headache nausea vomiting and vertigo

... including postprandial fullness, early satiety (an inability to complete a meal due to premature fullness), bloating, eructation (belching), and anorexia Nausea and Vomiting Mechanisms Vomiting is ... stem and is effected by neuromuscular responses in the gut, pharynx, and thoracoabdominal wall The mechanisms underlying nausea are poorly understood but likely involve the cerebral cortex, as nausea ... abdominal complaints including nausea, vomiting, heartburn, regurgitation, and dyspepsia (the presence of symptoms thought to originate in the gastroduodenal...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Postoperative Gastroparesis vomiting Intestinal pseudoobstruction Functional dyspepsia Gastroesophageal reflux Chronic idiopathic nausea Functional vomiting and Cyclic vomiting syndrome Biliary ... obstruction and inflammation of hollow and solid viscera may produce vomiting as the main symptom Gastric obstruction results from ulcer disease and malignancy, while small-bowel and colonic ... and induces strictures Biliary colic causes nausea via action on visceral afferent nerves Vomiting with pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and appendicitis is due to localized visceral irritation and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... benefit in patients with chronic idiopathic nausea and functional vomiting as well as in diabetic patients with nausea and vomiting whose disease is of long standing ... reactions, hyperprolactinemic effects (galactorrhea and sexual dysfunction), and irreversible tardive dyskinesia Table 39-2 Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Treatm Mechanism Examples ent Clinical ... intestinal biopsy to evaluate for smooth muscle or neuronal degeneration Nausea and Vomiting: Treatment General Principles Therapy of vomiting is tailored to correction of medically or surgically remediable...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... include prior caustic ingestion, achalasia, and the hereditary disorder tylosis Esophageal adenocarcinoma usually complicates long-standing acid reflux Between and 20% of GERD patients exhibit intestinal ... calcium channel blockers, theophylline, and progesterone promote acid reflux Other exogenous stimuli that induce acid reflux include ethanol, tobacco, and caffeine via LES relaxation Genetic ... ulcer disease are gastric infection with H pylori and use of NSAIDs Other rare causes of gastroduodenal ulcer include Crohn's disease (Chap 289) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (Chap 287), a condition...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... individuals with upright symptoms Sucralfate is a salt of aluminum hydroxide and sucrose octasulfate that buffers acid and binds pepsin and bile salts Its efficacy in GERD is felt to be comparable to that ... on demand depending on symptom severity Many patients initially started on a proton pump inhibitor can be stepped down to an H2 antagonist Combination therapy with a proton pump inhibitor and an ... for severe disease unless given at high doses that elicit side effects (diarrhea and constipation with magnesium- and aluminum-containing agents, respectively) Alginic acid in combination with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... of nausea and vomiting Approach to the Patient: Nausea and Vomiting History and Physical Examination The history helps define the etiology of unexplained nausea and vomiting Drugs, toxins, and ... infarction and congestive heart failure are cardiac causes of nausea and vomiting Postoperative emesis occurs after 25% of surgeries, most commonly laparotomy and orthopedic surgery, and is more ... characterized in adults Chronic idiopathic nausea is defined as nausea without vomiting occurring several times weekly, whereas functional vomiting is defined as one or more vomiting episodes weekly in the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... anticipatory nausea and vomiting Therapy of delayed emesis 1–5 days after chemotherapy is less successful Neurokinin NK1 antagonists (e.g., aprepitant) exhibit antiemetic and antinausea effects ... current drug regimens produce greater reductions in vomiting than in nausea The clinician should exercise caution in managing the pregnant patient with nausea Studies of the teratogenic effects of available ... both the acute and delayed periods after chemotherapy Cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol, long advocated for cancer-associated emesis, produce significant side effects and exhibit no more...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... distention, and malabsorption Pancreatic disease (chronic pancreatitis and malignancy), hepatocellular carcinoma, celiac disease, Ménétrier's disease, infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis and eosinophilic ... mesenteric ischemia, thyroid and parathyroid disease, and abdominal wall strain cause dyspepsia Extraperitoneal etiologies of indigestion include congestive heart failure and tuberculosis Approach ... is intermittent and not generalized or localized to other regions Others experience a postprandial distress syndrome characterized by fullness occurring after normal-sized meals and early satiety...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... review on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis Gastroenterology 127:1592, 2004 [PMID: 15521026] Schwartzberg LS: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Clinician and patient perspectives ... implantation, and gastroplication, have been investigated in patients with refractory GERD with variable results and some adverse consequences Some patients with functional heartburn and functional ... esophageal disorders Gastroenterology 130:1459, 2006 [PMID: 16678559] Hasler WL, Chey WD: Nausea and vomiting Gastroenterology 125:1860, 2003 [PMID: 14724837] Kahrilas PJ, Lee TJ: Pathophysiology...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... "dizziness" without true vertigo, a feeling of warmth, diaphoresis, nausea, and visual blurring occasionally proceeding to blindness Presyncopal symptoms vary in duration and may increase in severity ... loss of consciousness if the cerebral ischemia is corrected Faintness and syncope are discussed in detail in Chap 21 Vertigo Vertigo is usually due to a disturbance in the vestibular system The ... semicircular canals and the otolithic apparatus (utricle and saccule) on each side The canals transduce angular acceleration, while the otoliths transduce linear acceleration and the static gravitational...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... pathologic vertigo is vestibular dysfunction involving either its end organ (labyrinth), nerve, or central connections The vertigo is associated with jerk nystagmus and is frequently accompanied by nausea, ... insufficiency (Chap 364); patients with this syndrome present with the abrupt onset of severe vertigo, nausea, and vomiting, but without tinnitus or hearing loss Acute bilateral labyrinthine dysfunction ... unsteadiness, and gait ataxia Since vertigo increases with rapid head movements, patients tend to hold their heads still Labyrinthine Dysfunction This causes severe rotational or linear vertigo When...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... Positional Vertigo and Central Positional Vertigo Features BPPV Central Latencya 3–40 s None: immediate vertigo and nystagmus Fatigabilityb Yes No Habituationc Yes No Intensity of vertigo Severe ... labyrinthine vertigo The adjacent auditory division of the eighth cranial nerve is usually affected, which explains the frequent association of vertigo with unilateral tinnitus and hearing loss ... symptoms are the most common manifestations Central Vertigo Lesions of the brainstem or cerebellum can cause acute vertigo, but associated signs and symptoms usually permit distinction from a labyrinthine...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... neurologic examinations and vestibular function tests Depressed patients often insist that the depression is "secondary" to the dizziness Approach to the Patient: Dizziness and Vertigo The most important ... decreases cerebral blood flow and should reproduce ischemic symptoms Hyperventilation is the cause of dizziness in many anxious individuals; tingling of the hands and face may be absent Forced ... dizziness and normal neurologic examinations The simplest provocative test for vestibular dysfunction is rapid rotation and abrupt cessation of movement in a swivel chair This always induces vertigo...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... examination should prompt appropriate neurodiagnostic studies .Vertigo: Treatment Treatment of acute vertigo consists of bed rest (1–2 days maximum) and vestibular suppressant drugs such as antihistaminics ... the vertigo persists beyond a few days, most authorities advise ambulation in an attempt to induce central compensatory mechanisms, despite the short-term discomfort to the patient Chronic vertigo ... of quantitatively determining various aspects of the VOR using computer-driven rotational chairs and precise oculographic recording of the eye movements CNS disease can produce dizzy sensations...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... Psychogenic ("phobic postural") vertigo is best treated with cognitivebehavioral therapy Helpful websites for both physicians and vertigo patients are: www.iVertigo.net and www.tchain.com Global ... a website for use in both physicians' offices and self-treatment (www.charite.de/ch/neuro /vertigo. html) Prophylactic measures to prevent recurrent vertigo are variably effective Antihistamines ... horizontal (lateral) BPPV from Italy and Korea Further Readings Dieterich M: Dizziness The Neurologist 10:154, 2004 [PMID: 15140275] Halmagi GM: Diagnosis and management of vertigo Clin Med 5:159, 2005...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 12:21

