high temperature bromination iv bromination of benzonorbornadiene and benzobarrelene

... activity of At1g55530 was confirmed by immunoblot analysis The assay was carried out using purified recombinant AtUBC8 and At1g55530, and mobility shift of FLAGtagged At1g55530 and polymer of ... contributions HT conceived the study and performed the experiments, and contributed to writing the manuscript MS and KS provided RAFL cDNA clones AN conceived the study YE conceived the study and supervised ... number of genes encoding E3 ligases in all eukaryotes, and the diversity of E3s is thought to contribute to the substrate specificity of numerous target proteins E3 ligases are structurally divided...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... design and implement tasks, and student engagement in tasks and learning outcomes, an important relationship given the tandem nature of teaching and learning Given the meaning-focussed nature of ... performative demands on learners’ cognitive resources and thus robs attention from the linguistic demands of the task While these increased performative demands reflect real life performance (and ... Phase Chapter and Chapter report and discuss its findings with respect to the effects of tasks and proficiency on the occurrence of LREs, and LRE resolutions in task rehearsal and uptake in task...

Ngày tải lên: 03/03/2015, 09:58

... carried out in temperatures between 600  C and 800  C, the most important reactions are R1 and R2 because R3 needs high pressures and R4 needs high temperatures [12] The char reactivity factor ... gasifier, and proposed to vary the CFR in different ways (constant, linear and exponential) They found that the linear and exponential variation gave the best predictions of the temperature and concentrations ... packed and the fluidized beds, when the energy source is at the top of the reactor This could be explained since the point of view of the temperature gradient theory, which states that a bigger temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 15:39

... CO, H2, CO2 and CH4, respectively The relative errors of H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 reported by He et al [47] were in the ranges of 10–40%, 20–35%, 15–20% and 32–65%, respectively The relative errors ... yields of CO, CH4 and C2H4 decrease Endothermic char reaction and methane oxidation reaction are favorable at higher temperature, which improves the production of H2 and weakens the production of ... phenomena The temperature and species mass fraction contours of a basic case inside the entrained flow gasifier when the gasification temperature and equivalence ratio are respectively 800 °C and 0.28...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:29

