growth money demand and modern monetary policy
Money, Banking, and Financial Markets
... Economics CHAPTER 20 552 Money Growth, Money Demand, and Modern Monetary Policy Why We Care about Monetary Aggregates 554 The Quantity Theory and the Velocity of Money 557 Velocity and the Equation of ... Money Growth, Money Demand, and Modern Monetary Policy Output, Inflation, and Monetary Policy 581 Understanding Business Cycle Fluctuations 617 Modern Monetary Policy and the Challenges Facing ... Quantity Theory of Money 559 The Facts about Velocity 560 The Demand for Money 563 The Transactions Demand for Money 564 The Portfolio Demand for Money 566 Targeting Money Growth in a Low-Inflation...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Improving On-line Handwritten Recognition using Translation Models in Multimodal Interactive Machine Translation" docx
... Sanchis, e and Alejandro H Toselli 2008 iATROS: A speech and handwritting recognition system In V Jornadas en Tecnolog´as del Habla (VJTH’2008), pages 75–78, ı Bilbao (Spain), Nov [Nelder and Mead1965] ... results The simplified English and Spanish versions were used to estimate the IMT, IBM and language models The corpus consists of 56k sentences of training and a development and test sets of 1.1k sentences ... Mead1965] J A Nelder and R Mead 1965 A simplex method for function minimization Computer Journal, 7:308–313 [Och and Ney2002] F J Och and H Ney 2002 Discriminative training and maximum entropy...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Mixing Multiple Translation Models in Statistical Machine Translation" docx
... such methods are linear mixtures and log-linear mixtures (Koehn and Schroeder, 2007; Civera and Juan, 2007; Foster and Kuhn, 2007) which were used as baselines and discussed in Section Other methods ... (Koehn and Schroeder, 2007; Hildebrand and Vogel, 2009) Among these approaches are sentence-based, phrase-based and word-based output combination methods In a similar approach, Koehn and Schroeder ... use expertise of both out-of-domain and in-domain systems Bertoldi and Federico, 2009) In this approach, a system is trained on the parallel OUT and IN data and it is used to translate the monolingual...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Automatically Transcribed Dialogs to Learn User Models in a Spoken Dialog System" doc
... action St+1 according to its dialog management policy Concretely, the val˜ ues of St , Ut , At and At are all assumed to belong to finite sets, and so all the conditional distributions in our ... training and test set, is given in Table Since the output of the EM method depends on a random choice of starting point θ (0) , those results were averaged over 50 runs 124 AP Dempster, NM Laird, and ... K Georgila, J Henderson, and O Lemon 2006 User simulation for spoken dialogue systems: Learning and evaluation In Proc ICSLP, Pittsburgh, USA E Levin, R Pieraccini, and W Eckert 2000 A stochastic...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Enhancing Language Models in Statistical Machine Translation with Backward N-grams and Mutual Information Triggers" ppt
... Orlando, FL, April Ahmad Emami, Kishore Papineni, and Jeffrey Sorensen 2007 Large-scale distributed language modeling In Proceedings of ICASSP, pages 37–40, Honolulu, HI, April Andrew Finch and ... Section 2, we will briefly introduce related work and show how our models differ from previous work Section and will elaborate the backward language model and the MI trigger model respectively in more ... Emami et al., 2007; Brants et al., 2007; Talbot and Osborne, 2007) and syntax-based language models (Charniak et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2008; Post and Gildea, 2008) Since our philosophy is fundamentally...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Phrase-based Statistical Language Generation using Graphical Models and Active Learning" potx
... recognition, natural language understanding, dialogue management and text-tospeech synthesis (Rabiner, 1989; He and Young, 2005; Lef` vre, 2006; Thomson and Young, 2010; e Tokuda et al., 2000) ... ICASSP, 2002 Y He and S Young Semantic processing using the Hidden Vector State model Computer Speech & Language, 19 (1):85–106, 2005 A Isard, C Brockmann, and J Oberlander Individuality and alignment ... relations, and shaded nodes are observed The generation of the end semantic stack symbol deterministically triggers the final frame to depend only on the previous two stacks and the last mandatory...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "ADP based Search Using Monotone Alignments in Statistical Translation" pdf
... three categories for names (surnames, name and female names), two categories for numbers (regular numbers and room numbers) and two categories for date and time of day • 'D_'eatment o f ' p o t ... predecessor word e' and a successor word e Thus we optimize the following product, over the non-aligned word g: p~=~(eJe') = maxb~(elg).p(gIe')] i This maximization is done beforehand and the result ... iv, < F~ I I I I [ I Here and in the following, we omit a special treatment of the start and end conditions like j = or j = J in order to simplify the presentation and avoid confusing details...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Story Segmentation using a Bayesian Decision Framework for Statistical Models of Lexical Chain Features" pdf
... Features Chain starts and ends We follow (Chan et al 2007) to model the lexical chain starts and ends at a story boundary with a statistical distribution We apply a window around the candidate boundaries ... Hirst, G and St-Onge, D 1998 “Lexical chains as representations of context for the detection and correction of malapropisms”, WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, pp 305–332 Morris, J and Hirst, ... boundaries and non-story boundaries Story Segmentation based on Combination of Lexical Chain Features We trained the parameters of the Weibull distribution for lexical chain starts and ends at...
