g and physical chemistry of assembly and interface considerations

... ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS Yves Gnanou Michel Fontanille A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS ... methodologies of physical chemistry Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers by Yves Gnanou and Michel Fontanille provides a unique approach to combine fundamentals of organic and physical chemistry ... moment of the polarized molecular group and r represents the distance between dipoles, R and T being the gas constant and absolute Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers, by Yves Gnanou and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... version of his model and reconsidered the assumptions of an enthalpy of mixing and of an energy of contact independent of the temperature Observing that in solutions containing polar components, segment–segment ... FLORY–HUGGINS THEORY 55 4.2.2 Enthalpy and Free Energy of Mixing Macromolecular solutions deviate generally from ideality and are characterized by a nonzero enthalpy of mixing In the Flory–Huggins ... in free energy due to the pulling of the two coils of Figure 4.8 closer, and whose centers of gravity are at a distant a1 , can be expressed as d( Gm )a = d( Gm )a − [d( Gm )i + d( Gm )j ] ∞ =...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... STRUCTURES AND MORPHOLOGIES G C A T G C T A A T C G Figure 5.15 Representation of the DNA double-helix organization showing A-T and C -G links 5.3 CHAIN PACKING 5.3.1 Assembly of Random Coils ... processing of PVC are of rheological origin and due to the crystallization of short syndiotactic sequences For high degrees of crystallinity, the crystalline zones give rise to an organization of higher ... three-dimensional arrangement of the mesogen groups, smectic mesophases E, G, and H are also characterized by a similar degree of order, but in SG and SH the direction of alignment of mesogens is tilted...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... of micrography is shown in Figure 6.28 The pattern shows an aggregation of spherulites observed between 210 DETERMINATION OF MOLAR MASSES AND STUDY OF CONFORMATIONS & MORPHOLOGIES (a) (b) Figure ... scattering angle and λ is the wavelength of the incident radiation, one can determine the average radius of spherulites (R) VV pattern HV pattern Figure 6.27 Vv and Hv scattering patterns of a semicrystalline ... becomes largely predominant, resulting in the relation Hm X= (6.75) Hm where H m is the enthalpy of melting of the sample studied and Hm is the enthalpy of melting of a perfect single crystal of the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... “leg” of the initiation step (activation of initiator) is generally slow due to a high value of the corresponding energy of activation (about 120 kJ·mol−1 ), it determines the global kinetics of ... deactivating growing chains These terminations occur irrespective of the degree of polymerization of the growing chains: PM∗ −→ PMn n In addition to terminations, certain systems can undergo other ... chains appear at all times, grow, and eventually stop growing as a result of one of the chain-breaking reactions (termination or transfer) The lifetime of a propagating center can be very short...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... extent the structure of active centers Organolithium compounds are aggregated species whose degrees of aggregation vary with the nature of the carbanion and sometimes with the range of concentration ... rates of polymerization In general, the kinetics is complex because of the aggregation of active centers independently of the reaction media, and the degrees of aggregation vary with their concentration ... are aggregated as dimers like shown below: ~~~~PS~~~~CH2 HC − , Li+ Li+, −CH CH2~~~~ PS~~~~ In the latter case, only non-aggregated species—in equilibrium with aggregated ones—are reactive and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... T and Tg , the above expression becomes ln(ηT /ηT g ) = −B(1/fT − 1/fT g ) which corresponds to ln(ηT /ηT g ) = −B α(T − Tg ) fT g [fT g + α(T − Tg )] ln(ηT /ηT g ) = −(B/fT g )(T − Tg ) fT g ... free energy of crystal formation, G is the specific free energy of formation of a hypothetical crystal having infinite size, and si Gi is the specific free energy of formation of i faces of the crystal ... α- and (α,ω-di) functionalized polymers], including macromonomers • Block and graft copolymers • Polymers with complex topology • Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers, by Yves Gnanou and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... calendering, extrusion, and injection molding imply very high rates of shearing with a value of about 102 , 105 , and 107 s−1 , respectively The decrease of η with high values of γ enables high rates of ... in the relation (12.28) giving Gelas , and expressing the derivative of Gelas with respect to the length L (∂( Gelas /∂L)T,V ), the expression of the force F and hence of the stress σ11 for a ... MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS The generalization of the Voigt model corresponds to the connection of a given number of Voigt models As the regular version, the generalized Voigt model is inappropriate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... 8.8.2) of several hundreds of grams of PP per gram of Ti per h pe MPa Although at present most of the production of iPP uses Ziegler–Natta catalysis, one can expect that metallocene-containing systems ... impermeable to gases and liquids than most of other polymers due to its high density and degree of crystallinity Indeed, the fraction of free volume is low and does not allow the passage of small molecules ... The rigidity of PTFE chains avoids the use of the usual techniques of processing because the viscosity of the molten bulk is very high at 380◦ C, and it undergoes thermal degradation at higher...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... polycondensation of o-phthalic anhydride with glycerol, and the resulting network is represented hereafter Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers, by Yves Gnanou and Michel Fontanille Copyright  2008 ... number of carbon atoms of the repeating unit It is easy to explain this phenomenon using the following schemes, which compare the the extent of hydrogen bonds in PA-6 and PA-7 The melting point of ... (the corresponding creep is about 3%) and an elongation at break reaching 400% On the other hand, if “long” diols are replaced by “short” diols, rigid phases prevail and give a highly cohesive material...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:20

