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health effects from indoor air pollution

Tài liệu Respiratory health effects of indoor air pollution docx

Tài liệu Respiratory health effects of indoor air pollution docx

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... the main health effects Table 1 Sources and characteristics of varied indoor air pollutants and associated health effects 7Pollutant* Sources and characteristics Associated health effects Environmental ... relation to indoor cooking  res in developing coun-tries: a methodological comparison. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005; 208: 219–225. 21 World Health Organization. Indoor air pollution from solid ... in industrialized countries.9,10 INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Household use of solid fuels is the most widespread source of indoor air pollution worldwide; solid fuels are...
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Measuring the Health Benefits from Reducing Air Pollution in Kathmandu Valley pdf

Measuring the Health Benefits from Reducing Air Pollution in Kathmandu Valley pdf

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Tài liệu A REVIEW OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH PROBLEMS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE: FOCUSING ON THE STUDIES OF INDOOR AIR ENVIRONMENT IN JAPAN COMPARED TO THOSE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES pptx

Tài liệu A REVIEW OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH PROBLEMS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE: FOCUSING ON THE STUDIES OF INDOOR AIR ENVIRONMENT IN JAPAN COMPARED TO THOSE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES pptx

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... of multiple indoor air pollutants. It is used as a complementary indica-tor to decrease indoor pollution level in total andachieve healthy indoor air environment.109)The in-door air concentration ... of SHSwasproposed as health impairments caused by indoor air pollution, regard-less of the place, causati ve substance, or pathogen-esis.”15)The health effect of air pollution in schoolshas ... compounds (VOC)in indoor air. Indoor Environ., 10, 147–154 (inJapanese).71) Chikara, H., Iwamoto,S.andYoshimura,T.(2009) Indoor Air Pollution of volatile organiccompounds Indoor/ Outdoor concentration,...
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Tài liệu Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge doc

Tài liệu Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge doc

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... The national burden of disease from indoor air pollution in India. In: Raw G, Aizlewood C, Warren P, eds. Indoor Air 99, the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Qualityand Climate, August ... found1083Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78 (9) Indoor air pollution in developing countries Indoor air pollution in developing countries: amajor environmental and public health challengeNigel ... 181–186.131. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel.Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992 (unpublished document WHO/PEP/92–3).132. Reid H, Smith KR, Sherchand B. Indoor smoke exposuresfromtraditional...
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Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor: Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures pot

Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor: Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures pot

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... Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the PoorImplications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health ... and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the PoorImplications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures|9 42|Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health ... (formal or informal), indoor air pollution also contributes to outdoor air pollution. In Soweto, South Africa for example, indoor coal-burning has a profound impact on ambient air pollution, exacerbated...
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Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health potx

Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health potx

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... between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from Washington Consultation|23 2| The Health Burden of Indoor Air Pollution ExposureLevels of Smoke Pollution Studies from ... between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from Washington Consultation|7Tackling indoor air pollution: examples of key activities to dateã Biofuels, Air Pollution ... between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from Washington Consultation Addressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Health Report from...
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INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: AN INTRODUCTION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS pot

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: AN INTRODUCTION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS pot

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... the health professional and to thepatient.General Information on Indoor Air Pollution For the health professional:American Lung Association. Health Effects and Sources of Indoor Air Pollution, ... 1992.146(4): 823-824.Gold, D.R. Indoor Air Pollution . Clinics in Chest Medicine.June 1992. 13(2):215-229.Samet, J.M., Spengler,J.D., eds. Indoor Air Pollution — A Health Perspective. Johns Hopkins ... remove indoor air pollutants. While it is true that plants remove carbon diox-ide from the air, and the ability of plants to remove certainother pollutants from water is the basis for some pollution...
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INDOOR AIR POLLUTION - Children''''s Health and the Environment potx

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION - Children''''s Health and the Environment potx

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Impact of indoor air pollution on health, comfort and productivity of the occupants pot

Impact of indoor air pollution on health, comfort and productivity of the occupants pot

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Estimating the burden of disease attributable to indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels in South Africa in 2000 pdf

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels in South Africa in 2000 pdf

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Tài liệu INTERIOR LANDSCAPE PLANTS FOR INDOOR AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT ppt

Tài liệu INTERIOR LANDSCAPE PLANTS FOR INDOOR AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT ppt