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a general equilibrium model for energy policy evaluation using gtap-e for vietnam
... economy-level and detailed sector-specific effects are also examined considering energy intensive and non-intensive sectors The Standard GTAP model and the GTAP-E model 2.1 The Standard GTAP model The standard ... special features of the standard GTAP model such as the sophisticated consumer demands and inter-sectoral factor mobility, incorporating a new treatment of investment behavior and additional accounting ... Outlook 2010 and the master plan on Vietnam’s energy sector (MOIT and JICA 2008) The GTAP Satellite data and its aggregation program are also utilized for the standard dynamic GTAP Sectoral and Regional...
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statistical field theory an introduction to exactly solved models in statistical physics nov 2009
... Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other ... statistical mechanics and, simultaneously, of theoretical physics As a matter of fact, it embraces concepts and ideas that have proved to be the building blocks of the modern understanding of the fundamental ... 7.4 Correlation Functions and Propagator 7.5 Perturbation Theory and Feynman Diagrams 7.6 Legendre Transformation and Vertex Functions 7.7 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Multicriticality 7.8...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Using animal models to determine the significance of complement activation in Alzheimer''''s disease" pptx
... [43,44] and potentiates its neurotoxicity [45], attracts microglia [46,47], promotes microglial and macrophage secretion of inflammatory cytokines [48,49], and induces neuronal injury, and sometimes ... Activated astrocytes and microglia increased in parallel with total Aβ and were closely associated with both diffuse and fibrillar plaques C1q immunoreactivity was detected at both and 12 months of ... in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus [106] and C9 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus [107] Injection of kainic acid similarly increased C1qB and C4 mRNA expression and C1q immunoreactivity...
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báo cáo hóa học:" An in vivo evaluation of bone response to three implant surfaces using a rabbit intramedullary rod model" doc
... activity, and food and water ad libitum Temperature was maintained at 24°C and humidity at 70% All rabbits tolerated the anesthesia and surgical procedure uneventfully Recovery was quick and rabbits ... above and below the ends of the implant, cleaned of soft-tissue, and fixed in 70% alcohol The specimen was further dehydrated in absolute alcohol and de-fatted in 50% mixture of ether and acetone ... implant pixels (grayscale value between 200 and 255), bone pixels (grayscale value between 80 and 200), and soft-tissue pixels (grayscale value between and 80) An edge detection algorithm was used...
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Báo cáo vật lý: "Using of HPLC Analysis for Evaluation of Residual Monomer Content in Denture Base Material and Their Effect on Mechanical Properties" pptx
... hardness and the weight percentages of the insoluble parts The mean domain size and the volume fraction of the rubber phase favor that of the water-bath cured specimens Naik and Jabade4 evaluated and ... switched off and left for 15 It was then boiled again for 20 and then switched off let it to cool down slowly Specimen was taken out from mould and the excess margins were polished by the sandpaper ... dramatically affects the physical and mechanical properties Sanders et al.2 compared acrylic resin record bases made from three commercial resins processed by water bath curing and microwave curing energy...