... disturbances and headache [1] In children, studies have also found that seizures, headache and altered mental status can be the most common clinical features [5] The other symptoms being nausea and vomiting, ... head and eye turning to one side with nystagmus, non-reactive pupils, left arm and leg stiffening, and fluctuating and raised BP Investigations included abdominal and chest radiographs, and abdominal ... characterized by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures and visual disturbances It has certain characteristic radiological features, which allow diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting and enable...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

... ginger in prevention nausea and vomiting Phillip et al(3) found that ginger was effective in preventing post operative nausea and vomiting Despite lower ginger powder use of gm and much shorter duration ... that might lead to vomiting, and was subjective(5) VAS of nausea was recorded on a 10 cm linear analogue scale that ranged from (no nausea at all) to 10 (the worst nausea) Vomiting is defined ... operative nausea vomiting, type and duration of surgery, the use of opioid during surgery, the requirements of postoperative analgesia and antiemetic drug The VAS, episode of vomiting and side...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2002, 24:817-831 Deuchar N: The psychological and social aspects of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy In Nausea and Vomiting of ... G and Bishai R Toronto, Motherisk; 2000:10-14 Sherman PW, Flaxman SM: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in an evolutionary perspective Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002, 186:S190-S197 Miller F: Nausea and ... burden of illness of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in the United States Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002, 186:S220-S227 Kugahara T, Ohashi K: Characteristics of nausea and vomiting in pregnant Japanese...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... including nausea [18] In other studies using the rat pica model, methylnaltrexone reduced opioid-induced nausea and vomiting [16] Although the mechanism by which ritonavir causes nausea and vomiting ... combination, can partially decrease ritonavir-induced nausea and vomiting Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, has been used in refractory cases of nausea and vomiting in AIDS patients, in combination with ... agents that produce several adverse effects, especially nausea and vomiting To date, the mechanism by which protease inhibitors cause nausea or vomiting has not been investigated Considering that...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Revised and Expanded, edited by William C Koller 14 Handbook of Pediatric Epilepsy, edited by Jerome V Murphy and Fereydoun Dehkharghani 15 Handbook of Tourette’s Syndrome and Related Tic and Behavioral ... Sidhu, Marc Laruelle, and Philippe Vernier 57 Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Richard L Doty 58 Handbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ... Hauser, and Walter F Stewart Dr Bigal wants to acknowledge Drs Speciali and Bordini, from Brazil, and the teams at The New England Center for Headache (Rapoport, Sheftell, and Tepper) and at Montefiore...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20