high temperature electrolysis of steam

... Preparation of nano-size ZrB2 powder by selfpropagating high- temperature synthesis J Eur Ceram Soc 2009, 29:1501-1506 15 Nersisyan HH, Lee JH, Won CW: Self-propagating high- temperature synthesis of nano-sized ... combustion temperatures are quite low As another consequence of the high C concentration, the stoichiometry of these primitively formed TiCx particles in the Fe melt is relatively high Then, ... by Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University Author details Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... Total Combination of Structural Peculiarities of High- temperature Deformation 40 Summary 41 Physical Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures Physical Model and Theory 43 Velocity of Dislocations ... Variation of the Subgrain Size 71 System of Differential Equations 71 Results of Simulation 71 Density of Dislocations during Stationary Creep 77 Summary 80 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys ... structural peculiarities of the metals, which have been deformed at high- temperatures, are formulated In the fourth chapter the physical mechanisms of the high- temperature deformation of pure metals and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... investigation and detailed proofs of correctness of physical models An in situ investigation of metals is necessary in order to address the problem of the physics of the high- temperature deformation ... intersection of a node of the reciprocal lattice and the Evald sphere (c) Directions of erosion of the reciprocal lattice node due to the divergence of the initial beam χ and to the finite size, l, of ... planes of the dislocations The dislocation density, N , in the specimens was measured after the interrupted high- temperature tests by means of the intercept method The number of intersections of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... is of great importance for our understanding of the physical mechanism of high- temperature deformation Fig 3.16 Histograms of the distribution of distances between jogs in screw components of ... situ at least to crystallites of or specimens of each material under each set of external conditions (temperature and stress) The substructure formation during high- temperature strain in vanadium ... observed very often in the structure of the high- temperature tested metals Dark-field analysis makes it possible to determine the sign and the type of loops The loops have been found to be of the vacancy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures Now we can calculate the rate of the steady-state high- temperature deformation ε Three groups of physical parameters are needed: ˙ • • • External parameters: temperature ... influence of the tungsten additions (by three or four orders of magnitude at 850–1050K) 4.6 Formation of Jogs Fig 4.10 Comparison of the temperature dependence of the creep rates ε under stress of ... Physical Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures where ρm is the rate of the density increase due to the dislocation multipli˙d cation, ρm is the rate of the density change on account of the sub-boundary...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 4.7 Significance of the Stacking Faults Energy 4.7 Significance of the Stacking Faults Energy The processes of high- temperature strain are dependent upon the nature of a metal, especially, ... theory of the rates of reactions [25] the dislocation can be regarded as a linear crystal with D/b degrees of freedom The number of thermal activations per unit of time 4.8 Stability of Dislocation ... The area of temperature and stress where the proposed mechanism of hightemperature deformation takes place, is shown in normalized coordinates in Fig 4.18 Construction diagrams (maps) of this...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... value of λ and increased value of D lead to the strain rate decreasing when the applied stress is relatively low 81 83 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys 6.1 γ Phase in Superalloys The high- temperature ... One of the most important requirements is resistance to high- temperature deformation This has created a need for alloys that can withstand higher stresses and temperatures for the hot zones of ... phase High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys, Valim Levitin (Author) Copyright c 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-313389-9 84 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... process of the γ structure occurs because of development of diffusion coarsening Now the incoherent irregular rafted 91 92 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys Fig 6.11 Electron micrographs of ... used the results of measurements of the particle sizes and the data of the strain rate tests 99 100 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys Finally, the minimum strain rate of a superalloy ... activation energy of an elementary event of the high- temperature strain (creep) is denoted differently by different authors, as Q, Qc , ∆Qapp , ∆U 101 102 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 104 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys An energetically efficient mechanism of an elementary diffusion event in the γ phase consists of a certain cycle of a vacancy shift The nodes of ... hardening phase the higher the creep strength of a superalloy Methods of prediction of the properties of new superalloys are being developed on the basis of integrated databases of superalloy composition ... strengthening phases of superalloys with the rate of the steady-state creep ε of the same ˙ alloys The superalloy EI437B with u2 = 460 pm2 at 1023K has the least A high- temperature strength of the three...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Single Crystals of Superalloys 7.3 Deformation of Single-crystal Superalloys at Higher Temperatures and Lower Stress Increase in temperature up to 1223K results in a change in the shape of the curves ... rupture life of single crystals is found with a γ fraction as high as 60 to 75% 7.5 Rafting At temperatures above 1273K the γ morphology becomes unstable Under the combined influence of high temperature ... at Lower Temperatures Fig 7.7 The orientation of the CMSX-4 superalloy specimens within the stereographic triangle The effect of misorientation on the behavior of specimens at lower temperatures...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... The minimum strain rate of niobium and molybdenum is dependent exponentially on the applied stress at high temperatures The mean value of the activation energy of the high- temperature strain for ... energy of high- temperature strain for molybdenum Fig 8.8 The strain rate map for molybdenum with a grain size of 100µm Reprinted from Ref [26] 8.2 Alloys of Refractory Metals Fig 8.9 The effect of ... carbide possesses the highest melting point Tungsten–rhenium–hafnium carbide alloys seem to be promising for operation at high temperatures Fig 8.11 Effect of annealing temperature on applied...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... equations of strain rate 95–100, 137–140 – physical mechanism of strain 96–98 – prediction of properties 106–108 – trends of development 129 v vacancies – energies of formation 46, 52 – energy of diffusion ... years of her participation in numerous experiments I am grateful to Dr V.I Babenko for his participation in the development of equipment for in situ X-ray studies High Temperature Strain of Metals ... 96, 116–120, 124, 125 – at higher temperatures 124 – at lower temperatures 116 – dislocation splitting 112, 120–122, 129 – equations 99, 100 – influence of orientation, temperature and stress 111–120...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Time evolution of the radius of gyration (nm) of the unfolding process, at least in respect of CI2 and the homeodomain of engrailed [7] It is also much higher than the melting temperature determined ... Moreover, a few folding simulations of have been carried out using implicit solvation models [4-6] In this article, the results of a high- temperature unfolding simulation of the Trp-cage mini-construct ... significant jump in the radius of gyration The distribution of the radius of gyration was determined for each of the three states and for the entire time-evolving system For each of the three ensembles...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:22