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Báo cáo khoa hoc:" Potential benefit from using identified major gene in BLUP evaluation with truncation and optimal selection" ppt
... stage and so the procedure is unlikely to be optimal Nevertheless, these problems are inherent in the methods of Fernando and Grossman [4] (used for instance by Ruane and Colleau (16]) and it ... explained the major locus and the total heritability were av= 0.06, 0.26 and 1.02 by and ht= 0.25, 0.36 and 0.60 for a 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, respectively These The = = = = = = combinations of parameters ... procedures were considered: i) standard truncation selection with fixed number of parents and family sizes; and ii) ’optimal selection’ in which the numbers of parents and their contributions are...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "Considerations on measures of precision and connectedness in mixed linear models of genetic evaluation" doc
... methods, theoretically and with numerical examples based on animal models and sire models some MODELS, NOTATION AND CRITERIA Consider a mixed model with one random factor (and the residual effect) ... matrix, u the random effect vector, Z the corresponding incidence matrix and e the residual vector where A is the numerator relationship matrix, and the scalars U 2and uare d the additive and residual ... animals (u and u are i ) in unit 1, and the last two (u and u are in unit Heritability equals 0.5 and ) 0;ouqd& = or= (A 1) Two cases are considered: (i) the animals are unrelated, and (ii) animals...
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Báo cáo sinh học: " Principal component and factor analytic models in international sire evaluation" pdf
... model, PC and FA models with the optimal fit (PC19 and FA9) and PC and FA models with too low a fit (PC15 and FA7) Furthermore, correlations between EBV from PC15 and PC19, from FA7 and FA9, and from ... 7), whereas the Netherlands is a popular trading partner with countries like Germany, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Belgium and Ireland (factor 8) New-Zealand, Australia and Ireland were positively ... Israel South Africa Estonia Poland Switzerland Swiss Red Holstein USA Germany The Netherlands New-Zealand Canada Denmark-Finland-Sweden France Italy Australia Belgium Ireland Spain Slovenia French...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "Precision and information in linear models of genetic evaluation" ppt
... BLUP AND CDs: AN OVERVIEW Let us consider a mixed model with a single random factor (and the residual effect): where b is the fixed effect vector, X the pertaining incidence matrix, u the random ... incidence matrix, and e the residual vector The random factors are normally distributed with the following first and second moments: e /ad Q =is assumed to be exactly known and A is assumed to ... problem (Golub and Van Loan, CD, CD(x) = an implies = 1983): As in the standard eigenvalue problem, the vectors f3 and the scalars J the 1, solutions of (6J, are called eigenvectors and eigenvalues,...
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Báo cáo sinh học: " A criterion for measuring the degree of connectedness in linear models of genetic evaluation" ppt
... vectors and < pertaining to factors0 and and resulting in contrasts such as B and i1 ! — !1 so that: where me and ni are the numbersof levels for the factors9 and § respectively o The vector ... density estimators â and ! of and < defined in [2a] and [2b] respectively, and the product /(8)/(!) of their marginal densities which would prevail if the design were orthonormal in B and Then, = = ... instance, B and F are closely connected (y 0.840 and 0.808 in I and II respectively) because they are * in the same herd and share close proportions of genes from the groups of base parents (0.5, and...
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- financial sector reforms and monetary policy in nigeria
- the role of energy in the industrial revolution and modern economic growth
- two goals of fiscal and monetary policy
- common goals of fiscal and monetary policy
- tiếng anh chuyên ngành kinh tế unit 9 fiscal and monetary policy
- a monetary policy and the long term interest rate
- expectations monetary policy and the misalignment of traded goods prices with comments pp 131 172
- money demand and inflation
- shocks surprises and monetary policy decisions of the ecb
- inflation central banks and monetary policy
- economic growth inflation and monetary policy
- monetary policy and currency
- textbook models of broad money supply and some monetary facts
- inflation the real interest rate and the monetary policy reaction curve
- supply money demand and the banking system
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