... been an integral part of physics and electrical engineering and has been extended to chemistry and biology The purpose of this chapter is to provide a background toward the understanding of mathematical ... kinds of quantities and provide a glossary at the end of the book The advantage of changing standard notation is the maintenance of consistency within a book The disadvantage is that changing the ... Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Anatomy and Structural Biology, Materials Science and Engineering, Materials and Polymers For young science students, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... interaction of GSH and S-hexylGSH to the Y49F mutant and wild-type enzymes of hGST P1-1, at 25.2ºC and pH 6.5 20 Thermodynamics – Physical Chemistry of Aqueous Systems As shown in Fig 9, although G0 ... kcal/mol of ligand kcal/mol of ligand -3 -8 -12 -4 -8 -12 -16 [S-hexylGSH]/[wild-type] [S-hexylGSH]/[Y49F] Fig Representative isothermal titration calorimetry measurements of the binding of ShexylGSH ... high-affinity ligand to the target protein, a direct titration of the weak ligand to the target protein and a displacement titration of the high-affinity ligand to the weak ligandtarget protein complex...

Ngày tải lên: 09/04/2015, 17:20

... o = qGQo + rGRo o − lGLo − mGM On subtracting Equation 1.63 from Equation 1.64 we get: G o − G = q GQo − GQ + r GRo − GR + substituting Gi − Gio = RTln , we get: o − GM − l GLo − GL − m GM 64 ... that is, G M = nA GA + nB GB − nA GAo + nB GBo = nA GA − GAo + nA GB − GBo M M = nA ΔGA + nB ΔGB 61 = RT nA lnaA + nB ln aB Dividing by (nA + nB) we get integral molar free energy of mixing for ... energy before mixing = nA GAo + nB GBo and after mixing= nA GA + nB GB The free energy change for the entire body of solution due to mixing, G M, referred as the integral free energy of mixing,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:16

... been an integral part of physics and electrical engineering and has been extended to chemistry and biology The purpose of this chapter is to provide a background toward the understanding of mathematical ... kinds of quantities and provide a glossary at the end of the book The advantage of changing standard notation is the maintenance of consistency within a book The disadvantage is that changing the ... Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Anatomy and Structural Biology, Materials Science and Engineering, Materials and Polymers For young science students, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:17

... She has been teaching elementary physical chemistry, advanced physical chemistry, physical chemistry of macromolecular systems, and general chemistry at undergraduate and graduate levels She ... School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Yoga Sugama Salim Department of Chemistry, ... Badri and Amamer Musbah Omran Redwan 15 Graft Copolymers of Guar Gum vs Alginate––Drug Delivery Applications and Implications 423 Animesh Ghosh and Tin Wui Wong 16 Thermal Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:32

... adding and subtracting the numbers of lines (or arcs) according to the sign in front of the corresponding energies We note in passing that while the number of lines is the same for the regular ... assigned to groups of CPUs Although up to now the primary target of GDDI is the FMO method, other usages have been reported (numeric gradients in [43]) and more can be conceived The scheme of GDDI ... the fragments, and finally the total energy and properties of the whole molecule are evaluated using those of the fragments Such approaches have a long history and can be classified according to...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2018, 08:55

... concepts of physical chemistry to postgraduate and undergarduate students and to scientists and engineers who have an interest in the field of foods, but also in the neighboring fields of pharmaceuticals, ... combustions: C2H 4g + H 2g → C2H 6g; C2H6 + 7⁄2 O 2g → 2CO2 + 3H2Ol ; C4H1 0g + 13 ⁄2 O 2g → 4CO 2g + 5H2Ol ; H 2g + ½O2 → H2Ol ; rearrange and multiply the equations so as to sum C4H1 0g → 2C2H 4g + H 2g Add the ... chemistry of foods 2.2 Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the application of the First Law of Thermodynamics for the purpose of studying and quantifying the energy changes that take place during chemical...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2018, 08:56

... of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Ksenija Kogej, Ph.D Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, ... the molecular weight obtained from light scattering is the weight average, the radius of gyration is the z-average, i.e., R 2g = ͗R 2g ͘z , and that values of the radius of gyration are not affected ... the Guinier regime and partly regime (ii) can be covered assuming typical sizes of polyions A much larger range of q values can be obtained by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle...

Ngày tải lên: 01/02/2018, 15:45

Ngày tải lên: 01/02/2018, 15:46

Ngày tải lên: 01/02/2018, 15:46