geographical isolation in marine species evolution and speciation in ostracoda i

... preexisting pitch differences might facilitate assortative mating of the new incipient 17year species (Fig 10) In this model, reinforcement acts prior to speciation by causing divergence in allopatry ... from interbreeding with partial hybrid success and limited introgression to interbreeding with complete hybrid failure to simple reproductive interference (e.g., crossmating with morphological incompatibility ... evolution and speciation in Magicicada if extreme climatic conditions sometimes induce periodical cicadas to switch life cycle in numbers sufficient to satiate predators and if the conditions persist...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... morphological stasis evident among lineages, considerable plasticity exists within lineages, including variation in surface area, body size, and length/width ratio of the furca (tail) according to season ... CRYPTIC COPEPOD SPECIES were 197 parsimony-informative sites for COI, and consistency and retention indices were 0.64 and 0.84, respectively All substitutions in COI were synonymous, resulting in ... allowed during the experiments It is possible that E affinis can discriminate among sibling species using chemical cues, given that it uses such cues to distinguish conspecifics from more distantly...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 15:20

... Globin ⁄ DHP Ar marina A2 Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron ... marina Hb Intra Mb G dibranchiata mIV A ornata DHP CDS Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron ... the possibility for globins and linkers (proteins involved in the structure of HBL-Hb) to interact and to bind to dimers or other aggregation states while conserving functionality Indeed, linkers...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... conscience clause disallowing religious discrimination in staffing In 1951 Potchefstroom gained its autonomy as university, without the conscience clause in its Statute In 1954 one of the leading ... apartheid-inspired material, but also of modernisation Here evolutionary thinking and findings need to find a place not only in biology but also in history, and, it might be argued though many might ... Darwin sketched in The Origin of Species that the following questions can be answered and the pillars of the discipline of biology put in place: What is life? It is precisely the current (Darwinian)...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20

... relative abundance, and interspecific interactions of the different species involved In this paper I report field observations concerning species in the genera Eudromia and Tinamotis (Tinamidae); ... isolation In Mimus and Phrygilus singing and displaying individuals of each speciesin the pair were observed at localities with open shrubsteppe (Figs 34 and 40) Differences in color, size, and vocalizations ... expected Similarities and differences that could minimize reproductive interactions are listed in Table In Agriomis, parapatry with little habitat differentiation between A microptera and A murina...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... bipedal hominids DiVering from the Pliocene hominid evolution in Africa, the changing environments did not result in Eurasia in the emergence of bipedal apes, but in the extinction of generalised ... the centrifuge tube (now containing the shards and other detrital mineral grains) was frozen in liquid nitrogen and remaining supernatant (containing diatoms and radiolaria) was decanted and the ... rationale for this approach was that early Pliocene dust and upwelling indices suggested that maxima in eolian dust and upwelling indices appeared to be indicating maxima in summer monsoon intensity...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 17:20

... have ongoing explicit and implicit business relations with those soliciting the evaluation, there is less incentive to lie about what an individual is like 87 Sattler, Declaration (cited in note ... stages in the motion picture business: production, distribution, and exhibition Production involves making a completed master of the motion picture that is to be distributed and exhibited This is ... executive may be interested in laying off Chisholm88 discusses, and dismisses, this possibility However, her dismissal is not convincing Evidence from other industries provides support for the view...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:21

... Isolating Barriers Modes of Speciation Genetic Differentiation during Speciation Hybridization and Introgression Hybridization and Extinction Crop–Weed Hybridizations Risk of Transgene Escape into ... distinct individuals within the same or closely related species They form multivalents at meiosis or there is a random association of homologues into bivalents, resulting in polysomic inheritance ... maturase involved in splicing introns) and the atpB–rbcL intergenic region Rates of evolution in matK, ndhF and the atpB–rbcL intergenic region appear to be high enough to resolve intergeneric and interspecific...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:10

... taken into account when initiating empirical antibiotic therapy Abbreviations RTI: Respiratory Tract Infections; SI: Skin Infections; UTI: Urinary Tract Infections; GITI: Gastro-intestinal Tract Infections; ... predominant gram-negative bacteria in Bloodstream Infections (BSI), Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI), Gastro-Intestinal Tract Infections (GITI), and Skin Infections ... predominant gram-negative bacteria in Bloodstream Infections (BSI), Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI), Gastro-Intestinal Tract Infections (GITI), and Skin Infections...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... after harvesting By initially decreasing overstorey density and basal area, canopy openings created by logging triggered a rapid increase in recruitment into the seedling and sapling layers The fact ... confirmed the dissimilarity of species composition in the primary and logged forests Many studies have found that species diversity increases after logging and that this change results primarily ... and Korean pine in Northeast China Biodiversity Science, 12: 174–181 (In Chinese) Yang X., Xu M (2003): Biodiversity conservation in Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve, northeastern China: status,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... relationship was observed in the case of silver fir (R = 0.56), which is rapidly declining in the upper layer, and its next generation in the lower layer suffers from interspecific competition and ... stage, PRP – optimal stage addition to the analysis of living trees, this procedure indirectly evaluates the variability of the dying-off of trees within individual developmental stages In the advanced ... layer in 2002 When all species are evaluated jointly, the utilization of available crown space exhibited an increasing trend and reached 58.76% in 2002 At this plot, the intermediate layer is partly...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:22

