history screen and navigator properties in action

... However, the points below are fairly typical Formulation of the problem: gaining a clear understanding of the aims of the investigation and planning the remaining stages Data collection: making measurements ... training procedure Many different forms of discriminant function have been considered in the literature, varying in complexity from the linear discriminant function (in which g is a linear combination ... form of the discriminant function to be linear and determine its parameters (see Chapter 5) A pattern classifier employing linear discriminant functions is termed a linear machine (Nilsson, 1965),...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 17:03

... exactly the same as in (17), and generalized water filling is avoided 1261 4.2 Switching between beamforming and STBC The water-filling scheme in Section 3.2 changes from beamforming to full diversity ... He is currently working toward the Ph.D degree in electrical engineering at the University of Toronto His research interests include space-time coding and space-time processing REFERENCES Raviraj ... M Skoglund, and B Ottersten, “Combining beamforming and orthogonal space-time block coding,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol 48, no 3, pp 611– 627, 2002 [7] S A Jafar and A Goldsmith,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND muscle Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND instability Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND instability Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND "motor control" Diagnosis AND "neck pain" ... back pain" AND McKenzie Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND McKenzie Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND neurodynamics Diagnosis AND "neck pain" AND neurodynamics Diagnosis AND "low back pain" AND radiculopathy ... dermatomal distribution of pain, increase in pain on coughing, sneezing, or straining, paroxysmal pain, and predominant leg pain were predictive Using MRI as a "Gold Standard" may be questionable...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... Advanced Dynamic Programming in Semiring and Hypergraph Frameworks In COLING, Manchester, UK S Kumar and W Byrne 2004 Minimum BayesRisk Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation In HLT-NAACL, Boston, ... the y-intercept y, and the (partial) derivation tree D At the beginning, the leftmost line segment of each envelope is inserted into a priority queue pq The priority is defined in terms of a line’s ... with the symbol ∨ and (2) replacing each hyperedge e ∈ E, |e| > 1, with a small subgraph consisting of a new vertex v∧ (e) whose incoming and outgoing edges connect the same head and tail nodes...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... Barcelona, Spain, June F J Och and H Ney 2002 Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine translation In Proc 40th Annual Meeting of the Assoc for Computational Linguistics ... task and 1.1% for the GALE Chinese-English task Note, that MBR decoding is never worse than MAP decoding, and is therefore promising for SMT It is easy to integrate and can improve even well-trained ... ministry in a statement to carry out the death sentence today in the area of medina (west) in saudi citizen found guilty of killing one of its citizens the saudi interior ministry announced in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 03:20

... En by composing with Ψn in the log semiring, projecting on the output, removing ǫ-arcs, determinizing, minimising, and pushing weights to the initial state (Allauzen et al., 2010) Using either ... n is called En and is found by composing E ◦ Φn , projecting on the output, removing ǫ-arcs, determinizing, and minimising The construction of En is fast even for large lattices and is memory ... expected gain in Equation (5) For example, in counting paths that contain u1 , ΨL ren tains the first occurrence of u1 and maps every other symbol to ǫ This ensures that in any path containing a given...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... A Sarkar, and F.J Och 2004 Discriminative reranking for machine translation In HLT-NAACL D Smith and J Eisner 2006 Minimum risk annealing for training log-linear models In Proc of COLING/ACL Companion ... Och 2003 Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation In ACL R E Schapire and Y Singer 1999 Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions Machine Learning, 37(3) ... Zollmann, and A Waibel 2005 Training and evaluating error minimization rules for SMT In ACL Workshop on Building/Using Parallel Texts J Xu and H Li 2007 AdaRank: A boosting algorithm for information...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... highway cowboys" contains five distinct diphthongs There are types of diphthongs: closing and centering diphthongs Closing diphthongs: Three ending in ‘ɪ’: eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ Two ending in ‘ʊ’: əʊ, aʊ Example: ... next chapter will present the findings and discussion of the study 18 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This chapter will introduces the readers all the findings and discussion of the survey questionnaires, ... illustrated in the table 4, according to the collected results, listening to English songs and doing exercises of pronouncing ending sounds seemed to be the most used in their classes ( 65% and 57% in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 20:37