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... Moscow.22 A PROMISING, ECONOMICAL SOLUTIONTO INDOOR AIR POLLUTION The first and most obvious step in reducing indoor air pollution is to reduce off-gassing from building materials and furnishings ... 23.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.NationalResearchCouncil,CommitteeonIndoorPollutants.1981.Indoorpollutants.Washington: National AcademyPress.Nero,A.V., Jr. 1988.Controllingindoorair pollution. Scientific American 258(5):42-48.Marklein, M.B. 1989. Taking a healthy ... and air pollutants, only indoor air is addressed here.In this study the leaves, roots, soil, and associated microorganisms of plants have beenevaluated as a possible means of reducing indoor air...
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Tài liệu Indoor Air Pollution: The Quiet Killer pptx

Tài liệu Indoor Air Pollution: The Quiet Killer pptx

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... polluted air. Yet in rural areas of developing countries, indoor air pollution can be much worse than atmospheric pollution levels in big cities. Indoor air pollution is a major public health prob-lem ... Bruce. 2000. In-door air pollution in developing countries and acute respiratoryinfections in children. Thorax 55: 518–532.vMishra, V. In press. Indoor air pollution from biomass com-bustion ... 107: 670–676.xiSmith, K.R. 2002. Indoor air pollution in developing countries:recommendations for research. Indoor Air 12: 1–7.See also National Family Health Survey Bulletins athttp://www2.eastwestcenter.org/pop/pop53001.htm...
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Indoor Air Pollution Associated with Household Fuel Use in India: An exposure assessment and modeling exercise in rural districts of Andhra Pradesh, India doc

Indoor Air Pollution Associated with Household Fuel Use in India: An exposure assessment and modeling exercise in rural districts of Andhra Pradesh, India doc

Điện - Điện tử

... Introduction Indoor air pollution is recognized as a significantsource of potential health risks to exposed popula-tions throughout the world. The major sources of indoor air pollution worldwide ... households.1.4 Health effects of exposure to biomasssmoke Supporting evidence for health effects associatedwith exposure to smoke from biomass combustionis provided by studies on outdoor air pollution, ... time. Thus, although air pollutant emissions are dominated by outdoorsources, human exposure to air pollutants is dominated by the indoor environment.7 12 Indoor Air Pollution Associated...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Nigel Bruce, Eva Rehfuess, Sumi Mehta, Guy Hutton, and Kirk Smith pptx

Indoor Air Pollution by Nigel Bruce, Eva Rehfuess, Sumi Mehta, Guy Hutton, and Kirk Smith pptx

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... (World Health Organization). 2002a. “Addressing the Linksbetween Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy, and Human Health: Based on the WHO-USAID Global Consultation on the Health Impactof Indoor ... Policy Makers: Indoor Air Pollution. ”Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/indoorair/policy/en/.———. 2004d. “The World Health Survey.” Geneva: WHO. http://www3.who.int/whs/.———. 2004e. From Theory ... and Young Children to Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries.” Paper prepared for USAID/WHOInternational Consultation on Household Energy, Indoor Air Pollution and Health, Washington, DC,...
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Combined household water treatment and indoor air  pollution projects in urban Mambanda, Cameroon and rural  Nyanza, Kenya  ppt

Combined household water treatment and indoor air  pollution projects in urban Mambanda, Cameroon and rural  Nyanza, Kenya  ppt

