... List -of- Int.
1. () is a list of integers, because of property 1 of definition 1.1 .4 or the first
rule of definition 1.1.5.
2. ( 14 . ()) is a list of integers, because of property 2 of definition 1.1 .4,
since ... 1.1 .4,
since 14 is an integer and () is a list of integers. We can also write this as
an instance of the second rule for List -of- Int.
14
∈ Int () ∈ List -of- Int
( 14 . ()) ∈ List -of- Int
24 1 Inductive ... code of the sec-
ond editionofchapter 7. Ryan Newton, in addition to reading a draft of the
second edition, assumed the onerous task of suggesting a difficulty level for
each exercise for that edition. ...
... Center
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI 48 109-2136
J.A. Martin
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52 242
Manuela Martins-Green
Department of Cell Biology ... University, School of Medicine
200011 Shanghai
P.R. China
Michael T. Longaker
Stanford University School of Medicine
Department of Surgery
Stanford, CA 943 05-5 148
Ying Luo
Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts ... Genetics
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
Jonathan Mansbridge
Tecellact LLC
La Jolla, CA 92037
J.L. Marsh
Department of Orthopaedics
University of Iowa College of Medicine
Iowa City, IA 52 242
David...
...
0-13- 049 447 -X
(with
Answer Key)
Printed
in
the United States of America
567891O-CRK-0605 04FUNDAMENTALSOF
NGL
GRAMMAR
Third
Edition
with
Answer
Key
Betty
Schrampfer
Azar
FUNDAMENTALS ... Chapter
4
THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE
PAST
PERFECT
.:
.
.+
i;
. .
I
4- 1
Past participle
84
4- 2
Forms of the present perfect
85
4- 3
Meanings of the present ...
Usinghow
138
Usinghowofin
139
Usinghowjkr
140
Length of time: it
+
ta&e and how long
141
More questions
with
how
143
Using how about and what about
149
Tagquestions
...
...
I am standing in front of an unpainted wall. I'm opening a can of paint. Now
'
I,
I'm picking up
a
paintbrush. I'm dipping the brush in the can of paint. I'm
lifting ... cup of tealcoffee
petting a dog
dialing a telephone
climbing a tree
playing the piano
diving into a pool and swimming
driving a car
watching a tennis match
pitching a baseball
8
CHAPTER ... to
her
desk.
1.
stand up
12. kick your desk (softly)
2. smile
3.
whistle
4.
open or close the door
5.
hum
13. knock on the door
14.
sit on the floor
15.
shake hands with someone...
... front page of a newspaper contain the most important news of the day.
14. Water freeze at 3 2OF (OãC) and boil at 212ãF (lOOãC).
15.
Mrs.
Taylor never cross the street in the middle of a block. ...
of
final 41 -ES. (Chart 1-5)
Directions:
Add final
-51-es.
3.
hope-
4.
reach-
5.
move-
6.
kiss-
7.
push-
8.
wait-
9.
mix-
10. blow-
11. study-
12.
buy-
13.
enjoy-
14. ... meaning
of
frequency adverbs. (Chart
1-3)
Directions: Answer the questions. Discuss the meaning of
the
frequency adverbs.
What
is
something
that.
. .
1.
you
seldom
do?
2.
you often...
... least,
I
(think, not/
so.
3.
A:
(your
ftimds,
write)
a lot of e-mails?
B: Yes,
.
I
(get/
lots of e-mails all the time.
4.
A:
(the students, take)
a test in class right now?
,I8> ...
(be)
aggressive and
(love)
excitement.
B: Oh? That
(sound)
like a bunch of nonsense to me.
18
CHAPTER
1
16
CHAPTER
I
5.
A:
Knock, knock! Anybody home? Hey, Bill! Hi! It's me. ... tan.
:/
i
:
":
ney
to music on a radio. They also
(hear)
the sound of seagulls and the sound of the waves.
6.
A:
What
(you, think)
about right now?
B:
I
(think)
about...
... got up at 4: 30 this morning.
,
.
2.
(
.
.
.
)
is standing in the comer of the classroom.
3.
(
.
.
.
)
stands in a comer of the classroom during class each day.
,
4.
(
.
. ...
heat heating heated
YES
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
(4 stop
stopping stopped
plan planning planned
lW0-SYLLABLE
VERBS
NO visiting visited
offering offered
YES
(0
pref+
preferring preferred ... invited
3.
continued
8.
helped
13.
suggested
4.
ended
9.
looked
14.
smelled
5.
explained
10.
planned
15.
crossed
1
2-5
SPELLING
OF
-ING
AND
-ED
FORMS
IND
Oi DOUBLE
THE...