... group consisting of beech and willow The results of ANOVA in Table indicate a significant influence of different cutting operations on the number of all regenerating individuals, of all individuals ... specified stand variables (fructifying trees, stand density, LAI) on the amount of beech seedlings (principal woody plant) in natural regeneration A significant influence of two principal climatic ... primary interest is to reach an appropriate species composition and partitioning – interspecific relations (Saniga 1990) In beech forests, these relations are not complex because beech is privileged...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:22

... cessation of growth Our current studies suggest that globulus leaf initiation is important and, as demonstrated in Fig 3, the initiation of new leaves at the apex of the dominant shoot is restricted ... restricted with developing water stress Indeed, Hsiao (1973) proposed that bud formation and leaf initiation were more sensitive than leaf growth to water deficit and these results tend to confirm that ... is limited at present and further research is being directed in this area References Borralho N., Araujo M.C & Pereira J.S (1987j Influence of water supply in crown structure and production of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... observed in African and Hispanic Americans but not in Caucasians, while it is significant in British Caucasians and Northwestern American Caucasians but not in African Americans in Philadelphia (see ... non-Caucasian Americans* American AA HL Chicago Chicago Baltimore Chicago Chicago Baltimore Irish** Irish Irish Chicago Irish British, Italian British Irish Baltimore Baltimore Chicago Baltimore, Chicago ... by geographical location Two reports, including ours, indicate that the association is significant only in non-Caucasian Americans while two other studies show that it is significant in American...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... ascertaining the germplasm diversity, genotype individualization, linkage mapping and taxonomic affinities Screening/Identification of SSR positive genomic sequences from the small insert partial ... their individual PI in the decreasing order; Cumulative power of discrimination was calculated using products of PIs of successive informative markers arranged in decreasing order as described ... warranted much more critical appraisal for ascertaining their individual alleles/sizing that in many cases were not easily distinguishable from the similar sized confounding stutter amplicons (data not...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Switzerland) Vitamin E was delivered by nasoenteric tube Besides the intervention solution, all patients received the ICU's 'standard vitamin profile' consisting of 100 mg thiamine and 500 mg vitamin ... detectable biological or clinical effect in those patients with limited SIRS Considering that SIRS is deleterious since it promotes organ failure [37], such a modulation is potentially beneficial Indeed, ... groups) and resulted mainly from the use of glucose-insulin infusions in the cardiac patients, which was dictated by the patients' immediate postoperative condition The insulin requirements were significantly...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... polymerase III (Pol III) and, in the case of Ty3, it has been demonstrated that interactions between Ty3 integration factors and Pol III transcription factors are responsible for this site specificity ... classification of 74 proteins into 32 families of to proteins per family Percent identity within these families ranged from 28.8% to 100%, with an average of 42.3% identity Examination of the distribution ... events Since negative selection would be reduced in regions of low recombination rate, repetitive DNA would accumulate in regions with low recombination rate Under the insertion model, TE insertions...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... economic significance of posibility of protecting GIs is enormous While much important is attached to GIs for wine and spirits, many developing countries show an increasing interest in gaining market ... protection in the EC and in Vietnam In addition, descriptive and synthetic methods are also used to give the main contents of regulations concerning protection of GIs in TRIPs, the EC and in Vietnam ... origin which is defines on the basic of either of the extent of national territory or a linguistic criterion can not constitute a geographical area capable of justifying an indication of origin”.116...

Ngày tải lên: 18/08/2014, 04:27

... Protection TRIPs of GIs under 3.1 Provisions in TRIPs 3.1.1 Definition of GIs TRIPs defines GIs as “…indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member or a region or ... separate issues concerning the protection of GIs: creating a multilateral register for wines and spirits and extending the higher level of protection beyond wine and spirits, discussed in Section III ... definition, description and presentation of aromatized wines, aromatized wine-based drinks and aromatized wine-product cocktail 21 Regulation created a sui generic system of indications of origin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/08/2014, 04:28

... al 1999) The binding sites of murine Nkx2-5 has been characterized by Chen and Schwartz and been shown to have two distinct binding sites: an NK2 domain and a homeodomain binding site(Chen et al ... xiii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 – Location of amino-acid change in the homeodomain of Nkx2-5LP dominant negative 4! Figure 1.2 – Simplified model of known signaling in early cardiogenesis ... plasmid was linearized by digesting the plasmid with the appropriate restriction enzyme Nkx2-5HA-pT7Ts was linearized using EcoRI (Promega, Madison, WI) and GFP-pCS2+ was linearized using NotI (Promega)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 12:29