... Effect of tempering time on HRY at drying temperature of 800C and 900C for 2.5 and 3.0 Reference HRYs of A10 and OM2717 were 54.5% and 43.26%, respectively (triangular dot) 84 Table Main effects and ... factorial design, consisting of two levels of drying temperature (80 and 900C), two levels of drying time (2.5 and 3.0 min) and four levels of tempering time (0, 30, 40, and 60 min), was chosen in ... mechanical strength and quality changes of Vietnamese rice varieties The specific objectives of this study are: To study the feasibility of high temperature fluidized bed drying of high moisture content...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... others [1–5] studied the Raman and Infrared spectra of the superconductivity cuprate perovskites and reported the origin of phonon softening and the systematic vibrations of phonon frequencies with ... refers to total number of vibrational frequencies and R and IR stands for Raman and infrared activity of the sample As discussed earlier, a normal coordinate analysis of the zero wave vector ... appropriate amounts of SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO It was kept at 940oC in air for 16 hours and after which it was cooled, pulverized, Phonon Spectra of High Temperature Superconductor 56 pelletized and heated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... new high correlated colour temperature fluorescent lamps (ActiViva Active, Philips) These lamps contain an enhanced amount of short wavelength light with a resulting higher colour temperature of ... number of studies have investigated the effects of the colour temperature of lighting on mental activity, the central nervous system and alertness These studies have demonstrated that higher ... distribution of the high (17000 K) correlated colour temperature lamps Spectral1 Spectral power distribution of the high (17000 K) correlated colour temperature lamps The spectral power distributions of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures Physical Model and Theory 43 Velocity of Dislocations 45 Dislocation Density 49 Rate of the Steady-State Creep 51 43 High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys, ... Comparison of the activation energy of creep, Qc , and the activation energy of self-diffusion, Qsd , for pure metals The activation volume, ∆Vc is also shown Data of Nix and Ilshner [7] Thus, the activation ... Macroscopic Characteristics of Strain of Metallic Materials at High Temperatures The deformation of a metal specimen begins with the application of a load There are two kinds of high- temperature strain,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... plan demands first an efficient structural investigation and detailed proofs of correctness of physical models An in situ investigation of metals is necessary in order to address the problem of the ... Fig 2.2 Formation of the diffracted beam for the method of investigation: (a) the Evald sphere; s0 and s are unit vectors of the initial and of the diffracted beams, respectively; H is the reciprocal ... equatorial and meridianal planes, respectively (b) The reflection strip (shaded) at the intersection of a node of the reciprocal lattice and the Evald sphere (c) Directions of erosion of the reciprocal...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... is of great importance for our understanding of the physical mechanism of high- temperature deformation Fig 3.16 Histograms of the distribution of distances between jogs in screw components of ... systematic examination of the bright- and dark-field image pictures and diffraction patterns of a large number of specimens Most of the dislocations in specimens after hightemperature tests are ... crystallites of or specimens of each material under each set of external conditions (temperature and stress) The substructure formation during high- temperature strain in vanadium is shown in Figs 3.6 and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Mechanism and Structural Model of Strain at High Temperatures 4.1 Physical Model and Theory It follows from the obtained data that complex processes occur in the crystal lattice at high- temperature ... (4.2) High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys, Valim Levitin (Author) Copyright c 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 3-527-313389-9 44 Physical Mechanism of Strain at High Temperatures ... different in the volume and inside the dislocation “tube” Let us denote the coefficients of the diffusion of the vacancies by Dv and Dd , respectively In Figs.4.2 and 4.3 the energy of vacancy generation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... mechanism of Herring-Nabarro) at higher temperatures and relatively lower stresses It is necessary to emphasize that an adequate understanding of dislocation processes in these ranges of temperature and ... strongly affected by the temperature and the number of dislocations in the slip plane Fig 4.17 The number of thermal activations per unit time as a function of stress and temperature Solid lines, ... of great practical importance Most heat-resistant metals, steels and alloys operate at temperatures between 0.40 and 0.75 Tm The area of temperature and stress where the proposed mechanism of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... value of δ is negative for current commercial superalloys The magnitude and sign of the misfit also influence the development of microstructure under the operating conditions of stress and high temperature ... One of the most important requirements is resistance to high- temperature deformation This has created a need for alloys that can withstand higher stresses and temperatures for the hot zones of ... influence of the D and λ parameters, we deformed specimens of nickel by 3% and 7% at room temperature and then annealed them at 873K As a result we obtained the various average subgrain sizes and misorientations...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... diagonal [10¯ atoms of 1] aluminum and nickel are altered Atoms of Ni that are denoted as and of Al that are denoted as are located in the first slip plane Atoms of Ni and of Al are located in ... The value of ∆U in Eq (6.8) is close to the activation energy of generation and migration of vacancies in the ordered phase The sum of these values is known to be the energy activation of diffusion ... used the results of measurements of the particle sizes and the data of the strain rate tests 99 100 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys Finally, the minimum strain rate of a superalloy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 104 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys An energetically efficient mechanism of an elementary diffusion event in the γ phase consists of a certain cycle of a vacancy shift The nodes of ... increase 107 108 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys Fig 6.21 Predicted and actual relation between creep rupture stress for IN939 superalloy and its rupture life, tr Temperature of tests 1143K ... is assumed to be of the order of 1012 m−2 109 110 High- temperature Deformation of Superalloys In a phase of type B3 A (Ni3 Al) Ti atoms occupy places in sublattice A Cr, Fe and Co atoms are...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... Single Crystals of Superalloys 7.3 Deformation of Single-crystal Superalloys at Higher Temperatures and Lower Stress Increase in temperature up to 1223K results in a change in the shape of the curves ... superalloys which must withstand high stresses at temperatures from 1273 to 1373K (GMSX-4, GMSX-10, TMS-138, Rene N6 and others) The reason for the positive influence of the Re and Ru additions has not ... physical mechanism of strain of the investigated superalloys There exists a competition between the Orowan mechanism of bowing of the dislocations between the γ particles and the cutting of particles...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... The minimum strain rate of niobium and molybdenum is dependent exponentially on the applied stress at high temperatures The mean value of the activation energy of the high- temperature strain for ... 0.3Hf The microstructure of extruded and recrystallized material consists of a solid solution and of particles of titanium carbide, TiC The particle sizes are between 200 and 500 nm Creep curves ... strength of alloys: P = T [15 + log t1% ]103 (8.1) where T is temperature of the tests, t1% is the time of 1% deformation of a specimen, 15 is an empirically determined value 149 150 Deformation of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... 116–120, 124, 125 – at higher temperatures 124 – at lower temperatures 116 – dislocation splitting 112, 120–122, 129 – equations 99, 100 – influence of orientation, temperature and stress 111–120 ... equations of strain rate 95–100, 137–140 – physical mechanism of strain 96–98 – prediction of properties 106–108 – trends of development 129 v vacancies – energies of formation 46, 52 – energy of diffusion ... for thermally activated unpinning of dislocations, J Appl Phys 1964, 35(9), 2732–2745 26 H.J Frost, M.F Ashby, Deformation-mechanism maps, the plasticity and creep of metals and ceramic, Dartmouth...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... centre of the cross section of the duct and at a minimum of four other representative points and then averaged NOTE If it is found that a single position gives readings representative of the ... Temperature of gases leaving boiler °C t4 Temperature of water leaving boiler °C t5 Temperature of water entering boiler °C ta Temperature of air entering combustion system °C tf Temperature of liquid ... rate High Mean gauge pressure of steam in boiler Mean temperature of steam or flow water Mean temperature of feed or return water Moisture content of fuel, mH2 o Carbon content of ashes and riddlings,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2014, 23:11

... particularly at high temperature reaction The advantage of Ni-based catalyst is high heat conductivity which is able to help control the heat of reaction and allowing a high thermal stability and activity ... surface of nanorods and nanocubes due to the availability of (110) and (100) exposed planes of nanorods and (100) plane respectively [84] The introduction a small amount of chemical (trivalent ... different structure of copper based catalyst has been widely developed; poor stability and activity of Cu-based catalyst due to metal sintering and deactivation at high reaction temperature were...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:22