generalised phrase structure grammar

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... approxi- mations for context-free grammars and equivalent augmented phrase- structure grammar formalisms. The approximation is exact for certain context- free grammars generating regular languages, ... relevant syntac- tic and semantic regularities. Augmented phrase structure grammar (APSG) formalisms, such as unification-based grammars (Shieber, 1985a), can express many of those regularities, ... the observation that many interest- ing phrase- structure grammars have substantial parts that accept regular languages. That does not mean that the grammar rules are in the stan- dard forms...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... 1981. "Unbounded Dependencies and Coordinate Structure. " Linguistic Inquiry 12, 155-184. Gazdar, Gerald. 1982. " ;Phrase Structure Grammar. " In Pauline Jacobson and Geoffrey ... Hewlett-Packard's Computer Research Center. The system's main components are: a Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG); a top-down parser; a logic transducer that outputs a first-order logical ... research had three goals: (1) demonstrating the computational tractability of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG), (2) implementing a GPSG system covering a large fragment of English, and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... which run different types of grammars. Among them, the most successful are the CF grammars, the augmented phrase- structure grammars (APSGs), and the semantic grammars. All of them have different ... (1976), and its major improvements are described. It has been designed to run Augmented Phrase- Structure Grammars (APSG) and performs semantic interpretation in parallel with syntactic analysis. ... VoI.I: Syntax. Addison-Wesley. 202 AN EFFICIENT CONTEXT-FREE PARSER FOR AUGMENTED PHRASE- STRUCTURE GRAMMARS Massimo Marino*, Antonella Spiezio, Giacomo Ferrari*, Irina Prodanof+ *Linguistics...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... learn more about gerunds later in this chapter.) – STRUCTURE: GRAMMAR AND STYLE – 59  The TOEFL Exam Structure Section: What to Expect Section II: Structure does not require you to actually write ... to $100. – STRUCTURE: GRAMMAR AND STYLE – 65 4. A lack in folic acid, especially in early pregnancy, can lead to serious birth defects. AB C D a. A b. B c. C d. D Answers: 3-b, 4-a.  Grammar and ... ostrich is the fastest two-legged animal on Earth. Parts of Speech – STRUCTURE: GRAMMAR AND STYLE – 58  Putting It All Together: A Structure Practice Quiz Answer the questions below. You will find...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

... 2012. c 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics Robust Conversion of CCG Derivations to Phrase Structure Trees Jonathan K. Kummerfeld † Dan Klein † James R. Curran ‡ † Computer Science Division ‡ e -lab, ... james@it.usyd.edu.au Abstract We propose an improved, bottom-up method for converting CCG derivations into PTB-style phrase structure trees. In contrast with past work (Clark and Curran, 2009), which used simple transductions ... inconsistencies. Clark and Curran (2009) developed a CCG to PTB conversion that treats the CCG derivation as a phrase structure tree and applies hand-crafted rules to ev- ery pair of categories that combine in...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... paper introduces an indexing method based on static analysis of grammar rules and type signatures for typed feature structure grammars (TFSGs). The static analysis tries to predict at compile-time ... data structures is therefore required. Indexing by static analysis of grammar rules combined with statistical methods also can provide a higher aggregate benefit. The current static analysis of grammar ... information. Techni- cal Report 140, SFB 340, T¨ubingen. C. Pollard and I. Sag. 1994. Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The University of Chicago Press. I.V. Ramakrishnan, R. Sekar, and A. Voronkov. 2001....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:21

... that it might be possible to "infer" a phrase s~ruc'~r,e ~ L,-,, jus~ the grouping s~ruc~ure of ~he input (i.e., j us~ phrase boundaries). Pur~her, the set of descrip~iuns ... of ~z~nsformations," ki~ic Analysis, Vol. 2, 1976. [2] Gezdar, .G.J.M., " ;Phrase s-~,%~-%n0z~ grammar, " to appear zn The Nal-ure of S},nr.actic Representation, (eds. P. Jacobscn...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 02:18

... a prepositional phrase as a complete sentence. A preposition relates the noun or pronoun following it to some other part of the sentence (see Lesson 14 in Part One, page 94). A phrase is a group ... takes an object, car, like a verb.) PROBLEMS WITH SENTENCE STRUCTURE 161 150 COMMON USAGE ERRORS Lesson 20 Problems with Sentence Structure There are three basic kinds of sentences: simple, ... directions say. 10. She listened to the CD player, she had earphones on. PROBLEMS WITH SENTENCE STRUCTURE 167 8. Lying down in the wet grass. 9. Noticing a blind person on the corner of a busy...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 13:20

... focus of previous works, but also understanding their semantic structure. In this work, we formally define the semantic structure of noun phrase queries as comprised of intent heads and intent modifiers. ... (again for Movie). 3 Query Semantic Structure Unlike database query languages such as SQL, web queries are usually formulated as sequences of words without explicit structures. This makes web queries ... automatically makes such decisions, we first need to understand what constitute the se- mantic structure of a noun phrase query. 3.1 Definition We let C denote a set of query intent classes that represent...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... of adaptor grammars, since the grammar can learn the possible onset and coda clusters, rather than requiring them to be stipulated in the grammar. In the unigram syllable adaptor grammar shown in ... an adaptor grammar that models col- locations and syllable structure performs word seg- mentation more accurately than an adaptor grammar that models either collocations or syllable structure alone. ... The unigram morphology grammar tends to misanalyse even longer collocations as words than the unigram word grammar does. Inspecting the parses shows that rather than capturing morphological structure, the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... lexicalized grammars many of the elementary structures have substructures in common. This means that in conventional pars- ing algorithms some of the computation associ- ated with different structures ... a precompilation tech- nique for such grammars which allows some of this computation to be shared. In our approach the elementary structures of the grammar are transformed into finite state ... elementary structures, merging and minimising them, and string recog- nition and parse recovery with the resulting grammar. 1 Introduction It is well-known that fully lexicalised grammar formalisms...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... Combinatory Categorial Grammar, Lexi- cal Functional Grammar, and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. An SUG grammar is a set of partial descrip- tions of phrase structure trees. Each SUG ... about the phrase structure of a sentence until this structure is com- pletely described. This information is specified in partial descriptions of phrase structure trees. An SUG grammar is ... overview of Structure Unification Grammar, then present the parser design, and finally a sketch of its implementation. STRUCTURE UNIFICATION GRAMMAR Structure Unification Grammar is a formaliza-...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20