... fraction of wet steam determined in accordance with BS 3812 Latent heat of steam at pressure of steam discharged from the boiler (taken from steam tables) Duration of test Ambient temperature t3 Temperature ... Firing rate High Mean gauge pressure of steam in boiler Mean temperature of steam or flow water Mean temperature of feed or return water Moisture content of fuel, mH2 o Carbon content of ashes and ... Temperature of gases leaving boiler °C t4 Temperature of water leaving boiler °C t5 Temperature of water entering boiler °C ta Temperature of air entering combustion system °C tf Temperature of liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2014, 23:11

... Rate of the ith reaction in the emulsion gas (kg mÀ3 sÀ1) Rate of the ith reaction in the solids (kg mÀ3 sÀ1) Time (s) Emulsion gas temperature (K) Emitter plate temperature (K) Solids temperature ... influence of heating dynamics in the system Fig shows the emitter plate temperatures with time for the heating dynamics, these temperatures dynamics were taken from [3] for the cases of high carbon ... the energy source is at the top of the reactor This could be explained since the point of view of the temperature gradient theory, which states that a bigger temperature in the first contact...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 15:39

... i temperature of gas phase and tracked particle (K) mean temperature (K) reference temperature (K) gas phase velocity components (m sÀ1) fluctuating velocity of gas phase (m sÀ1) velocity of ... oxidation reaction are favorable at higher temperature, which improves the production of H2 and weakens the production of CH4 [20,46] However, in the range of 700–900 °C, water gas shift reaction ... Jensen AD High- temperature entrained flow gasification of biomass Fuel 2012;93:589–600 [11] Zhou J, Chen Q, Zhao H, Cao X, Mei Q, Luo Z, et al Biomass–oxygen gasification in a high- temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:29

... event at the temperature below )10 °C Reversibility of low temperature inactivation of CPY under high pressure Time-dependent recovery of CPY activity was observed after the release of pressure ... analysis of the secondary structure according to the method of Yang et al [21] an approximately 50% loss of the helical structure was estimated Combined effects of low temperature and high pressure ... activity of CPY treated under high pressure at subzero temperature Enzymic activities of CPY were measured after the treatment with 400 MPa pressure at )10 °C for 30 in the presence of M of chloride...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... this study, the detailed investigations of the peculiarities of the formation of the arrays of gold islands in the course of high temperature anneals of Si wafers with Klimovskaya et al Nanoscale ... subsequently, the process of the formation of catalytically active nanoislands for the growth of Si wire-like crystals Fast anneals at high temperatures of the structures of Si substrates with gold ... threshold temperature of about 800°C Besides, a nonlinear increase in the oxygen contents in the subsurface layers was observed with the increase of RTA temperature (by a factor of for the temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Effect of tempering time and drying temperature on breaking force (mechanical strength) of rice kernels Colour of milled rice The color of the milled rice was measured expecting that the high temperature ... compact dryer The high temperature fluidized bed drying of high moisture paddy can be feasible But many factors should be considered such as variability of moisture of the paddy, effect of impurities, ... of cracks on rice kernels observed in this study Mechanical strength of rice: With reference to the low temperature drying at 35oC, the mechanical strength of the rice kernels was higher at high...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... the bottom of the channel surface Table compares the off-state drain leakage portion of the two methods at different temperatures As shown in Table 1, in the case of method (1), the off-state ... two orders of magnitude smaller than that in method (1) at elevated temperatures of 125 and 150°C 30 Off (VG=0) T~25 ο C 10 Temperature (oC) 30 (c) Table Measured data shown as portion of leakage ... the purpose of keeping the operation of the device constant for temperatures in the range from 25 to 150°C An approximately constant level on-state was maintained in spite of the temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20