genetics and cell evolution

... NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM OXFORD MOLECULAR POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION MASATOSHI NEI Center for Denlogruphic and Population Genetics University of Texas at Houstort NORTH-HOLLAND ... estimates of evolutionary time The eventual goal of the study of evolution is to understand all the processes of evolution quantitatively and be able to predict and control the future evolution ... Adaptive and nonadaptive evolution 8.5.1 Mechanisms of molecular evolution 8.5.2 Polyn~orphism a phase of evolution as 8.5.3 Molecular evolution and morphological...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:58

... present-day cells and species Eukaryotic cells (those with nuclei) are thought to have evolved by cell fusion (e.g., Hartman and Fedorov 2002) that introduced the subcellular organelles mitochondria and ... life, and we will consider just what it is that is inherited We will then consider how that changes over time and relates to the processes we know as evolution. ” Genetics and the Logic of Evolution, ... the dermal, vascular, and ground tissues Individual cells are bound together in layers in various ways and need modes of both communication and adhesion (and, for some cell types, such as sperm...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 13:05

... suppression and cell mortality Cell 85:27–37 Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME, Beach D, Lowe SW (1997) Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a Cell ... human fibroblasts by p16 and the polycomb protein Bmi-1 Mol Cell Biol 23:389–401 Itahana K, Campisi J, Dimri GP (2004) Mechanisms of cellular senescence in human and mouse cells Biogerontology 5:1–10 ... in cultured mouse cells p19ARF is predominantly upregulated during senescence by oncogene activation and/ or oxidative stress Senescence and Cell Cycle Control 265 In human cells undergoing replicative...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... the daughter cells at the end of cell division and in cellular autolysis [9], where it mediates the release of toxins that damage the host tissues and allows the entry of pneumococcal cells into ... analysis of ligand binding to C-LytA (A) Conformational changes induced by ligands on C-LytA monitored by near-UV CD with no ligand added (—) and upon addition of ligands: s, d, 2.5 and 20 mM choline; ... analogs on cell growth and viability Fig Effect of choline and analogs on the activity of cell wall lytic enzymes Data are shown as percentage of activity with respect to nonligated enzyme, and are...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... Biochem 57, 479–504 de Jong WW & Bloemendal H (1981) Evolution of lens and crystallins In Evolution of Lens and Crystallins in Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Eye Lens, pp 221–278 Wiley-Interscience, ... (1998) Cloning and mapping the mouse Crygs gene and non-lens expression of [gamma]S-crystallin Mol Vis 4, Wistow G (1995) Molecular Biology and Evolution of Crystallins: Gene Recruitment and Multifunctional ... mammalian evolution These changes illustrate the way in which gene families may expand, contract and adapt They may also help us understand the functions of the c-crystallin family in vision and elsewhere...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... alia, land and property disputes involving widows and other vulnerable women as well as the land rights The land and property rights of women and orphans of women returning to their natal homes and ... schemes The land and property rights of women and orphans 1.4 The legal framework affecting women’s land and property rights in Zimbabwe A wide variety of laws and policies pertaining to land and property ... critical review of land and agricultural policies in light of the HIV and AIDS pandemic is yet to be conducted A fundamental question for policy development around land and HIV and AIDS remains...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 03:20

... endothelial cells, pancreas, liver astrocytes Acts on activated T cells Acts on lymphocytes, dendritic cells, haematopoetic cells LD78b (CCL3 ⁄ L1) Eotaxin (CCL11) Expressed by T cells, B cells and monocytes ... recruitment of CD26 and CD45 to these rafts [80] and induces T -cell activation DPIV family in cancer and cell biology Fig Features of the effects of DP upon T -cell activation ⁄ function Cell- surface ... literature that DPIVand FAP-exerted effects on cell behaviour are cell- type dependent For example, while FAP overexpression in 293T cells was associated with decreased cell adhesion and cell migration,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... incomes, and broadband and wireless users—report more frequent chance encounters with news as well as more frequent hunting and gathering experiences The youngest adults (those under age 30) and cell ... groups: women, African-Americans, and older Americans (those 65 and older) By comparison, those who are internet users and those who have a cell phone but no landline are less likely to get local ... the cell- only population (those who have dropped their landline and rely exclusively on their cell phone) get radio news on a typical day, compared with 39% of those who rely exclusively on landlines...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... were chosen, and their total wing area, anterior (A) and P compartments area and cell density were measured (see Experimental procedures) Cell size was then estimated as the inverse of cell density ... from defects in cell adhesion and ⁄ or cell communication mfl silencing triggers apoptosis and sorting out of D cells towards the V compartment To assess the specific effects on cell apoptosis, ... cells expressing different levels of Mfl or still unexplained cell nonautonomous effects, such as defects in cell communication and ⁄ or cell affinity In order to evaluate the growth of mfl 05 cells...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... bacterial cell, and the DNA must therefore wind back and forth many times within the cell Observation by light microscopy of living bacterial cells and by electron microscopy of fixed and sectioned cells ... studies on other bacteria and higher cells have revealed that the basic principles of cell operation are the same for all cell types An Overview of Cell Structure and Function Cell s Need for Immense ... Growing Cells The cells in a population of freely growing cells are not all alike A newly divided cell grows, doubles in volume, and divides into two daughter 16 An Overview of Cell Structure and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:55

