genes involved in ion transport and its regulation

... acquisition of microRNA-mediated regulation Considering the pervasive nature of microRNA regulation in mammalian cells, it is intriguing to inquire how the function and evolution of duplicate genes ... diverging function through comparisons of co-conservation of coding regions [7,8], shared transcriptional regulation [9,10], or similarity in protein-protein [11,12] or genetic [13] interaction ... microRNA-mediated regulation plays an important role in the regulatory circuits involving duplicate genes, including adjusting imbalanced dosage effects of gene duplicates, and possibly creating a mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... results in a strong increase in AP-1 binding to TREs [53] Prm 1and Prm3- reporter gene expression and TPa and TPb mRNA expression are up-regulated by PMA in HEL cells [25] While the site of action ... significantly increase luciferase activity directed by Prm3 subfragments containing the AP-1* mutation Moreover, preincubation of HEL cells with PMA resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in nuclear factor binding ... the preinitiation complex relies on binding of multiple general transcription factors, such as SP-1, in proximity to the transcription initiation site [28] Herein, successive 5¢-deletion of Prm3...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... stimulation Examination of PPARc ⁄ RXRa interactions within the PPRE To further investigate the identity and specificity of the DNA ⁄ protein interactions within the PPRE centred at )159 and )148 ... action on TP gene expression showing no reduction in Prm1 activity or TPa mRNA expression The reduction in TPb mRNA expression in response to 15d-PGJ2 in HEL cells was reflected in a corresponding ... PPARc-mediated inhibition, as opposed to activation, of gene expression are becoming increasingly common [16,56], transcriptional inhibition is mainly documented to involve PPARc-mediated trans-repression...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... containing Γ and tans gent to WY (σ(Y )) along Γ This connection is called inclination-flip The existence of inclination-flip connections contradicts the existence of the dominated splitting in ... splitting to all of Λ, obtaining Theorem C Theorems 3.6 and 3.7 are proved in Section The results in this paper were announced in [26] Attractors and isolated sets for C flows In this section we ... Theorem C is proved in Section We start by proposing an invariant splitting over the periodic points lying in Λ and prove two basic facts, Theorems 3.6 and 3.7, establishing uniform estimates...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... suggesting that the increased cAMP concentration affects the transcription of genes encoding LiPs and MnPs via regulation of CaM transcription 14 Discussion Expression of all lip and mnp isozyme genes ... important role in initiating the lignin degrading reaction of the fungus, because they can cleave lignin structures extracellularly in the first step of lignin mineralization (Cullen and Kersten ... ligninolytic system in white-rot fungi could be used as a target for breeding a high lignin-degrading strain and for furthering our understanding of the lignin-degradation system in these fungi Phanerochaete...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... suggesting that the increased cAMP concentration affects the transcription of genes encoding LiPs and MnPs via regulation of CaM transcription Discussion Expression of all lip and mnp isozyme genes ... important role in initiating the lignin degrading reaction of the fungus, because they can cleave lignin structures extracellularly in the first step of lignin mineralization (Cullen and Kersten ... However, a shortage of cAMP, arising from inhibition of intracellular cAMP production via CaM inhibition, may also possibly result in reducing transcription of the isozyme genes To clarify this ambiguity,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... suggesting that the increased cAMP concentration affects the transcription of genes encoding LiPs and MnPs via regulation of CaM transcription Discussion Expression of all lip and mnp isozyme genes ... important role in initiating the lignin degrading reaction of the fungus, because they can cleave lignin structures extracellularly in the first step of lignin mineralization (Cullen and Kersten ... However, a shortage of cAMP, arising from inhibition of intracellular cAMP production via CaM inhibition, may also possibly result in reducing transcription of the isozyme genes To clarify this ambiguity,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... fraction and toward genes of cell replication and growth in the less expressed fraction Additionally, this finding, in the context of our results demonstrating enhanced sequence conservation among ... acid proportion in RNA) - (Amino acid proportion in DNA))/(Amino acid proportion in DNA) × 100 Soil sample collection and DNA/RNA isolation rRNA subtraction, RNA amplification and cDNA synthesis ... (12 DNA/RNA samples × 20 amino acids), 227 (95%) involved a significant change in amino acid frequency, with 114 involving an increase and 113 involving a decrease in frequency from DNA to RNA...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:24