... before and after an error-block in the Error-String, am found in the SimilarString, take out the string (denoted C) between A and B in For detecting errors in Japanese sentences, the method using ... lacking in the meaning of the actual utterance, and with perfect expression (B) No lacking in meaning, but with slightly awkward expression (C) Slightly lacking in meaning (D) Considerably lacking ... string (Error-String) that comprises an error-block and each M (5 in the experiment) character before and after the error-block out of the input string, and using this string (Error-String) as a query...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... hospitals in 1992 and determined whether an adverse event occurred and, if so, whether it was due to negligence In cases involving adverse events, two study investigators (internal medicine physicians) ... cases involving fatal injuries Pain and suffering Working from a dataset of 889 malpractice claims closed with payment between 1984 and 2004 (median year 1992; both settlements and verdicts included), ... hospitals in Utah and 13 in Colorado (Table 1) Six were located in rural areas and the other 18 in urban areas Two were major teaching hospitals, seven were minor teaching hospitals, and 15 were...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... can include: blood in the urine; ■ the need to urinate frequently, especially at night; ■ weak or interrupted urine flow; ■ pain or burning feeling while urinating; ■ the inability to urinate; ... off and not take the screening tests until medical experts agree that finding prostate cancer through screening, and treating it in its early stages, reduces the chance of dying from it Screening ... health and treating them could cause temporary or long-lasting side effects like impotence (inability to keep an erection) and incontinence (inability to control the urine flow, resulting in leakage...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... Markus Dickinson and Detmar Meurers 2003b Detecting inconsistencies in treebanks In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT 2003), Sweden Treebanks and Linguistic ... Linguistics (Coling 2010), pages 394–402, Beijing, China, August Coling 2010 Organizing Committee A.K Joshi and Y Schabes 1997 Tree-adjoining grammars In G Rozenberg and A Salomaa, editors, Handbook ... type” This grouping results in the 4,272 non-duplicate nuclei found being grouped into 1,911 inconsistency types 4.4 Precision and Recall The grouping of internal checking results by inconsistency...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... and then using the original as a fully objective standard for automatic evaluation By contrast, in traditional word-sense disambiguation, hand-labeling training and test data is a laborious and ... transmissions), and may be routinely omitted by Spanish and French typists in informal computer correspondence Missing accents may create both semantic and syntactic ambiguities, including tense or ... terminara reunion que terminara acuerdo que terminara que terminara WEEKDAY (within ± k words) domingo (within ± k words) viernes (within ± k words) For the French experiments, no additional linguistic...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... Human-centric Computing and Interface Technologies We would also like to thank Professor Mari Ostendorf for suggesting the use of continuing chains and Mr Kelvin Chan for providing information about ... candidate boundaries (same window size for both chain starts and ends) in our work Chain features falling outside the window are excluded from the model Figure shows the distribution when a window ... F1-measure comparing the segmentation results using different statistical models of lexical chain features We further compare the performance of various scoring methods including single and combined lexical...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... target errors since they are based on the articles and the distinction between singular and plural Finally, the tagged instances are stored in a file with their surrounding words Each line of it consists ... the tagging rules can be used only for generating training data They cannot be used to distinguish mass and count nouns in the writing of learners of English for the purpose of detecting The ... be obtained from the training data All we need to is to collect words in from the training data Here, the words in Table are excluded Also, function words (except prepositions), cardinal and quasi-cardinal...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... dependency parsc ing using spanning tree algorithms In Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP Franz Josef Och 2003 Minimum error rate training for statistical machine translation In Proceedings of ACL03 ... the Penn Treebank, initializing all weights to random numbers between zero and one This initialization makes all phrases head-initial to begin with, and has the effect of imposing a directional ... sections and as the training data, and all of section as the test data We find relatively little difference in dependency length as we vary training data between written and spoken English, as shown in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... words occurring in the development and test corpora given in Table We observe that if we choose a certain error criterion in training, we obtain in most cases the best results using the same ... The use of log-linear models for statistical machine translation was suggested by Papineni et al (1997) and Och and Ney (2002) The use of minimum classification error training and using a smoothed ... Philadelphia, PA Kishore A Papineni 1999 Discriminative training via linear programming In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech & Signal Processing, Atlanta, March...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... use folds from fp1 as training data, and fold from adj as testing data and does one traintest cycle We rotate the folds (both training and testing) and repeat times The final results are averaged ... with Integrated Information Using Kern el Methods In Proceedings of ACL-2005 Guodong Zhou, Jian Su, Jie Zhang and Min Zhang 2005 Exploring various knowledge in relation extraction In Proceedings ... of COLING-ACL-2006 Zhu Zhang 2005 Mining Inter-Entity Semantic Relations Using Improved Transductive Learning In Proceedings of ICJNLP-2005 Shubin Zhao and Ralph Grishman, 2005 Extracting Relations...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... solution For thousands and thousands of people, tweaking, adding, removing, and devising new and ingenious ways to enhance their online stores is not so much a chore as an engaging, fun, and above all, ... for display in the original box Still in catalog/includes/boxes/categories.php, find the following code in line 61: new infoBoxHeading($info_box_contents, true, false); $categories_string = ''; ... Presentation Ingredients Cooking Add a Pop-Up Page from an Infobox Link Presentation Ingredients Cooking 10 Add Images to Infoboxes Presentation Ingredients Cooking Variation #1 Ingredients Cooking Variation...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 00:43

... (perception), to digest it (i.e., learning, decision making, and predicting tools) and to act in the best possible way by considering several constraints and the available information The reconfiguration ... Within the basic cognitive cycle, we focus in this section on the analysis step, and more specifically on learning and decision making We mainly find, in the literature two approaches On the one hand, ... chains or multi-armed Bandit (MAB) (and machine learning in general) [44–50], to name a few, and relying on the concept of CR, the community tackled several challenges encountered when dealing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20