harnessing the benefits and minimising the costs

... social cohesion; they lead to worse health and personal security outcomes; they lead to the withdrawal of the haves from the life of the community and the exclusion of the have-nots; and, generally, ... countries, Finland carries a lower debt level than the U.S and Canada The data show that Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland each has a much smaller national debt than Canada, the U.S and the U.K., ... statistically significant The association between the index and tax level is modest Canada scored lower than the U.S., but Finland scored higher than the U.S the social benefits and economic costs of ta x...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings October 3, 2003 Dear Colleagues, This study, The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Building, represents the most definitive ... fully aggregate the costs and benefits of green buildings Specifically, the bulk of this report reviews and analyzes a large quantity of existing data about the costs and financial benefits of green ... clients conservative when using them They may oversize green building systems and not fully integrate them into the building, thereby reducing cost savings and other benefits Similarly, cost estimators...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... for the control of acid rain and stratospheric ozone depleters The main purpose of this report is to document the costs and benefits of the 1990 CAAA provisions incremental to those costs and benefits ... second Section 812 report, The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act: 1990 to 2010, was completed in November of 1999 and addressed the incremental costs and benefits of the Clean Air Act Amendments ... available estimates of the benefits and costs of the updated Pb NAAQS could be viewed as approximately additive to the results presented here 1-8 The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act fron...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... considering the risk of the complication to the infant and mother versus the tremendous benefits of breastfeeding The benefits of being breastfed are greater for the A Review of the Medical Benefits and ... evenly Actually, if the volume of distribution of a drug is known, then the amount available to the infant via the milk can be calculated if the weight of the mother and the dose of the drug are known.97 ... growth and promote the health of infants.”29 Studies reporting volume of milk produced relate the variability to the demand or consumption by the infant and not the dietary intake of the mother.45...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... enterprises CSR links the responsibilities of the enterprises with the society and links the activities of the enterprises to the strict environmental and social standards, and support the community ... for their actions when the consumers and the society boycott their products This fact forces the enterprises to consider the environmental and social accounting in the accounting tasks of the ... productivity after applying CSR” Furthermore, they also receive the support from the consumers and society for the general benefits of the enterprises for the community In the background of Vietnam joining...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:19

... as an out-of -the- box solution The product is deployed directly on to the mail server, and the specification of this server is dependent upon the volume and profile of mail processed The cost of ... are included in the annual licence fee, and support is provided 24x7 as standard Updates to the virus protection and upgrades of the software are provided automatically from the Sophos Databank ... before switching to the new version In terms of the security of the updates, files are signed (using Verisign) and checksummed before they are placed on the Sophos Databank Thereafter, additional...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 10:21

... delta in the Netherlands and Belgium formed by the confluence of the Rhine, the Meuse and the Scheldt rivers The economic importance of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta is enormous, since the three ... extremely high costs and losses in the future These costs then have to be borne by someone, and this is either the companies concerned or the taxpayer – often both Polluting in the pursuit of ... by the confluence of the Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt rivers in the Netherlands and Belgium The Rhine-Meuse delta problem is not unique – the world has many heavily industrialised water basins The...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... expression.” This simply means they understand the way glucans work is by binding to macrophages, neutrophils and NK cells and making them more potent in their defense of the body This fine review ... glucan and not to another group and then infect 16 them both with deadly pneumonia, but there is no reason to doubt that this would also protect humans just as well They later verified these results ... lymphokines and interleukin-1 and –2 cells All these scientific terms just refer to the various processes we have to attack tumor cells and destroy them There are so many animal studies on the anti-tumor...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... importantly, follow the adoption rate The cleanest theory and the best engineering in the world mean nothing if the users don't use them, and understanding why some solution will never work in theory means ... "Does it bother you," he asked, "that sometimes songs are there, and sometimes they aren't? Does it bother you that there are lots of copies of the same song, and that they aren't all the same?" ... computed, they might want to know more about the resources being offered, such as the speed of the computer, the amount of available memory, and the bandwidth of the connection Some of the technical...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 10:58