... flowering and sex-determination is very scarce, yet essential to accelerate breeding and aid our understanding of flowering control in kiwifruit and woody perennial species in general Molecular and ... proteins AP3-1 and PI, as well as FUL and SEP4; weaker interactions were detected between AG and SEP4 and SEP3 and SEP4 No interactions were identified with FUL-like and SEP1 (Figure 2H) Expression ... widely observed and questioned in Antirrhinum [52,53], as well as other plants [54] In addition, this model fails to explain floral diversity seen within flowering plants, and additional models...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... of the C6 binding partners was programmed cell death interacting protein (PDCD6IP/ALIX), which has been involved in apoptosis regulation, cytokinesis and HIV-1 budding VACV C6 also interacted ... other hand a VACV attenuated strain with a C6L gene deletion has shown an enhanced immune response in vivo (manuscript in preparation), indicating that this protein may also be involved in the regulation ... proteins, phospholipid scramblase (PLSCR4), that participates in the regulation of the movements of phospholipids in membranes, and valosin containing protein p97/p47 complex interacting protein...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... subgroups [18,30,31], including the bHLH-interaction and calmodulin-binding motifs in the DNA-binding domain [28,29], and the repression domain pdLNLD/ELxiG/S in the C-terminus [7] In our study, the ... in gymnosperm lignin biosynthesis and wood formation MYB proteins have two structural regions, an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD or MYB domain) and a Cterminal modulator region that is responsible ... motifs I, K and P found in PgMYB6, and The motifs might be involved in protein or DNA interactions; however, it remains to be seen whether they play a role in protein structure or function Spruce...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains in its amino-terminal portion, followed by many binding sites for SH2 domains The N-terminal region of Dok1 consists of a PH domain, that may be involved ... family kinases, including Lyn, Blk and Fyn, Syk and Btk tyrosine kinases, initiating complex signaling cascades involving multiple adaptors, kinases, phosphatases, G-proteins and transcription factors ... containing an N-terminal module composed of tandem pleckstrin homology (PH)-phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains followed by a region rich in binding motifs to Src homology (SH)2 and SH3 domains...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 09:08

... Dok-6 and Dok-7 These proteins though having different expression profiles, are structurally similar, containing tandem Nterminus Pleckstrin (PH) and Phospho-tyrosine binding (PTB) domains as ... domain binding protein Geneticin Gancyclovir Growth factor receptor-bound protein Haemagglutinin 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphates Immunoglobulin Interleukin Inositol 3,4,5-triphosphate Insulin receptor ... Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Polymerase chain reaction Pleckstrin homology Protein kinase B Protein kinase C Phospholipase C gamma Phospho-tyrosine binding Phosphatase and tensin homolog...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 10:44

... induction 86 Chapter Expression of vtgs 3.1 Introduction The major sites for Vtg synthesis in egg-laying animals (oviparous) include the fat body (in insects), intestine (in nematodes and echinoderms) ... (Leica) 3.2.7 Haematoxylin and eosin staining After dewax and rehydration, tissue sections were first stained by Haematoxylin for 8-20 Excessive staining was removed by washing in tap water for 0.5-1 ... expressions of both vtg1 and vtg2 mRNAs were detected in the liver and no vtg expression was detected in the intestine Interestingly, the expression of vtg1 and vtg2 mRNAs was also detected in the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:13

... regulated genes (Lee et al 2002) Finally, other studies have shown that pRb is involved in preventing chromosome instability by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in G2/M checkpoints such ... inhibits the transcriptional activity of E2F by binding to its carboxy-terminal transactivation domain, thereby preventing the interaction of E2F with the basal transcription machinery (Helin et ... Flemington et al 1993) However, expression of an E2F variant containing the DNA binding motif but not the pRb-binding or transactivation domain or introduction of a competitor plasmid containing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... single-stranded, nonprotein-coding RNA molecules, approximately 19–25 nucleotides in length By binding to the complementary sites in the 3¢UTRs of their target genes, they can induce translational ... in comparison with the control, indicating that the sequences regulated by miR-192 ⁄ 194 indeed reside in the 3¢UTRs of the Per1–3 genes (Fig 2D) A close examination of the 3¢UTR of the Per genes ... able to maintain circadian rhythms of clock gene expression in the absence of a functional SCN [27] Therefore, it would be interesting 5452 to determine the exact role of miR-192 ⁄ 194 in these...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... Globin ⁄ DHP Ar marina A2 Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron ... marina Hb Intra Mb G dibranchiata mIV A ornata DHP CDS Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron CDS Intron Intron Intron Intron Intron ... simultaneously involved the possibility for globins and linkers (proteins involved in the structure of HBL-Hb) to interact and to bind to dimers or other aggregation states while conserving functionality Indeed,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... respectively, and tailing with terminal transferase and dCTP according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Gibco/BRL) The following annealing conditions were used during PCR: increasing from 54.5 ... into the vector pTrcHisB and into pQE-31, yielding upstream in- frame extensions of 45 and 20 codons, respectively, including six histidine codons each In spite of different N-terminal extensions, ... metabolically important ring-substituted cinnamic acids Expression studies in cell cultures and in seedlings revealed differential regulation of the four 4CL genes, supporting earlier notions on different...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... related genes within intron and intron This could indicate frequent recombination between the genes for which close association has Guinea pig CYP11B genes (Eur J Biochem 269) 3845 been shown in mice ... recombination between the two genes in intron and intron eventually lead to both distinct regiospecificities and/ or differential regulation We next sought to determine when this gene duplication ... the guinea pig as a model The guinea pig is an interesting species because its taxonomical position remains controversial [12,13] These features should provide new insight into the evolution and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... A507T, and I586M) Table Translation, transcription and termination sequences of the Mn-LOX-Gga gene and the exon–intron borders Transcription start pointa a1gcaggttc… Intron Intron I a Translation ... Ala16 and Ala17 This tentative signal peptide, MRSRILAIVFAARHVA, thus contains four alanine and three arginine residues, which might explain the low number of alanine and arginine residues in the ... C-terminal isoleucine residue of LOX was not conserved The C-terminal amino acid of Mn-LOX was valine, and there is precedence for the C-terminal valine as a metal ligand in both native and recombinant...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20