentation: Drawings and Specifications
Downloaded from Digital...
... construction, relieving the design office of any possible in-
volvement, except to clarify a conflict in documents or a design error.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering ... building and its systems.
14.3.3 Observation of operation
Many specifications require the HVAC contractor to certify in writing
that the HVACsystems and controls are operating as designed and
specified. ... project designer.
14.2 Participation during Construction
Designer participation during construction and beyond varies greatly
with design office practice and with the owner’s desires. Some design
offices...
... the final report will re-
late strongly to the clarity of this definition.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... of Use as given at the website.
439
Chapter
15
Technical Report Writing
15.1 Introduction
An HVAC designer is almost certain to be faced with the need to write
reports. The ability to produce ... available, ranging from three-ring
looseleaf styles to mechanical clip systems to standard bound-book
Technical Report Writing
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright...
... catsup are nonnewtonian fluids.
Density
: Mass per unit volume, lbm/ft
3
.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... nearly every aspect of HVAC sys-
tems design. Pumps, fans, coils, heat exchangers, refrigeration sys-
tems, process systems, boilers, deaerators, water softeners and treat-
ment systems, water supply ... piping and duct systems.
It requires attention to differences in elevation for pumping of ‘‘open’’
systems and teaches us to recognize static-pressure concerns in both
closed and open systems.
Static...
... top of a hill has potential
energy with respect to the bottom of the hill.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... knowledge
helps an HVAC designer to identify reality among the often overstated
claims of overenthusiastic inventors and salespeople. The mathemat-
ical relationships of thermodynamics allow the designer ... energy input becomes a benefit.
Q ϩ Q
evap in
COP ϭϭCOP ϩ 1
heat cool
Q
in
In heat pump systems, the system designer should again try to work
with the smallest possible thermal lift to get maximum...
... used, or for absolute temperatures the Rankine (ЊR) scale:
ЊR ϭ ЊF ϩ 460Њ.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... is useful in determin-
ing the location where moisture condensation or freezing will take
Engineering Fundamentals: Part 3
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,
www.ashrae.org. Reprinted by permission from ASHRAE Handbook, 1999 HVAC Ap-
plications, Chap. 32, Fig. 3.)
A
1
ϭ face area of smaller surface, ft
2
T
1
, T
2
ϭ...
... can
hold at a specified temperature and pressure. The properties of moist
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... very brief. The subject is
very important to the HVAC designer, and further study of Ref. 1 and
other sources is recommended. Every set of HVACdesign calculations
should include one or more psychrometric ... wet-bulb temperatures and rela-
tive humidity or dew point temperature.
19.5 HVAC Processes on the
Psychrometric Chart
Any HVAC process may be plotted on the chart if the end state points
are known...
... from ASHRAE Hand-
book, 1987 HVACSystems and Applications; subsequent edi-
tions are similar, i.e., 2001 Fundamentals, Chap. 7, Table 11.
of the HVAC systems, the HVAC designer is not generally ... masking unwanted sound, is ran-
dom sound in the speech interference range.
Source: HVACSystemsDesign Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright ... ASHRAE Handbook, 2001 Fundamentals, Chap. 7, ‘‘Sound and Vibration.’’
2. ASHRAE Handbook, 1999 HVAC Applications, Chap. 46, ‘‘Sound and Vibration Con-
trol.’’
Engineering Fundamentals: Part 5
Downloaded...