... As expected, the simplification of the mechanical design is attained at the expense of increased complexity of the power electronics and controllers On the other hand, augmenting the motor number, ... force, F0, the rolling coefficient, r, the drag coefficient, d, the total mass (vehicle’s mass plus the passenger and luggage masses), m, and the gravity, g, the resistance force, Fres, the electric ... which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source Statements and opinions...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... influence on the one hand the attractiveness of the EV for potential customers and subsequently the field experience of the EV users, and on the other hand the commercial interest of the industry ... for the BEVs and PHEVs In the 2030 high scenario, their calculated purchase costs are already very close to the one of the diesel hybrid However the additional purchase costs for EV versus the ... probably play further against the BEV and PHEV in the beginning For example, the higher vehicle component costs in the BEV and PHEV lead to higher replacement costs and these again adversely influence...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... in public transport is a key theme); and (iii) new technologies and fuels The use of pricing measurements will reduce transport demand and/ or ensure that the demand is “optimal” hence positively ... six years for the BEV and a level that is comparable to other hybrids cost penalties for the case of the PHEV If the replacement costs for components or insurance premiums are higher and stay higher ... States in the 1890s and early 1900s, EVs competed successfully with gasoline and steam cars predominantly in the Northeastern 36 Electric Vehicles – The Benefits and Barriers U.S., the most densely...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... in the 1960s In fact, the very success of the gasoline-fueled internal combustion ICE in the U.S., in one of the leading oil producing states at the time, contributed to the emergence of the ... generally small and low volume – were produced worldwide in the 1970s (Anderson and Anderson, 2010), though none by large OEMs These appear to have been supported and perhaps inspired by the high oil ... Learned” study, Japan and its automakers ― who held a significant share of the California market ― reacted strongly to the announcement of the GM Impact and the ZEV mandate Throughout the 1990s, worldwide...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... The higher is the gear ratio, the lower is the speed and the higher is the torque keeping the same power (neglecting losses) The mechanical power is given by: P=Tω (1) where T is the torque in ... Vehicles – The Benefits and Barriers r = n2/n1 = T1/T2 (3) From this mathematics and from Fig.2 there is evident, that at high speed the ICE has always enough power, therefore it needs the help ... engines and each of them offers other dynamics The power and the torque peaks are in case of ICE fix and they can only decrease due the wear, not optimal intake parameters or control, the EM is oppositely...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... between PEM and DMFC in the scooters and motorbike market In the materials handling market, almost exclusively PEM units are used In the ‘other’ category, there are roughly six times the number ... in the kW range The power density of the SOFC is in the range of 0.15-0.7 W/cm2 but high temperature corrosion is a problem that 98 Electric Vehicles – The Benefits and Barriers requires the ... impurities and expensive catalyst, higher CO levels result in loss of fuel cell performance Furthermore, the electrolyte must be saturated with water and the control of the anode and cathode streams therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Vehicles – The Benefits and Barriers After the DC regime expires, the initial WHILE loop starts, in which the current value of the alternate voltage of the assigned amplitude EmAC and the calculated ... regard to the integration of fuel cell in the vehicles, the figure 31 shows the layout bus for the project "H-Bus" The fuel cell system and hydrogen storage are assembled on the top of the vehicle ... stack and the linked ancillaries: a blower for the air, a pump for the water and a fan for the cooling circuit (Fig 22) Dedicated micro– computer and software are used for the management of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... production costs Added to the production costs there are also the costs associated to transmission lines use Customers have to pay for the net’s investments and maintenance and at the end for the service ... scenario and the season There are in the majority of the cases, steps in the supply curves for each technology The amplitude of the slops depends on the hydrologic conditions of the hydro resources and ... simplifications The cost functions are not linear and the average costs depend highly on the performance points in which the plants usually work There are also the start-up costs (higher if there is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... emissions and electricity costs The impacts of EVs and PHEVs charge on the electric utilities depend on the first place of the combination of vehicles’ penetration and charging profile scenarios The ... client To illustrate the differences, we have two case studies, the mainland, where there is competition in the production and retailing markets and S Miguel Island where the same company monopolises ... corresponds to the serial phases of production, usage and recycling While questions about production aim at producing EV efficiently for the market demand, the 160 Electric Vehicles – The Benefits and Barriers...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... choosed the more reserve-power is got and the better vehicle driving feature is But the volume and weight of the motor will increase rapidly by the same time and lead to the decline of the motor ... contained the preliminary selection of frame size, the number of stator poles Ns and the number of rotor poles Nr, the stator and rotor pole angle selection, the bore diameter and the stack length, the ... produces the PWM signal, then the system integrates the protective and the current chopping signals to give the main circuit IGBT drive signal and control the power main circuit to supply the SRM...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20