Điện - Điện tử

... analysisoffactorsfordemand/uptake.Assessingreasonsforpurchasing/notpurchasingoneormoreproducts.Thiscouldincludewillingness‐to‐pay,socioeconomicindicators,exposuretobehaviour‐changeactivities,technologicalbenefits, health benefits,etc.Exposureand health  measurementofhousehold air pollution andexposurewithstovesineverydayuse 14project,however,thesestovesappeartobewell‐likedandwell‐used,andarereportedtosavewood,reducesmokeandtheconsequentirritation,cough,headaches,etc.,aswellasthelevelofsootinthekitchen.Womenhavere‐organisedtheirkitchensinresponsetothis,bringingpotsandotherutensilsmuchclosertothestove.Thereasonsforthisinconsistencybetweenfieldexperience(reportedreductionsinsmokeandirritation)andtestfindings(forPM2.5)arenotclear,asreductionsinambientkitchenPM2.5ofsomewherearound40‐50%(atleast)mightbeexpectedgiventhereportedimprovementsinthekitchenenvironment.Theprojectteamusedanestablishedprotocolandequipmentformakingthemeasurements.Informationonthenumbersofstovesadoptedineachcommunity,andhencelevel(%)ofuptake,wasnotreportedacrossthestudyareaoravailabletous(althoughthesedatashouldbeavailabletotheproject).Itisthereforenotpossibletocommentonwhetheradoptionhasmetthetargetsetintheprojectobjectives.Whileeffectivenessofthestovesremainsopentoquestionandwillbefurtherassessedoncethenewmeasurementresultsareavailable,themodelofpromotionandsaleofacook‐stoveproductthatiswell‐likedandusedisanimportantachievementandofvalueforthefutureoftheproject.SynergiesTheapproachofcombiningthepromotionanddeliveryofHWTSandHHEproductsmetwithacrosstheboardpositiveresponses.Itappearsmorecost‐effectivethanifthesameproductswerepromotedthroughseparateprogrammes.Combineddeliverymayalsoachievehighercompliance,butthisdoesneedfurtheranalysis.Therewerenosubstantiveconcernswithanyofthecriteriaidentified from thebackgroundreviewpaper.Impacton health outcomesAnalysisoftheresultsoftheimpactsoftheinterventionsondiarrhoeaandpneumoniaincidenceisawaited.Itcanbeexpectedthatthereportedlevelofcompliancewithwatertreatmentwouldhavesomeimpactondiarrhoea,particularlywherethehigherlevelshavebeenreached.Ontheotherhand,theverymodestreductioninPM2.5levelsrecordedfortheUpesistovewouldnot(ifconfirmed)beexpectedtoleadtosubstantialreductionsinriskofpneumonia.SustainabilityandscalingupWithrespecttothetwolinkedissuesofsustainabilityandscaling‐uptheoutcomeoftheevaluationalsoispositive,althoughbothdependtosomedegreeatleastontheexistenceandmodusoperandiofSWAP.Thevendorsspokentosaidthattheywerecommittedtocontinuingtheirwork,evenifSWAPceasedoperations,butonlyiftheycouldstillobtaintheproducts. From theperspectiveoftheSWAPmanagement,thevendorsarestilldependentonSWAP’ssupportwithtraining,followupvisits,supplyofproducts,motivatingthemwithincentivesandsoon.SWAPitselfisalsostilldonordependent,andhasrecentlydevelopedabusinessplantoraiseitsownincome.However,giventhefactthatSWAPoperatesasimilarmethodologyacrossitswholeareaofoperationsfordeliveringthewatertreatment,ITNsandother(original)setofproducts,itdoesseemreasonabletoassumethatdeliveryoftheseplusthestoveswouldalsobepossibleacrossthismuchlargerarea.Todate,scalingupoftheimprovedstovesacrossthiswiderareahasbeenveryslow,duetotheneedtoscaleupproduction,andalsofortrainingofinstallers.Considerationalsoneeds ... 13Thisisawell‐managedproject.Itreliesonvendors,usingasustainablecommercialmodelsupportedbylow‐interestloansandinnovativeeducationalmethodstoempowerlow‐incomehouseholdswithknowledgeabouthowvariousproductscanimprove health offamilies,andencouragesadoptionthroughexample.ProjectfunctioningandachievementsThevendors,localmembersofthecommunitiesdrawn from HIVsupportgroupsandothercommunityselfhelpgroups,areessentiallyrunningsmall‐scalebusinessoperationsfacilitatedby(relatively)low‐costloans,andarekeytothefunctioningandsuccessofthisproject.Theyworkthroughcommunitymeetingsandschools,andalsodirectlybyhouse‐to‐housevisits,whilesomealsosellincommunitykiosksandpharmacies.TheSWAPvendorsareofferedtrainingonsafewaterandbusinessskillstohelpthemtobecomemoreefficientinmanagingtheirsmallscalebusinessesincludingselling health products.Thepromotionofproductsiscommerciallysustainableasthesearesoldatcostwithasmallmark‐upforthevendors,althoughthisisepisodicallycompromisedbyfreehandoutsbyotheragenciesofwatertreatmentproductsduringfloodsandothercrises.Overall,thisappearstobeaneffectiveandrobustmodelforsustainabledelivery.LikeallsuchNGO‐ledactivitieshowever,itwasnotentirelyclearhowwellthissystemwould‘survive’ifSWAPfundingandkey,highlycompetentpersonnelwerenolongermanagingtheprogramme.Vendorsareverycommitted,andrecognizecommunitydemand,butareunsurewhethertheywouldstillbeabletoaccesstheproducts.TheproductsthemselveshavethepotentialtoimpactonarangeofhighprioritydiseaseconditionsforchildsurvivalinKenya,namelypneumonia(Upesistoves),diarrhoea(arangeofHWTSproductsandhand‐washingsoaps),malaria(ITNs)andunder‐nutrition(Sprinkles).WatertreatmentandstorageTheHWTSproductscanbeexpectedtobeefficacious,buteffectivenessdependsoncomplianceineverydayuse.Furtherdataanalysisisneededtocompletethepicture,butresultsavailabletodateshowcomplianceacrosstheNICHEareatobemoderate,reachingatbest66%reporteduseand57%confirmedbychlorineresidualtestinginthe10integratedprojectvillagesamongimprovedstoveusers.Onthebasisofthesedata,theprojecthasreached(andexceeded)thestatedgoalforHWTS.Thislevelofcompliancemayhoweverberelativelygood,intermsofwhatcanbeachievedinpracticewithHWTS.Althoughcomplianceappearstobehighestwherecombinedinterventionshavebeenpromotedandadopted,thisneedsfurtheranalysis,adjustingforsocio‐economicandotherconfoundingfactors.Itisalsoimportanttotakeintoaccounttheeffectofparticipationinastudywithfrequenthomevisitswhichmayinflatecomplianceinanon‐sustainableway.ImprovedstovesTheauthorsarenotawareofanypriorstudiesoftheefficacyoftheUpesistoves,specificallyintermsofHAPreductionsinideal(‘test‐house’)circumstances.However,results from testingof indoor air pollution levelsinthecurrentproject(repeatedearlyin2010)demonstrateverymodestreductionsinPM2.5of10‐20%atbest.However,strongerevidenceofsavingsinfuelwoodofnearly30%wasreported.Basedoneverydayexperienceinthe ... EfficacytrialsofMMSincludingemission,household air pollution levelsandfuelefficiency,andpossiblealterationstoimproveperformanceandreduce air pollution.  EpidemiologicalstudiesforbothWGandMMSusers(withappropriatecontrolgroups),asalongertermevaluationobjective.KENYACountrysituationKenyaisacountryof38.8millionpeople,ofwhich68%areclassifiedasrural(WHO/UNICEF,2010).Neonatalmortality(33/1000livebirths...
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Tobacco Smoke, Indoor Air Pollution and Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis potx