... in reshaping the Earth and its creatures We will find its history is entwined with evolutionary and geological history in remarkable and often unexpected ways But to understand this, it is best ... the randomness or disorder of a system For life processes to be spontaneous and ongoing, the change in G must be negative But growth and replication of a cell involve an increase in order and ... oxygen in our H Decker and K.E van Holde, Oxygen and the Evolution of Life, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13179-0_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 Oxygen, Its Nature and Chemistry: What Is...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... l-glutamine and 5% fetal bovine serum) and maintained at 37 C and 5% CO2 For translocation experiments, cells were removed with 0.05% trypsin EDTA, and plated with cell solution of ã 106 cellsặmL)1 ... prepared for cell assay and was added following the same procedure described for the time course cell assay The cells were washed with NaCl Pi and xed after 400 min, and the standard immunocytochemical ... regulators of immune and inammatory responses and also genes involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation [36] In this paper, we report the results of cell- based, in vitro and in silico experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... control and mutant DNAzyme-treated cells (Fig 5) Inhibition of Saos-2 cell invasion by Dz720 The plasminogen activator system can promote the breakdown of ECM and facilitate cell invasion and metastasis ... controls (P < 0.01) (Fig 6) Saos-2 cells treated with the active Dz720 had 42% and 17% fewer cells on the lower side of the filter compared with untreated control cells and cells treated with Dz720 mutant, ... uPA and uPAR to further inhibit cancer cell invasion and metastasis complex, the medium was replaced with DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum Cells were collected and assayed by northern and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... with glands in the fundus and body that produce mucus (surface and neck cells), pepsinogen (chief cells), and acid and intrinsic factor (parietal cells) Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 and ... (humoral immunity), T lymphocytes (cellular immunity), macrophages (phagocytic and one of several types of antigen-presenting cells), and mast cells Immunity and T and B cells There are two types of ... infection and release histaminases to counteract basophils and mast cells; and basophils, which contain histamine and heparin and assist mast cell function Bone marrow is the site of blood cell development...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... 5, 7, 8, 11 and 12 By contrast with only one OsTLP found on chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12, three (OsTLP5, OsTLP9 and OsTLP12), two (OsTLP8 and OsTLP13) and three (OsTLP1, OsTLP10 and OsTLP11) ... pairs (OsTLP6 ⁄ and OsTLP7 ⁄ 14) may be the result of recent segmental duplication of chromosomes 11 and 12 and chromosomes and 7, respectively [13,14] With regard to OsTLP8 and OsTLP13, they ... amino acids fall within the fifth (E5, site 103) and ninth (E9A, site 312; E9B, site 319) b-strands, and the loop between E9A and E9B (sites 315 and 317) (supplementary Fig S1) TUBBY-like genes...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... Hollywood Films values within 64 cells (in an × array, each cell with 32 × 32 pixels) It also found candidate dissolves and fades by tracking monotonicity of changes in those cells across traveling windows ... scenes, and Graham and Field (2007) found them in artworks These results reflect the structure of the human visual system Again, Gilden et al (1995)—as well as Pressing and Jolley-Rogers (1997) and ... interest, the waxing and waning of attention and performance needed a new measurement tool and a snappy result allied with the harder sciences These were provided by Gilden, Thornton, and Mallon (1995),...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... glutamine, cysteine, and glycine It is the most abundant intracellular small molecule thiol present in mammalian cells and it serves as a potent intracellular antioxidant protecting cells from toxins ... tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN, and cell cycle inhibitors p21 Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 (Park et al, 2008) Whereas the molecular machinery utilized by HER2 to promote cell migration and invasion remains ... breast cancer cells, which have ~60% elevated levels of GSH compared to wild-type MCF-7 cells and unable to undergo estrogen-induced apoptosis within week unlike MCF-7:5C cells, and that depletion...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... heavily on the existence of ubiquitous broadband (BB) connectivity, applications and content Broadband deployment is uneven within and among Regulation and the evolution of the global telecoms industry ... change in regulation in 2003 put an end to mandatory broadband unbundling and allowed broadband services to be offered over 12 Regulation and the evolution of the global telecoms industry cable ... infrastructure and the diffusion of broadband technologies and services have important externalities and spillover effects and both are increasingly viewed as important factors for economic growth and prosperity...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20