Tobacco Smoke, Indoor Air Pollution and Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis potx

Điện - Điện tử

... passive smoking, and indoor air pollution from biomass fuels have beenimplicated as risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, and death. Tobacco smokingand indoor air pollution are persistent ... Clinical TB Disease for Indoor Air Pollution Exposure Compared with Nonexposuredoi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040020.g008Table 6. Quality Assessment and Subgroup Analysis: Indoor Air Pollution and TB DiseaseCategory ... smokeexposure, and indoor air pollution are associated with TB. We identified 33 papers on tobaccosmoking and TB, five papers on passive smoking and TB, and five on indoor air pollution andTB....
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Evaluating impacts of air pollution in China on public health: Implications for future air pollution and energy policies pptx

Evaluating impacts of air pollution in China on public health: Implications for future air pollution and energy policies pptx

Điện - Điện tử

... significantimpact on public health. Third, we use concentra-tion-response (CR) functions from long-term air pollution exposure studies for our health impactassessment. The long term air pollution exposurestudies ... BACT, the health benefits from mortality and morbidity avoided would be $1.4billion, half of the total health damages related to air pollution from Zaozhuang under 2020 BAU.Under ACGT health damages ... CO2underground. Our marginal health benefit calculation suggests that if the primary air pollution control objective is to minimize the total health damages of air pollution from energy use andif NH3emissions...
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Workshop Resources: Indoor Air Pollution and Household Energy Monitoring ppt

Workshop Resources: Indoor Air Pollution and Household Energy Monitoring ppt

Điện - Điện tử

... of theworkshop on indoor air pollution monitoring is explainedusing the environmental health pathway which links householdenergy practices to health effects via indoor air pollution concentrations ... levels of indoor air pollution. Globally, indoor air pollution is responsible forapproximately 1.6 million deaths every year.Various interventions are available to reduce indoor air pollution ... Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Indoor air pollution and household energy monitoring: workshop resources.1. Air pollution, Indoor. 2. Environmental monitoring. 3. Air pollutants - adverse effects. 4. Program...
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BROAD-SEARCH ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Indoor Air Pollution pptx

BROAD-SEARCH ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Indoor Air Pollution pptx

Điện - Điện tử

... (1996) Health Effects ofAcid Aerosols on North American Children: Air Pollution Exposures. Environmental Health Perspectives, 104 (5), 492-499.Smith, K. R. (1986) Biomass Combustion and Indoor Air ... different levels of air pollution, New Yorkmetropolitan area, 1971-1972. Arch Environ Health, 36 (2), 66-74.Magnussen, H. (1990) The effect of air pollution on patients with airway diseases. PneumologieSonderh, ... viscosityduring an air pollution episode: a link to mortality? Lancet, 349, 1582-87.Roemer, W., Hoek, G., and Brunkreef, B. (1993) Effects of Ambient Winter Air Pollution onRespiratory Health of Children...
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Indoor Air Pollution: An Overview potx

Indoor Air Pollution: An Overview potx

Điện - Điện tử

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